Bellringer
List the four layers of Earth, starting with the innermost
and moving outward.
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Exploring the Layers of Earth: A Journey from the Crust to the Inner Core, Schemes and Mind Maps of Geology
An overview of Earth's interior layers, from the crust to the inner core. Geologists use various methods, including direct evidence from rock samples and indirect evidence from seismic waves, to learn about Earth's interior. the four main layers of Earth, their characteristics, and the conditions present in each layer, such as temperature and pressure. It also discusses the importance of volcanic eruptions and deep drilling in understanding Earth's interior.
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
2021/2022
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Bellringer
List the four layers of Earth, starting with the innermost and moving outward.
Earth’s Interior
Notes
Exploring Inside Earth
Scientists cannot travel inside Earth to explore it. So scientists must learn about Earth’s interior, or inside, in other ways.
Volcanic eruptions make people wonder what’s inside Earth. The deepest mine in the world reaches a depth of 3. kilometers. But to get to the center of the planet, you’d have to dig to 6,000 km!
Deep drilling of Earth’s crust usually occurs at ocean drilling sites, where scientists can get a 5-8 km start at the ocean floor.
Exploring Inside Earth
Scientists study how seismic waves travel through Earth. Seismic waves are waves made by earthquakes. Seismic waves show that Earth is made up of layers like an onion.
Remember that whereas P-waves can travel though all states of matter, S-waves are blocked by liquids such as that of the outer core.
A Journey to the
Center of Earth
Earth has four main layers. The crust is the outside layer. The mantle is beneath that. The outer core is below the mantle, and the inner core is the inner-most layer.
A Journey to the
Center of Earth
Pressure also increases from the crust to the inner core. Pressure is caused by the force pressing on an area. There is great pressure inside Earth because of all the rock pressing down from above.
The core pressure can be 360 GPa (Giga- Pascals) or about 52,213,590 psi.
The Crust
The crust is a layer of rock that Forms Earth’s outer skin. The crust is Earth’s thinnest layer. It is only 5 (on the ocean floor) to 70 (Mt. Everest) kilometers thick.
The Crust
The curst that makes up the ocean floors is called oceanic crust. Oceanic crust is made mostly of a rock called basalt. Basalt is usually dark colored with a fine texture.
The crust that makes up the continents is called the continental crust. Continental crust is made mostly of a rock called granite. Granite is usually light colored with a course texture.
Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust.
The Mantle
The lower mantle is composed of hard rock and extends downward until it reaches the outer core.
Overall, the mantle is nearly 3,000 km thick.
The primary rock composing the mantle is peridotite.