Lecture 4 Macrobiology, Lecture notes of Biology

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Protists

Ch 28

Protists Are Eukaryotes

• (^) Diet
  • (^) Autotroph
  • (^) Heterotroph
  • (^) Mixotroph

Protist Phylogenetic Tree

Supergroup Excavata

• Excavated grooves (some)
• (^) Diplomonads
  • (^) Mitosomes
  • Two nuclei, multiple flagella
  • (^) Giardia intestinalis
• (^) Parabasalids
  • (^) Hydrogenosomes
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
• (^) Euglenozoans
  • Crystalline rod along MT in flagella
  • (^) Diverse
    • Kinetoplastids - Trypanosoma
    • Euglenids - Euglena

SAR: Stramenopiles

• (^) “Straw hair”
  • (^) Long, hairy flagellum and shorter, smooth one
• (^) Diatoms
  • Silicon dioxide wall
  • Highly diverse and numerous
  • Photosynthetic
• (^) Golden algae
  • (^) Part of plankton
  • (^) Photosynthetic, some mixotrophs
• Brown algae
  • (^) Largest, most complex algae
  • All multicellular, most marine
  • No true tissues/organs – not plants

Alternation of generations

Plasmodium (an apicomplexan) life cycle

Paramecium caudatum life and structure

Supergroup: Archaeplastida

• (^) Photosynthetic
• (^) Red algae (Rhodophytes)
  • (^) Different shades at different depths
  • (^) Most multicellular
• (^) Green algae
  • Charophytes – close to plants
  • (^) Chlorophytes
    • (^) Unicellular, colonial, multicellular, coenocytic
    • (^) Complex reproduction
      • (^) Some do alternation of generations
• (^) Plants

Chlamydomonas life cycle

Slime molds

Protists in Ecology

• (^) Symbiotic protists
  • (^) Photosynthetic dinoflagellates and coral
  • (^) Hypermastigotes and termites
  • (^) Phytophthora and Sudden Oak Death
• (^) Photosynthetic protists