Membrane Potentials Change with Permeability - Lecture Slides | BIOL 260 | Lab Reports Physiology

2/8/2009

BIOL 260

BIOL 260:

: Human Physiology

Human Physiology

Spring 2009

Spring 2009 M,

M, Feb. 9, 2009

Feb. 9, 2009

www.smccd.edu/accounts/staplesn/biol260

1. Pre

Pre-

-Lab

Lab Writeups

Writeups:

:Be sure to prepare

Be sure to prepare before

before each

each

Monday

Monday’

’s labs (for WHOLE week

s labs (for WHOLE week –

–Mon. & Wed.!)!!

Mon. & Wed.!)!!

•

•(What? Why? How? are we doing in the lab??

(What? Why? How? are we doing in the lab??

2. Practice quiz is posted.

Practice quiz is posted. Quiz #1 due Wed. night!!

Quiz #1 due Wed. night!!

•

•WebAccess

WebAccess!!

!! (

(http://smccd.mrooms.net/

http://smccd.mrooms.net/)

)

3. THIS week

THIS week’

’s Labs:

s Labs: PhysioEx

PhysioEx (#3), and Expt. 2.

(#3), and Expt. 2.

•

•WebAccess

WebAccess!!

!! (

(http://

http://smccd.mrooms.net

smccd.mrooms.net/

)

REVIEW

1. Compare and contrast the various methods of

Compare and contrast the various methods of passive (2) and active (3) membrane

passive (2) and active (3) membrane

transport

transport.

2. Using diagrams, compare and contrast

Using diagrams, compare and contrast chemical (tonicity) and electrical equilibrium

chemical (tonicity) and electrical equilibrium in

cells. What are the uses of disequilibrium?

TODAY:

TODAY: Students should be able to

Students should be able to…

….

1. Define and describe

Define and describe resting membrane potential

resting membrane potential. How is it maintained,

. How is it maintained,

and why is it important for cell function?

2. Describe and diagram how

Describe and diagram how sodium and potassium

sodium and potassium permeabilities

permeabilities are

are

altered to establish resting membrane potentials, and to cause

depolarizations

depolarizations.

3. Ch. 8:

Ch. 8: Outline or diagram the general organization of the nervous sys

Outline or diagram the general organization of the nervous system

tem

into its

into its central and peripheral pathways

central and peripheral pathways and

and subpathways

subpathways. Include

. Include

inputs, outputs, and target organs.

4. Diagram and compare the cell structures of

Diagram and compare the cell structures of sensory/ afferent neurons,

sensory/ afferent neurons,

CNS

CNS interneurons

interneurons,

,and

and efferent neurons.

efferent neurons.

Partial preview of the text

Download Membrane Potentials Change with Permeability - Lecture Slides | BIOL 260 and more Lab Reports Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIOL 260: BIOL 260 1.1.1. Pre2. Practice quiz is posted. 3. THIS week 1. 2. 3. www.smccd.edu/accounts/staplesn/biol260www.smccd.edu/accounts/staplesn/biol260Compare and contrast the various methods ofCompare and contrast the various methods of • • • •Pre- Monday • •Practice quiz is posted. THIS week’ Monday Spring 2009 Spring 2009 WebAccessWebAccess!!WebAccessWebAccess!!(What? Why? How? are we doing in the lab??(What? Why? How? are we doing in the lab?? -LabLab Writeups’’s labs (for WHOLE weekWriteups:s labs (for WHOLE week – ’s Labs:s Labs: PhysioEx!!!! REVIEW REVIEW (((( http://smccd.mrooms.net/http://smccd.mrooms.net/http://http://smccd.mrooms.net : Human Physiology Human Physiology : Be sure to prepareBe sure to prepare PhysioEx (#3), and Expt. 2.smccd.mrooms.net/ Quiz #1 due Wed. night!!Quiz #1 due Wed. night!! passive (2) and active (3) membranepassive (2) and active (3) membraneM,M, (#3), and Expt. 2. Feb. 9, 2009Feb. 9, 2009 – Mon. & Wed.!)!!Mon. & Wed.!)!! / )))) beforebefore eacheach

2.2.TODAY:1.1. Define and describe2.2. Describe and diagram how 3.3. Ch. 8: 4.4. Diagram and compare the cell structures of TODAY: transporttransport Using diagrams, compare and contrastUsing diagrams, compare and contrastcells. What are the uses of disequilibrium?cells. What are the uses of disequilibrium?Define and describeand why is it important for cell function?Describe and diagram howaltered to establish resting membrane potentials, and to causedepolarizations Ch. 8: into itsinputs, outputs, and target organs.Diagram and compare the cell structures of CNS interneurons and why is it important for cell function?altered to establish resting membrane potentials, and to causedepolarizationsinto itsinputs, outputs, and target organs. CNSinterneurons, central and peripheral pathwayscentral and peripheral pathways Outline or diagram the general organization of the nervous sysOutline or diagram the general organization of the nervous system.. .. Students should be able to…Students should be able to , and and efferent neurons.resting membrane potentialresting membrane potentialefferent neurons. sodium and potassium permeabilitiessodium and potassium chemical (tonicity) and electrical equilibriumchemical (tonicity) and electrical equilibrium andand subpathways sensory/ afferent neurons,sensory/ afferent neurons, subpathways. Include. How is it maintained,. How is it maintained, permeabilities. Include….. arearetem inin

Change with PermeabilityPotassium (major contributor!!)Change with PermeabilityPotassiumC. Membrane Potentials:^ C. Membrane Potentials:1.) Membrane Potentials:1.) Membrane Potentials: 1.1. Resting2.2. Equilibrium3.3. Channel opening a)a) Voltage gatedb)b) ATP gated (leak)RestingEquilibriumChannel openingVoltage gatedATP gated (leak)(major contributor!!)

Figure 5- Figure 5-34: Potassium equilibrium potential34: Potassium equilibrium potential

VV Figure 5Figure 5- mm -regulated Response **-regulated Response ** -38: Insulin secretion and membrane transport processes38: Insulin secretion and membrane transport processes Summary:Summary: Figure 5-

Cellular and Network PropertiesCellular and Network Properties 1.1. Rapid communication for homeostatic balance.Rapid communication for homeostatic balance.Chapter 8^ Chapter 8Neurons:Neurons:

2.2. Emergent properties of intelligence & emotion. 3.3. Central Nervous system (CNS) 4.4. Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)8.1) Organization of the^ 8.1) Organization of theEmergent properties of intelligence & emotion.Central Nervous system (CNS)Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)a) Brainb) Spinal Corda) Afferent (sensory) nervesb) Efferent (response) nerves a)b)a)b)BrainSpinal CordAfferent (sensory) nerves -Efferent (response) nerves -1.1. Autonomic Neurons (visceral system) 2.2. Somatic Motor NeuronsNervous SystemNervous SystemAutonomic Neurons (visceral system)Somatic Motor Neurons a)a)b)b) Parasympathetic • • • • SympatheticSympathetic –Parasympathetic – Both antagonize each other on target organs: smoothBoth antagonize each other on target organs: smoothmuscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands/cells, somemuscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands/cells, someendocrine glands/cells, & some adipose tissueendocrine glands/cells, & some adipose tissueSkeletal musclesSkeletal muscles – ““Fight or Flight Fight or Flight” ÆÆ – “ tissue responsestissue responses “Rest and DigestRest and Digest” - APNS- EPNSAPNSEPNS ” ”

1.1. Pseudo2.2. Bipolar3.3. Anaxonic4.4. Multipolar 5.5. Multipolar Diverse Neuron Form & Functions^ Diverse Neuron Form & Functions Pseudo-unipolarunipolarBipolarAnaxonicMultipolar – – CNS Multipolar – – efferentCNSefferent - Figure 8Figure 8--3:3: Anatomic and functional categories of neuronsAnatomic and functional categories of neurons

•••^ A. Metabolism and Synthesis^ A. Metabolism and SynthesisCell bodyand synthesisAxonal transportCell bodyand synthesisAxonal transport – ––– Electrical Vesicles Electrical depolarizations Vesicles • • Fast axonal transport to terminal•• Retrograde to cell bodyFast axonal transport to terminalRetrograde to cell body –^ – depolarizations -= site of energy generation= site of energy generationin a Neuronin a Neuron-

1.1. Outnumber neuronsOutnumber neuronsMetabolism and Synthesis in^ Metabolism and Synthesis in^ Figure 8-4: Fast Axonal transport of membranous organellesa Neurona Neuron

2.2. Support neuron bodies,3.3. Form barriers between4.4. Scavenger/defense &^10 10 -Support neuron bodies,form myelin sheathsform myelin sheathsForm barriers betweencompartmentscompartmentsScavenger/defense &metabolic assistancemetabolic assistance–––– Added homeostaticAdded homeostaticcontrols (remove excesscontrols (remove excessmetabolites and K+)metabolites and K+)SecreteSecrete factorsfactors- 50 : 150 : 1B. Glial Cell Functions^ B. Glial Cell Functions neurotrophicneurotrophic Figure 8-6c

Ionic Concentrations and PotentialsIonic Concentrations and PotentialsA. Graded Potentials A. Graded Potentials 1.1. Incoming signals Table 8Table 8- Incoming signals -2: Ion Concentrations and Equilibrium Potentials2: Ion Concentrations and Equilibrium Potentials Electrical Signals:^ Electrical Signals:

2.2. Travels to trigger zoneTravels to trigger zonea) At dendrites & cell body b) Depolarizing c) Vary in strength!! (no minimum)d) Lose strength over distancee) Are slower than action potentials (AP) a) Subthresholdb) Suprathreshold a)^ b)^ c)d)^ e) a) b) At dendrites & cell body Depolarizing Vary in strength!! (no minimum)Lose strength over distanceAre slower than action potentials (AP) SubthresholdSuprathreshold^ – –1)1)2)2)a)a)b)b)^ CytoplasmicCytoplasmic resistance and leak Too weakToo weakNo generation of APNo generation of APStrength of stimulusStrength of stimulusCan be summedCan be summed^ oror resistance and leak –^ – hyperpolarizinghyperpolarizing – – generate APgenerate AP ÆÆ frequency of potentialsfrequency of potentials^ (( gradedgraded !)!)

Fig. 8- Fig. 8 Cell Integration and Initiation of APCell Integration and Initiation of AP -7: Graded potentials decrease in strength as they spread out fro7: Graded potentials decrease in strength as they spread out from the point of origin B. Trigger Zone: B. Trigger Zone:Graded Potentials^ Graded Potentials m the point of origin

•••^ Excitatory signal: threshold Inhibitory signal: threshold Excitatory signal: threshold Inhibitory signal: threshold–– (potential moves closer to TP)–– (potential moves further from TP)(potential moves closer to TP)(potential moves further from TP) hyperpolarizes, increaseshyperpolarizes, increasesdepolarizes, reducesdepolarizes, reduces

A. Action Potentials: Voltage- A. Action Potentials: Voltage8.4) Membrane & Channel8.4) Membrane & ChannelAction PotentialAction PotentialChanges during anChanges during an^ 1.1. Initiation2.2. Depolarization3.3. Signal peak4.4. RepolarizationInitiationDepolarizationSignal peakRepolarizationNa+ ChannelsNa+ Channels -GatedGated

Figure 8- Figure 8-10: Model of the voltage10: Model of the voltage-^ 2 gates: activation,2 gates: activation,inactivation (slow!)inactivation (slow!) -gated Nagated Na ++^ channelchannel

1.1. Positive feedback loop 2.2. Absolute refractory period 3.3. Relative refractory periodPositive feedback loop opening down axonopening down axon Absolute refractory periodRelative refractory period reset; strongerreset; stronger depol Figure 8Figure 8-movement during anmovement during anaction potentialaction potential B. Regulating the AP^ B. Regulating the AP -11:11: Regulating the APRegulating the AP IonIon depol’’ngng graded potential neededgraded potential needed^ – – keeps Na+ channelskeeps Na+ channels – many, not all Na+ Ch– – – Na+ Ch. Reset to restingmany, not all Na+ ChNa+ Ch. Reset to resting

Action potentialsAction potentialswill not fire duringwill not fire duringan absolutean absoluterefractory periodrefractory period Figure 8Figure 8--12: Refractory12: Refractoryperiodsperiods

Membrane Potentials Change with Permeability - Lecture Slides | BIOL 260, Lab Reports of Physiology

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Membrane Potentials Change with Permeability - Lecture Slides | BIOL 260 and more Lab Reports Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

1.1. Outnumber neuronsOutnumber neuronsMetabolism and Synthesis in^ Metabolism and Synthesis in^ Figure 8-4: Fast Axonal transport of membranous organellesa Neurona Neuron