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Infant Development: Reflexes, Senses, and Motor Skills, Quizzes of Developmental Psychology

Definitions and descriptions of various reflexes, senses, and motor skills that develop in infants from birth to the first year of life. Topics include regular sleep, irregular sleep, drowsiness, alert inactivity, alert activity, crying, survival reflexes, primitive reflexes, gross-motor development, fine-motor development, newborn senses, and intermodal perception. The document also touches upon the importance of visual and auditory stimuli in infant development.

Typology: Quizzes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 03/12/2013

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TERM 1
regular sleep
DEFINITION 1
baby is still with eyes closed and unmoving; breathing is slow
and irregular (8-9 hours)
TERM 2
irregular sleep
DEFINITION 2
baby's eyes are closed but can exhibit REM; jerk or grimace
to stimulation; breathing is irregular (8-9 hours)
TERM 3
drowsiness
DEFINITION 3
baby is falling asleep or waking up; breathing is regular but
faster than regular sleep; (0.5-3 hours)
TERM 4
alert inactivity
DEFINITION 4
baby's eyes are wide open, exploring the environment, body
is inactive; breathing is even (2-3 hours)
TERM 5
alert activity
DEFINITION 5
baby's eyes are open and breathing is irregular; may become
fussy and exhibit spurts of diffuse motor activity (1-3 hours)
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regular sleep

baby is still with eyes closed and unmoving; breathing is slow

and irregular (8-9 hours)

TERM 2

irregular sleep

DEFINITION 2

baby's eyes are closed but can exhibit REM; jerk or grimace

to stimulation; breathing is irregular (8-9 hours)

TERM 3

drowsiness

DEFINITION 3

baby is falling asleep or waking up; breathing is regular but

faster than regular sleep; (0.5-3 hours)

TERM 4

alert inactivity

DEFINITION 4

baby's eyes are wide open, exploring the environment, body

is inactive; breathing is even (2-3 hours)

TERM 5

alert activity

DEFINITION 5

baby's eyes are open and breathing is irregular; may become

fussy and exhibit spurts of diffuse motor activity (1-3 hours)

crying

intense crying accompanied by high levels of motor activity,

may be difficult to stop (1-3 hours)

TERM 7

breathing reflex (survival)

DEFINITION 7

repetitive inhalation and exhalation; provides oxygen and

gets rid of carbon dioxide (permanent reflex)

TERM 8

eye-blink reflex (survival)

DEFINITION 8

closing or blinking of eyes; protects eyes from light or foreign

objects (permanent reflex)

TERM 9

pupillary reflex (survival)

DEFINITION 9

constriction of pupils to bright light and dilation to darkness;

adapts the visual system to low illumination and protects

from bright light (permanent reflex)

TERM 10

rooting reflex (survival)

DEFINITION 10

turning of head in response to cheek stimulus; orients baby

to breast/bottle, disappears after first few weeks and is

replaced by voluntary movement

swimming reflex (primitive)

immersion in water causes arm and leg movements and an

involuntary holding of breath to stay afloat; disappears within

the first 4-6 months

TERM 17

stepping reflex (primitive)

DEFINITION 17

infants held upright will try to walk when feet touch a

surface; unless regular opportunities to practice the reflex, it

will disappear within the first 8 weeks of life

TERM 18

gross-motor development

DEFINITION 18

crawling, standing, & walking

TERM 19

fine-motor development

DEFINITION 19

grasping and reaching

TERM 20

newborn taste preference

DEFINITION 20

sweet; they learn to develop a fancy for other tastes quickly

newborn sense of

odor

can locate odors and identify mother by smell at birth; have

preferences at birth

TERM 22

newborn sense of

hearing

DEFINITION 22

-prefer mother's voice over other women-discriminate sound

by loudness, duration, direction, & frequency-sensitive to

phonemes even better than adults are-hearing loss can

adversely affect development

TERM 23

sense of musical phrasing

DEFINITION 23

4-7 months

TERM 24

"screen-out" sounds from non-native

language

DEFINITION 24

6-8 months

TERM 25

recognize familiar words

DEFINITION 25

7-9 months; natural phrasing in native language

basic tenet of Gestaltism

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

TERM 32

Gestalt principles

DEFINITION 32

visual processing occurs by emergence; we impose visual

organization on stimuli-figure ground-continuity-closure

TERM 33

oral-visual perception

DEFINITION 33

1 month old show it weakly

TERM 34

intermodal matching between vision and

hearing

DEFINITION 34

4 months old

TERM 35

match tactile and visual sensations

DEFINITION 35

4-6 months of age

visual cliff

infants can integrate a face + voice faster than voice only

which is faster than face only

TERM 37

intersensory redundancy hypothesis

DEFINITION 37

amodal at birth to temporal synchrony to multimodal stimuli

experience leads to intermodal perception

TERM 38

intermodal perception

DEFINITION 38

integration of information gathered from two or more stimuli

of different sensory modes

TERM 39

Pascalis et al (2002)

DEFINITION 39

habituation effects; 6 month olds distinguish between human

and monkey faces equally well whereas 9 month olds can

distinguish between human faces better than monkey faces