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LSU |\Bio |\ 1201 |\exam |\ 2 |\questions |\with |\answers
why |\are |\membranes |\called |\phospholipid |\bilayers? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔phospholipids |\have |\hydrophilic |\head |\and |\hydrophobic |\tail, |\hydrophobic |\face |\inside |\of |\cell |\making |\ 2 |\layers what |\is |\meant |\by |\fluid |\mosaic? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Mosaic |\of |
proteins |\drifting |\laterally |\in |\fluid |\bilayer |\of |\phospholipids how |\are |\membranes |\adjusted |\for |\different |\temperatures? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔membrane |\fluidity |\adjusted |\by |\changing |\the |\ratio |\of |\unsaturated |\to |\saturated |\fatty |\acids how |\do |\the |\relative |\amounts |\of |\saturated |\and |\unsaturated |\fats |
change? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔if |\you |\are |\in |\a |\cold |\environment |
you |\want |\more |\saturated |\fats |\for |\your |\membranes |\to |\be |\fluid; |
warm |\environment |\you |\want |\more |\saturated |\fats |\to |\make |\your |
membranes |\more |\solid what |\is |\meant |\by |\membrane |\fluidity? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔not |
too |\solid, |\not |\too |\fluid why |\is |\fluidity |\an |\important |\property? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔preserves |\membrane |\function
Henrique |\and |\Hanson |\performed |\experiments |\with |\pigs |\and |
examined |\the |\effects |\on |\the |\relative |\amounts |\of |\saturated |\and |
unsaturated |\fats. |\What |\did |\they |\find? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔found |\that |\membrane |\fluidity |\can |\acclimate |\to |\temperature; |\pigs |\raised |\wearing |\underwear |\in |\a |\hot |\room |\had |\subcutaneous |\fats |
with |\higher |\melting |\point what |\types |\of |\molecules |\can |\move |\easily |\across |\the |\membrane? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔small |\nonpolar |\molecules, |\gases, |\steroid |
hormones, |\and |\water what |\is |\simple |\diffusion? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔down |\the |
concentration |\gradient; |\does |\not |\require |\supplied |\energy; |\does |\not |
use |\a |\carrier |\molecule what |\is |\facilitated |\diffusion? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔down |\the |
concentration |\gradient; |\employs |\carrier |\molecule; |\does |\not |\require |
supplied |\energy what |\is |\active |\transport? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔work |\must |\me |
done; |\must |\use |\supplied |\energy; |\employs |\carrier |\molecule for |\which |\transport |\processes |\are |\carrier |\molecules |\involved? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔facilitated |\diffusion |\and |\active |\transport
in |\which |\direction |\does |\water |\flow? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔osmosis |\and |\the |\direction |\of |\net |\water |\movement what |\are |\aquaporins? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔channel |\proteins |
which |\facilitate |\water |\diffusion |\through |\the |\membrane marine |\bony |\fish |\are...? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔hypotonic |\to |
seawater how |\do |\enzymes |\work? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔they |\position |\the |
reactants |\in |\a |\conformation |\more |\favorable |\for |\the |\chemical |
reaction |\to |\occur what |\aspects |\of |\the |\energetics |\do |\enzymes |\change? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔enzymes |\lower |\activation |\energy |\barrier |\ΔG⧧ what |\aspects |\of |\energetics |\do |\enzymes |\not |\affect? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔they |\do |\not |\reverse |\an |\energetically |\unfavorable |
reactions; |\they |\do |\not |\make |\a |\reaction |\go |\uphill how |\are |\substrates |\lured |\into |\the |\active |\site? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔positively |\charged |\arginine |\sidechain |\lures |\the |\negatively |
charged |\substrate |\into |\the |\active |\site
what |\are |\the |\analogs |\to |\these |\characters |\in |\the |\binding |\of |
substrates |\to |\enzymes? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Siren |\song= |
positively |\charged |\arginine |\sidechain Negatively |\charged |\substrate= |\Odysseus' |\men Circe= |\active |\site how |\do |\temperature |\changes |\affect |\the |\rates |\of |\reactions |\catalyzed |\by |\enzymes? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔temperature |\is |\a |\measure |\of |\how |\many |\molecules |\will |\have |\achieved |\activation |\energy; |\low |
temp= |\low |\energy |\associated |\with |\molecule what |\is |\meant |\bby |\the |\thermostability |\of |\an |\enzyme? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Able |\to |\remain |\stable |\and |\function |\at |\high |
temperatures Proteins |\can |\be |\denaturation |\by |\physical |\factors |\such |\as |
temperature |\and |\pH |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Environment |\can |\alter |\enzyme's |\functional |\properties: |\denaturation -Temperature -Hydrogen |\ion |\concentration -Solutes |
-Hydrostatic |\pressure
NADP |(oxidized |\form) NADPH |(reduced |\form) |
FAD+ FADH What |\do |\we |\mean |\by |"reducing |\power?" |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔The |\addition |\of |\electrons |\or |\hydrogen |\to |\a |\molecule |(adds |
energy) Oxidation= |\the |\removal |\of |\electrons |\or |\hydrogen |\from |\a |\molecule |
(reduces |\energy) |
|\There |\is |\a |\constant |\pool |\cycling |\between |\the |\reduced |\and |\oxidized |\forms. Competitive |\enzyme |\inhibition |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Substrate |
and |\inhibitor |\compete |\for |\binding |\ot |\the |\active |\site |\of |\the |\enzyme Inhibitor |\is |\structurally |\similar |\to |\the |\substrate Most |\apparent |\at |\low |[substrate] Noncompetitive |\enzyme |\inhibition |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Inhibitor |\binds |\at |\a |\site |\away |\from |\the |\substrate |\binding |\site Causes |\a |\conformational |\change |\in |\the |\enzyme Not |\overcome |\by |\increasing |\the |[substrate]
Allosteric |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔"other |\site" Modulator |(activator |\or |\inhibitor) |\binds |\to |\a |\site |\other |\than |\the |
substrate |\binding |\site |(active |\site) Causes |\a |\conformational |\change |\of |\the |\enzyme |\which |\changes |\the |
activity What |\is |\the |\role |\of |\inhibition |\in |\regulating |\metabolic |\pathways? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔The |\product |\of |\a |\pathway |\may |\be |\very |
different |\from |\the |\starting |\material: |\won't |\be |\a |\good |\fit |\as |\a |
competitive |\inhibitor Therefore |\inhibit |\at |\an |"other |\site": |\allosteric |\inhibition First |\Law |\of |\Thermodynamics |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Within |\any |
closed |\system |\the |\total |\amount |\of |\energy |\remains |\constant "Energy |\can |\be |\transferred |\and |\transformed, |\but |\it |\cannot |\be |
created |\or |\destroyed" Second |\Law |\of |\Thermodynamics |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔All |
spontaneous |\processes |\resuilt |\in |\an |\increase |\in |\randomness |\and |
disorder |\in |\the |\universe |\and |\consequently |\In |\a |\loss |\of |\localized |
concentrations |\of |\energy Entropy |\is |\a |\measure |\of |\disorder
In |\plants, |\where |\is |\ATP |\synthase |\located? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Thylakoid |\membrane |\and |\inner |\mitochondrial |\membrane Where |\does |\the |\Calvin-Benson |\cycle |\occur? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Stroma |\of |\chloroplasts The |\light |\reactions |\produce |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ATP, |\NADPH, |
O What |\would |\happen |\to |\red |\blood |\cells |\if |\they |\were |\placed |\in |\a |
hypotonic |\solution? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔They |\would |\lyse |
(explode) What |\step |\in |\a |\metabolic |\pathway |\is |\it |\energetically |\most |\desirable |
to |\inhibit? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔The |\first |\enzyme |\in |\the |\pathway What |\type |\of |\enzyme |\regulation |\is |\pictured? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Competitive Which |\contains |\more |\energy: |\NADH |\or |\FADH2? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔NADH
Which |\contains |\more |\energy: |\Glucose |\or |\pyruvate? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Glucose O2 |\is |\used |\by |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Oxidative |\phosphorylation O2 |\is |\produced |\by |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Light |\reactions Water |\is |\split |\in |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Light |\reactions Autotroph |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔An |\organism |\that |\obtains |
organic |\molecules |\without |\eating |\other |\organisms Heterotroph |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔An |\organism |\that |\obtains |
organic |\molecules |\by |\eating |\other |\organisms An |\endergonic |\reaction |\has |\negative |\or |\positive |\ΔG? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Positive |(+ |\ΔG) What |\is |\ΔG‡? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Activation |\energy |\barrier; |
determines |\the |\rate |\of |\the |\reaction Is |\a |\reaction |\with |- |\ΔG |\spontaneous? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔yes
What |\enzymes |\catalyze |\substrate |\level |\ATP |\production? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔Kinases Where |\in |\the |\cell |\does |\the |\ETC |\and |\chemiosmosis |\take |\place? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔mitochondria Creatine |\Phosphate |- |\high |\energy |\phosphagen |\store |\in |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔vertebrates Arginine |\Phosphate |- |\high |\energy |\phosphagen |\store |\in |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔invertebrates The |\high |\energy |\phosphagen |\store |\is |\used |\to |\regenerate |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ATP Catabolic |\processes |(produce |\or |\require?) |\ATP |\and |\reducing |\power |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔produce Anabolic |\processes |(produce |\or |\require?) |\ATP |\and |\reducing |\power |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔require In |\the |(presence |\or |\absence?) |\of |\adequate |\oxygen, |\glucose |\is |
fermented |\in |\the |\cytoplasm |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔absence
In |\the |(presence |\or |\absence?) |\of |\adequate |\oxygen |\pyruvate |\is |
channeled |\into |\the |\Krebs |\cycle |\in |\mitochondria. |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔presence The |\free |\energy |\of |\the |\proton |\gradient |\is |\used |\to |\drive |\the |
synthesis |\of |\ATP |\which |\is |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔an |\exergonic |
reaction |\catalyzed |\by |\the |\enzymes |\ATP |\synthase how |\many |\ATP |\are |\produced |\in |\aerobic |\respiration? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔net |\of |\30- Chemiosmosis |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\movement |\of |\protons |
down |\their |\concentration |\gradient |\to |\provide |\the |\energy |\for |\ATP |
synthesis Which |\of |\the |\following |\statements |\about |\the |\role |\of |\phospholipids |
in |\forming |\membranes |\is |\correct? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔Phospholipids |\form |\a |\selectively |\permeable |\structure. The |\plasma |\membrane |\is |\referred |\to |\as |\a |"fluid |\mosaic" |\structure. |
Which |\of |\the |\following |\statements |\is |\true? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔The |\fluid |\component |\of |\the |\membrane |\is |\phospholipid, |\and |\the |
mosaic |\is |\protein
The |\mechanism |\of |\enzyme |\action |\is |_____. |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔lowering |\the |\energy |\of |\activation |\for |\a |\reaction A |\chemical |\reaction |\is |\designated |\as |\exergonic |\rather |\than |
endergonic |\when |_____ |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\potential |
energy |\of |\the |\products |\is |\less |\than |\the |\potential |\energy |\of |\the |
reactants What |\best |\characterizes |\the |\role |\of |\ATP |\in |\cellular |\metabolism? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔The |\free |\energy |\released |\by |\ATP |\hydrolysis |
may |\be |\coupled |\to |\an |\endergonic |\process |\via |\the |\formation |\of |\a |
phosphorylated |\intermediate. A |\chemical |\reaction |\is |\designated |\as |\endergonic |\rather |\than |
exergonic |\when |_____. |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\potential |\energy |\of |\the |\reactants |\is |\less |\than |\the |\potential |\energy |\of |\the |\products Which |\of |\the |\following |\statements |\about |\enzymes |\is |\true? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Enzymes |\speed |\up |\the |\rate |\of |\the |\reaction |
without |\changing |\the |\Delta |\G |\for |\the |\reaction. A |\glucose |\molecule |\is |\completely |\broken |\down |\to |\carbon |\dioxide |
and |\water |\in |\glycolysis |\and |\the |\citric |\acid |\cycle, |\but |\together |\these |
two |\processes |\yield |\only |\a |\few |\molecules |\of |\ATP. |\What |\happened |\to |\most |\of |\the |\energy |\that |\the |\cell |\obtains |\from |\the |\oxidation |\of |
glucose? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔It |\is |\stored |\in |\NADH.
In |\fermentation, |________ |\is |________. |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔NADH; |\oxidized In |\the |\absence |\of |\oxygen, |\what |\is |\the |\net |\gain |\of |\ATP |\for |\each |
glucose |\molecule |\that |\enters |\glycolysis? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ 2 |
ATP Pyruvate |\is |\formed |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔in |\the |\cytosol Glycolysis |\is |\an |________ |\reaction |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔exergonic How |\many |\ATP |\molecules |\are |\produced |(total) |\by |\glycolysis? |- |
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ 4 Which |\statement |\about |\the |\citric |\acid |\cycle |\is |\incorrect? |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔The |\oxidation |\of |\compounds |\by |\the |\citric |\acid |\cycle |
requires |\molecular |\oxygen Cells |\do |\not |\catabolize |\carbon |\dioxide |\because |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔CO2 |\is |\already |\completely |\oxidized Most |\CO2 |\from |\catabolism |\is |\released |\during |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔the |\citric |\acid |\cycle
