Las Cefalosporinas como ATB, Summaries of Plant pathology

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Cephalosporins

 Fármacos β-lactámicos que inhiben la

síntesis de la pared celular, pero son

menos susceptibles a las

penicilinasas. Bactericida.

 Los organismos que normalmente no

están cubiertos por las cefalosporinas

de 1.ª a 4.ª generación son LAME :

L isteria, A típicos (clamidia,

micoplasma), M RSA y

E nterococos.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins Adverse effects

Cephalosporins Mechanism of resistance

Cephalosporins Question 1: A 65-year-old male presents with fever, cough, and sputum production. Chest X-ray reveals pneumonia. Sputum Gram stain shows Gram-negative rods. Which of the following cephalosporins would be most appropriate for empiric treatment? (A) Cefazolin (B) Cefuroxime (C) Ceftriaxone (D) Cefepime (E) Ceftaroline

Cephalosporins Answer: (C) Ceftriaxone Explanation: Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin with good activity against Gram- negative bacteria, including many that cause pneumonia, such as Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cefazolin (A) is a first-generation cephalosporin with better activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Cefuroxime (B) is a second-generation cephalosporin that may have some activity against H. influenzae, but is less potent than third-generation agents. Cefepime (D) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with broader Gram-negative coverage and enhanced activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but is generally reserved for more severe infections or those with suspected resistance. Ceftaroline (E) is a fifth- generation cephalosporin with activity against MRSA, but not the most appropriate initial choice for typical pneumonia.

Cephalosporins Answer: (E) Ceftriaxone Explanation: The Gram-negative diplococci are likely Neisseria meningitidis, a common cause of bacterial meningitis. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin with excellent penetration into the CSF and is a primary choice for empiric treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis. Cefazolin (A) is a first-generation cephalosporin with poor CSF penetration. Ceftaroline (B) is a fifth-generation cephalosporin with good gram-positive coverage but may not be the best choice for meningitis. Cefoxitin (C) is a cephamycin (a subgroup of cephalosporins) with limited CSF penetration. Ceftazidime (D) is another third-generation cephalosporin with good Gram-negative coverage, but it is generally used when Pseudomonas is suspected.

Cephalosporins Question 3: Which cephalosporin is most likely to be effective against an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing E. coli urinary tract infection? (A) Cefazolin (B) Cefuroxime (C) Ceftriaxone (D) Cefepime (E) Ceftaroline

Cephalosporins Question 4: A 72-year-old patient with a history of penicillin allergy is admitted to the hospital with a severe skin and soft tissue infection. Which of the following cephalosporins is contraindicated due to cross-reactivity with penicillin? (A) Cefazolin (B) Ceftaroline (C) Cefepime (D) Ceftriaxone (E) Cefuroxime

Cephalosporins Answer: (A) Cefazolin Explanation: Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin that has the highest risk of cross- reactivity with penicillin due to its structural similarity.