Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

Lecture Notes on Chemical Bonding | CHEM 1075, Study notes of Chemistry

NorthWest Arkansas Community CollegeChemistry
Prof. Beverly A. Kelley

Material Type: Notes; Professor: Kelley; Class: Fundamentals of Chemistry; Subject: SCIENCE/Chemistry; University: NorthWest Arkansas Community College; Term: Unknown 1989;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/18/2009

koofers-user-utf
koofers-user-utf 🇺🇸

5

(1)

10 documents

1 / 6

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Chem 1075 Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Lecture Outline
Slide 2 Chemical Bond Concept
• Recall that an atom has ___________and _________________electrons.
• Core electrons are found _________________ to the nucleus.
• Valence electrons are found in the ________________________ s and p energy subshells.
• It is ___________________ electrons that are responsible for holding two or more atoms together
in a _______________________________________.
Slide 3 Octet Rule
• The _________________________ states that atoms bond in such a way so that each atom
acquires _____________ electrons in its outer shell.
• There are two ways in which an atom may achieve an octet.
(a) By _____________________of electrons from one atom to another
(b) By _________________________ one or more pairs of electrons
Slide 4 Types of Bonds
• Ionic Bonds are formed from the ___________________________________ of electrons between
atoms to form ________________ compounds.
• Covalent Bonds are formed when two atoms __________________ electrons to form
____________________________________compounds.
Slide 5 Ionic Bonds
• An ionic bond is formed by the _____________________ between
____________________ charged cations and _________________
charged anions.
• This ______________________________________is similar to the
attraction between opposite poles on two magnets.
Slide 6 Ionic Bonds
• The ionic bonds formed from the combination of anions and cations
are _____________________________ and result in the formation of
a rigid, ________________________ structure. The structure for
____________ ordinary table salt, is shown here.
PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.pdffactory.com
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download Lecture Notes on Chemical Bonding | CHEM 1075 and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Chem 1075 Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Lecture Outline

Slide 2 Chemical Bond Concept

  • Recall that an atom has ___________and _________________electrons.
  • Core electrons are found _________________ to the nucleus.
  • Valence electrons are found in the ________________________ s and p energy subshells.
  • It is ___________________ electrons that are responsible for holding two or more atoms together in a _______________________________________.

Slide 3 Octet Rule

  • The _________________________ states that atoms bond in such a way so that each atom acquires _____________ electrons in its outer shell.
  • There are two ways in which an atom may achieve an octet. (a) By _____________________of electrons from one atom to another (b) By _________________________ one or more pairs of electrons

Slide 4 Types of Bonds

  • Ionic Bonds are formed from the ___________________________________ of electrons between atoms to form ________________ compounds.
  • Covalent Bonds are formed when two atoms __________________ electrons to form ____________________________________compounds.

Slide 5 Ionic Bonds

  • An ionic bond is formed by the _____________________ between ____________________ charged cations and _________________ charged anions.
  • This ______________________________________is similar to the attraction between opposite poles on two magnets.

Slide 6 Ionic Bonds

  • The ionic bonds formed from the combination of anions and cations are _____________________________ and result in the formation of a rigid, ________________________ structure. The structure for ____________ ordinary table salt, is shown here.

Slide 7 Formation of Cations

  • _________________ are formed when an atom _____________ valence electrons to become __________________________ charged.
  • Most main group ______________ achieve a noble gas electron configuration by _____________ their valence electrons and are _________________________ with a noble gas.
  • Magnesium (Group IIA/2) loses its __________ valence electrons to become Mg2+.
  • A magnesium ion has __________ (12–2=10e-) and is isoelectronic with _________.
  • See also Ch.6 Slide 25 for discussion of Positive Ionic Charge

Slide 8 Formation of Cations

  • We can use electron dot formulas to look at the formation of ____________________.
  • Each of the metals in Period 3 form cations by losing 1, 2, or 3 electrons, respectively. Each metal atom becomes ____________________________ with the preceding noble gas, ___________.

Slide 9 Formation of Anions

  • _________________ are formed when an atom ______________electrons and becomes ________________ charged.
  • Most ___________________ achieve a noble gas electron configuration by __________________ electrons to become _________________________ with a noble gas.
  • Chlorine (Group VIIA/17) gains ________valence electron and becomes Cl–.
  • A chloride ion has 18 electrons (17 + 1 = 18 e-) and is isoelectronic with ___________________.
  • See also Ch.6 Slide 26 for discussion of Negative Ionic Charge

Slide 10 Formation of Anions

  • We can also use electron dot formulas to look at the formation of _____________________.
  • The nonmetals in Period 3 gain 1, 2, or 3 electrons, respectively to form anions. Each nonmetal ion is ___________________________with the following noble gas, ________________.
  1. CO 2 5. HCN (C is central) 6. PCl 5
  2. NO 3 1-^ 8. ClO 2 1-^ 9. Cl 2 CO (C is central)

Slide 16 Polar Covalent bonds

  • _____________________ bonds result from the __________________ of valence electrons.
  • Often, the two atoms do not share the electrons ________________. One of the atoms holds on to the electrons _______________________________ than the other.
  • When one of the atoms holds the shared electrons more tightly, the bond is __________________.
  • A __________________________________________ is one in which the electrons are ________ shared equally.

Slide 17 Electronegativity

  • Each element has an innate ______________ to ___________________valence electrons.
  • _____________________________is the ability of an atom to ____________________________ in a chemical _______________.
  • Linus Pauling devised a method for measuring the electronegativity of each of the elements.
  • Fluorine is the _________________ electronegative element.

Slide 18 Electronegativity

Slide 19 Electronegativity Differences

  • The electronegativity of H is ______ and of Cl is _______.
  • Since there is a _____________________________ in electronegativity between the two elements (___________________), the bond in H – Cl is polar.
  • Since Cl is ______________ electronegative, the bonding electrons are attracted ______________ the Cl atom and _______________ from the H atom. This will give the Cl atom a _____________ ____________________ charge and the H atom a _______________________________________ charge.

Slide 20 Delta Notation for Polar bonds

  • We use the Greek letter delta, δ, to indicate a ________________ bond.
  • The ______________________ charged atom is indicated by the symbol _______, and the __________________________ charged atom is indicated by the symbol _______. This is referred to as ________________________________________ for polar bonds.

δ+ H – Cl δ–

Slide 21 Delta Notation for Polar bonds

  • The hydrogen halides, HF, HCl, HBr, and HI all have _____________ _______________________ bonds.
  • The halides are all ________________ electronegative than hydrogen and are designated with a ________.

Slide 22 Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

  • What if two atoms in a covalent bond have the __________________ _______________________electronegativities?
  • The bond is__________polarized and it is a _____________________ _____________________________________. If the electronegativity difference is ___________________________, it is usually considered a _______________________bond.
  • The diatomic halogen molecules have __________________________ ____________________ bonds.