Macromolecules Chart
Macromole
cule
(polymer)
Functional
Groups, Basic
Formula
Monomer
Subgroups
Examples
Uses
Carbo-
hydrates
C:H:O
1:2:1
Mono-
saccharide
Monosaccharides-
simple sugars
Disaccharides-double
sugars
Polysaccharides-many
sugars
Glucose,fructose,
galactose
Sucrose
Starch-plants
Glycogen-
animals
Cellulose-plants
Chitin-insects
Energy
Store
energy
structure
Lipids
CHO
Greater than 2:1
H:O ratio
(carboxyl group)
Fatty acid
and
glycerol
Saturated (all single
bonds)
Monounsaturated (one
double bond)
Polyunsaturated (two
or more double bonds)
Phospholipids
(phosphate replaces a
FA)
Steroids (4 fused rings)
Waxes ( –OH replaces
a FA)
Butter
Soft margarine
Olive oil
Cell membrane
Cholesterol
Testosterone
Progesterone
Beeswax
(paraffin)
High calorie
foods,
energy
storage
Protect cell
Chemical
messengers
Repel water
(leaves)
Proteins
CHON
-NH2 + -COOH +
group
Amino
acids
Dipeptide (2 amino
acids)
Polypeptide (many AA)
Enzymes
Muscles
Skin
Some hormones
Storage
Signal
Structural
Contractile
Defensive
Enzyme
Transport
Receptor
Nucleic
acids
CHONP
-5-C ribose,
phosphate,
nitrogenous
base
Nucleotide
(5-C ribose
sugar,
phosphate,
nitrogenou
s base)
DNA
RNA
Stores and
transmits genetic
information
Genetic
information
