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Six Sigma Study Guide Complete Overview with
Key Concepts and 151 Practice Questions and
Answers
The use of station warning lights, tool boards, and jidohka devices in the application of Lean accomplish which of these principles? A. Pilferage Minimization B. Visual Factory C. Management Awareness D. Operator Attentiveness B. Visual Factory A Lean Principle that addresses efficiency by the process worker is called ______? A. Visual Factory B. Supervising C. Training D. Standardizing D. Standardizing While management of a company must set the stage for all improvement efforts, which of these 5S's is primarily driven by management? A. Straighten B. Sort C. Shine D. Sustain D. Sustain As part of a Visual Factory plan cards are created and utilized to identify areas in need of cleaning and organization. A. Kanban B. Kaizen
C. Poke-Yoke D. WhoSai A. Kanban The use of Kanbans work best with pull systems for determining the timing of which products or services are produced. A. True B. False A. True When a Belt applies the practices of Poka-Yoke to project challenge, she is attempting to make certain the activity is... A. Well documented B. Removed from the line C. Mistake proofed D. Highly visible C. Mistake Proofed The Lean Principle action in the 5S approach that deals with having those items needed regularly at hand and those items need less regularly stored out of the way is known as.... A. Shining B. Standardizing C. Sustaining D. Sorting D. Sorting SPC on the outputs is more preferred than SPC on the inputs when implementing SPC for your process. A. True B. False B. False
C. A process is in Statistical Control before implementation of SPC. D. The Control Limits are wider than the customer specification limits. D. The Control Limits are wider than the customer specification limits. If a process has Outliers, which pair of charts is most preferable if subgroups will exist for the Continuous Data? A. Individual - Moving Range B. Xbar- R Charts C. Xbar - S Charts D. nP and P Charts B. Xbar-R Charts After a Belt has put data through the smoothing process, which chart would be used to look for trends in the data? A. Moving Average Chart B. Multi-Vari Chart C. X bar Chart D. Pareto Chart A. Moving Average Chart A Belt concludes a Lean Six Sigma project with the creation of a Control Plan. At what point can the Control Plan be closed? A. Never, a Control Plan is a living document. B. As soon as the Champion signs off. C. Within 30 days of the LSS project review team meeting. D. After the project has been presented at the recognition event. A. Never, a Control Plan is a living document. When analyzing a data set we frequently graph one metric as a function of another. If the slope of the Correlation line is -2.5 we would say that the two metrics are _______ correlated. A. Positively B. Not
C. Negatively D. None C. Negatively Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) is best used when which of those are applicable? (Note: There are 3 correct answers). A. Non-linear relationships between the inputs X's and output Y. B. Uncertainty in the slope of the linear relationship between an X and a Y. C. Relationships between Y (output) and more than one X (Input). D. Preventing the use of a Designed Experiment if unnecessary. E. We assume that the X;s are independent of eachother. C. D. and E. Fractional Factorial designs for an experimental approach are used when _____ about the multiple metric interaction in a process. A. Much is known B. Little is known C. We don't care D. Data exists B. Little is known A Belt will occasionally do a quick experiment referred to as an OFAT which stands for __________. A. Only a Few Are Tested B. Opposite Factors Affect Technique C. One Factor At a Time D. Ordinary Fractional Approach Technique C. One Factor At a Time The Regression Model for an observed value of Y contains the term? or which represents the Y axis intercept when X = 0. A. True B. False
C. Box Plot D. Whisker B. Multi-Vari A primary benefit of using a Multi-Vari Chart is it provides a visual presentation of two way interactions. A. True B. False A. True ________ distributions occur when data comes from several sources that are supposed to be the same yet are not. A. Skewed B. Bimodal C. Gaussian D. Tri-peaked A. Skewed Bias in sampling is an error due to lack of independence among random samples or due to systematic sampling procedures. A. True B. False A. True To draw inferences about a sample population being studied by modeling patterns of data in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations is known as _________. A. Influential Analysis B. Inferential Statistics C. Physical Modeling D. Sequential Inference B. Inferential Statistics
For a Normal Distribution, the mean median and mode are the same data point. A. True B. False A. True When two Inputs have an impact on the Output together yet seem to have no or little impact on their own this is called a/an _______. A. Interaction B. Oddity C. Coincidence D. Impossibility A. Interaction Hypothesis Testing can save time and help avoid high costs of experimental efforts by using existing data. A. True B. False A. True It is a Type II error if we decide to reject the Null Hypothesis when it is actually true. A. True B. False B. False A Belt experienced an Alpha of .05 and a Beta of .10 and knew these are the most common risk levels when running a Statistical test. A. True B. False A. True Inferential Statistics is largely about Significance. There are both Practical and Statistical significance to consider during an analysis of data in a Lean Six Sigma.
B. False B. False When a Belt is analyzing sample data she should keep in mind that 95% of Normally Distributed data is within +/- 2 standard deviations of the mean. A. True B. False A. True The standard deviation for the distribution of means is called the _____ and approaches zero as the sample size reaches 30. A. Standard Error B. Mean Deviation C. Mean Spread D. Mean Error A. Standard Error Due to excessive pollution, GREEN Solutions Inc. is considering subsidizing public transportation to work for its employees. According to the manager it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a standard deviation of 7 minutes for the employees to get to work while they use their personal vehicles for their office commute while the management set a policy of not more than 40 minutes for their daily one-way commute. A survey conducted one day on 70 employees showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public system with a standard deviation of 21 minutes. Assuming a normal distribution for the commute times by either personal or public transportation, which of these is true: A. The probability that they would on time using personal vehicles is much higher than using the metro public transportation system (MPTS). B. The probability that they would arrive on time using the MPTS is much hig B. The probability that they would arrive on time using the MPTS is much higher than using their personal vehicles. According to a manager, it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a standard deviation of 7 minutes for the employees to get to work when they use their personal vehicles for their office commute while management set a policy of not more than 40 minutes for their daily one-way commute. A survey conducted one day on 70 employees showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public transportation system with a Standard Deviation of 21
minutes. For the employees choosing to increase their chances to come on time using personal transportation their variation should be reduced to _____? A. 1 minute B. 6 minutes C. 3.5 minutes D. Eliminate it to 0 minutes C. 3.5 minutes. According to a manager, it takes an average weekday commute of 39 minutes with a standard deviation of 7 minutes for the employees to get to work when they use their personal vehicles for their office commute while management set a policy of not more than 40 minutes for their daily one-way commute. A survey conducted one day on 70 employees showed an average of 34 minutes commuting time using the metro public transportation system with a Standard Deviation of 21 minutes. If the standard deviation is uncontrollable then the other option to increase the probability of coming in on time via personal vehicles to work could be ____________. A. Increase the average time of commute B. Maintain the average time of commute and change route to work C. Reduce average commute time to work by departing earlier D. Change policy at work and request for flexible times based on location. C. Reduce average commute time to work by departing earlier. Which of the following is used to test the significance for the analysis of a variance table? A. t Test B. F Test C. Chi Square Test D. Acid Test B. F Tes Non-parametric testing is done when which of these are applicable? (Note: There are 3 correct answers). A. When the traditional t tests don't produce the results we need B. A Hypothesis Test for the median of the population is in question. C. It does not require data to come from normally distributed populations D. They look at the median rather than the mean of populations
Hypothesis Tests determine the probabilities of differences between observed data and the hypothesis being solely due to chance. This is determined based on the result of the ________. A. Random acts B. P-values C. Standard Deviations D. R- Values B. P-values It is a Type I error if we reject the Null Hypothesis when it is actually true. A. True B. False A. True Inferential Statistics is largely about Significance. There are both Practical and _________ significance to consider during an analysis of data in a Lean Six Sigma. A. Problematic B. Impractical C. Usable D. Statistical D. Statistical A 1-Sample t-test is used to compare an expected population Mean to a target. A. True B. False A. True Unequal Variances can be the result of differing types of distributions. A. True B. False A. True Contingency Tables are used to do which of these? (Note: There are 2 correct answers).
A. Illustrate one-tail proportions. B. Compare more than two sample proportions with each other. C. Contrast the Outliers under the tail D.Analyze the "what if" scenario. E. Applicable to data that is Attribute in nature. B, E. For the data shown here a Belt suspects the three grades are supplying the same results. Which statement(s) are true for proper Hypothesis Testing? A. The most appropriate Central tendency to test is the Means. B. An appropriate test to test Central Tendency is the Levene's test. C. An appropriate test to test Central Tendency is the ANOVA test D. An appropriate test to test Central Tendency is the Mood's Median test. D. An appropriate test to test Central Tendency is the Mood's Median test. The higher the sigma level of a process the better the performance. A. True B. False A. True The Six Sigma methodology had its origins at ________ in the late 1980's when William Smith coined the name for quality related work being done there. A. Motorola B. Allied Signal C. General Electric D. Honeywell A. Motorola Training cost is $4,000 and a project required an initial investment of $30,000. If the project yields monthly savings of $2,000 beginning after 3 months, what is the payback period in months (before money costs and taxes)? A. 10
B. False A. True Customers make a purchase decision based on a number of factors. In Lean Six Sigma we refer to these decision points as CTQ's or as ________. A. Critical-to-quality B. Conscious thought qualities C. Conspicuous time quandaries D. Cost of the quantity A. Critical-to-quality Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) can be classified as Tangible (Visible) Costs and Hidden Costs A. True B. False A. True An employee of ACME Corporation noticed that every loan application that gets approved is copied four times and is stored in different locations in the company for no apparent reason. This would be an example of ________. A. Internal Failure Costs B. Appraisal Costs C. External Failure Costs D. Prevention Costs A. Internal Failure Costs The 80:20 rule is associated with which of these tools? A. Pareto Chart B. Simon's Cross-Functional Tool C. SIPOC D. Framing Tool A. Pareto Chart
One of the metrics commonly used in Lean Six Sigma is DPU. The acronym stands for _________. A. Deferred planned usage B. Defects per unit C. Decreased production utilization D. Downtime per unit B. Defects per unit According to the definition of Rolled Throughput Yield which of these items best describe the purpose of RTY? A. A function of Y=f(x) B. Accounts for losses due to rework and scrap C. Isolates the increase throughput D. Determines incremental growth B. Accounts for losses due to rework and scrap What is the Cycle Time, in seconds, for a process having a Throughput of 7,200 units per hour? A. 0. B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 A. 0. The following Business Case is constructed properly: "In business unit A there are too many flashlight returns and flashlight sales have decreased by 25 percent. A. True B. False B. False To create standardization of financial benefit calculations project savings are typically based on savings over what period of time? A. 6 months B. 12 months
Which element of waste best describes "the cost of an idle resource"? A. Waiting B. Motion C. Inventory D. Correction A. Waiting The proper functioning of a Visual Factory is dependent upon which of these? A. Technically skilled workers B. Work space with active 5S C. Availability of visual tools D. Breakthrough projects C. Availability of visual tools Lean focuses on the sequence of activities and work required to produce a product or service. This flow is called a... A. Value-add Flow B. Production Map C. Value Stream D. Operating Procedure C. Value Stream Lean Enterprise is based on the premise that anywhere work is being done which is also occurring? A. Money is being spent B. Waste is being generated C. People are producing value added product D. Waste is being eliminated B. Waste is being generated When constructing a Fishbone Diagram using this approach is the most classic arrangement.
A. 6M
B. 4M
C. 5M
D. Alphabetical A. 6M The 5 Why Analysis is only useful if the possible independent variable can be broken down into five possible causes. A. True B. False B. False The purpose of a Process Map is to identify the complexity of the process and to assist in identifying critical steps in the process. A. True B. False A. True The very best way to begin an effort to map a process is to do which of these? A. Interview the process owner B. Interview the manager of the department C. Walk the actual process from beginning to end D. Take pictures of the factory floor at each shift C. Walk the actual process from beginning to end The X-Y Diagram is a tool used to identify/collate potential X's and assess their relative impact on multiple Y's. A. True B. False A. True The term FMEA is an abbreviation for Failures Measure Effective Automation.
