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INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST 2025 ALREADY GRADED A+
Five levels of human needs.. - ANSWERS-1. Survival (Physiological)
- Safety
- Love (Belonging)4. Satisfying relationships (Esteem)
- Creativity, self-expression, and achievement. (Self-actualization) Primal Stress - ANSWERS--Physically manifested -acute -requires a fight or flight response-body does not identify the source of physical fear.
Examples of primal stress - ANSWERS-public speaking lack of food Fight or flight - ANSWERS-The body's response to danger Coping with stress - ANSWERS-Finding a good balance is key to mental andemotional health.
Life Skills - ANSWERS-Note takingStudy skills Test Taking Time ManagementGoal Setting Critical thinking Communication Skills
By product of x-ray tube energy conversion - ANSWERS->99% heat <1% x-radiation
1 x-ray photon= - ANSWERS-1000's light photons Photon - ANSWERS-Value of electromagnetic radiation Purpose of an intensifying screen - ANSWERS-Reduce patient exposure Intensifying screen is coated with what emulsion on both sides - ANSWERS-Gelatin, silver compounds, protective coating
What are the two components of the x-ray tube? - ANSWERS-Anode & Cathode What is needed to create x-rays? - ANSWERS-1. Source of electrons2. Means to accelerate the electrons
- Means to bring electrons to a sudden stop Cathode has a filament which contains... - ANSWERS-A thermionic cloud ofelectrons
When the filament is heated and electrons are emitted - ANSWERS-ThermionicEmission
Law of Energy Conversion - ANSWERS-Energy cannot be created or destroyed,ONLY converted from one type of energy to another
Processed film = - ANSWERS-Permanent record and legal document Spot film - ANSWERS-Still photo from fluoro Computed tomography - ANSWERS-Provides cross sectional views of the body Gantry - ANSWERS-X-ray tube and detectors on circular path in CT MRI - ANSWERS-Exposed to a magnetic field and radio wave transmission PET - ANSWERS-Positron Emission Tomography What is injected into circulatory system for PET scan? - ANSWERS-Radiopharmaceuticals
Radiopharmaceuticals - ANSWERS-Mimic the body's own components PET scan is used to... - ANSWERS-Check function of body organ or system In Nuclear medicine what are introduced? - ANSWERS-Radioisotopes areintroduced
November 8, 1895 - ANSWERS-Date that x-rays were discovered Benjamin Franklin - ANSWERS-Experimented with electricity- invented thelightening rod
Michael Faraday - ANSWERS-Discovered the first method of generatingelectricity by means of motion in a magnetic field
William Watson - ANSWERS-Demonstrated electric current William Crookes - ANSWERS-English physicist, created a vacuum tube (glasstube containing both positive and negative electrodes and induction coil)
Philipp Lenard - ANSWERS-German scientist, discovered the cathode ray December 22, 1895 - ANSWERS-Date of first x-Ray on Roentgen's wife, Bertha'shand (15 minute exposure)
Early uses of x-rays - ANSWERS-Entertainment, portrait studios, shoe fitting,souvenirs, spirit world, hair removal, medical
Thomas Edison - ANSWERS-Developed the fluoroscope (vitascope) in 1896.Known also for invention of the carbon telephone transmitter and the lightbulb
1896 - ANSWERS-Fluoroscopy was developed in what year? Clarence Dally - ANSWERS-Assistant to Thomas Edison. First x-Ray fatality in theU.S.
William H. Rollins - ANSWERS-Dentist from Boston known as the Father ofRadiation Protection. Designed, made, used, and published a description of an intra-oral cassette and oral fluoroscope (1896). 1901 suggested leaded glasses,leased box over X-ray tube, and covering all areas of body that were not be radiographed. Created filtration and collimation. Gustav Peter Bucky - ANSWERS-Physician who invented the 1st x-Ray grid(1913). Reduced scatter radiation significantly
Hollis Elmer Potter - ANSWERS-1915 began to develop grid further. Introduced amethod of moving the grid to avoid presence of shadows
William D. Coolidge - ANSWERS-1913 invented the vacuum tube allowing formore intense visualization of deep-seated anatomy and tumors
Radiation burns - ANSWERS-Damage to the skin or other tissues caused byexcessive or overexposure to radiation
Radiation infections - ANSWERS-An infection because of neutropenia/weakened immune system from radiation exposure
5 rem (50 mSv) - ANSWERS-Maximum annual effective dose limit foroccupational
0.5 rem (5 mSv) - ANSWERS-Maximum annual effective dose limit for generalpublic
0.1 rem (1 mSv) - ANSWERS-Maximum annual effective dose limit for in training<
0.5 rem (5 mSv) - ANSWERS-Maximum annual effective dose limit for a pregnantworker (in a 9-month period)
0.05 (.5 mSv) - ANSWERS-Maximum annual effective dose limit for a pregnantworker (in any given month)
Time, Distance, and Shielding - ANSWERS-3 main concepts of radiationprotection standards
Time - ANSWERS-_________ of exposure should be kept to a minimum Distance - ANSWERS-_______________ between source and exposed as great aspossible
Shielding - ANSWERS-________________ should be worn or inserted betweenradiation sources and exposed
Scatter radiation from patient - ANSWERS-Major source of exposure to aradiologic technologist
Field of view (FOV) - ANSWERS-Size of the field irradiated ARRT - ANSWERS-American Registry of Radiologic Technologist ASRT - ANSWERS-American Society of Radiologic Technologist ACR - ANSWERS-American College of Radiology History of ARRT - ANSWERS-RSNA + American Roentgen Ray Society = ARRT in 1922 1st certification to Sister M. Beatrice Merrigan 1960 began education programs for other modalities, 1st Nuclear Medcertification in 1963 Radiation Therapy in 1964, Aug. 1980 ARRT moved headquarters to Minnesota. The ARRT organization - ANSWERS-Governed by 9 trustees 5(RT) 4(Physicians).60 Employees. www.arrt.gov
Essentials and Guidelines - ANSWERS-Document specifying the minimumstandards for the accreditation of a program, as approved by JRC.
Joint Review Committee (JRC) - ANSWERS-Group of people appointed bysponsoring organizations to oversee accreditation process.
Licensure - ANSWERS-Process by which a government agency (usually a state)grants permission to individuals to practice their profession.
Registry - ANSWERS-List of individuals holding a certification of a particularprofession.
Sponsoring Organization - ANSWERS-Professional organization that appointsmembers of the joint review committee board.
JRCERT - ANSWERS-1969; 750 programs ARRT - ANSWERS-1922; -encouraging study of radiologic technology, certifying eligible candidates,publish list of registrants.
Professional Societies - ANSWERS-Many organizations in radiological sciences;
-publish professional journals, conduct educational meetings, malpracticeinsurance, scholarships, continuing education.
Common between all societies - ANSWERS--standards -accreditation -imaging departments AHRA - ANSWERS--promotes management -key role in man power ASRT - ANSWERS-1920; -Goals include: maintaining high standards of education, enhance quality ofpatient care, further welfare and socioeconomic.
AAPM - ANSWERS-Organization of radiation physicists. ABR - ANSWERS-1934; Certifies radiologists ACR - ANSWERS--Purposes are to advance the science of radiology, improvepatient care, encourage furthering education. -High standards to better technologists.
Notice that fluroescence was some kind of ray rather than light First Radiographer - images of his wife's hand Married - to Bertha Ludwig in 1872Worked - University of Wurzburg (Physics Dept) Worked with Crooks tube Nobel prize in 1901Died - February 10, 1923
X Ray, a new kind of ray - ANSWERS-Named it x ray since the mathematicalsymbol for the unknown is X
Thomas Edison - ANSWERS-Developed a handled Crooks tube (Vitascope); hediscovered the use of calcium tungstate as screen detector material
Early days - ANSWERS-hard to understand; cannot taste, smell touch or hearrays, For entertainment , circuses and religious use;
Advances - ANSWERS-By 1905 Boston Hospital took control of xray when thenegative side became apparent
Godrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack - ANSWERS-created x ray tube that circlearound the patient in less than 5 mins
New modalities - ANSWERS-Nuclear medicine, MRI, CT, PET, mammogram, andultrasound
Early effects of Radiation - ANSWERS-Burns, infections, swelling, cancer, Edisoncomplained of skin rashes and sore eyes cause him to look at problems radiation caused. Over exposure to electricity Radiation - ANSWERS-Energy that is transmitted by waves through space orthrough a medium( matter). It is both helpful and essential for life.
Energy - ANSWERS-Capacity to operate or work Forms of energy - ANSWERS-Mechanical, electrical, heat, nuclear, andelectromagnetic
Ionization - ANSWERS-Any process by which a neutral atom gains or loses anelectron, thus acquiring a net charge
Sound - ANSWERS-Form of mechanical energy Diagnostic Medical Sonography - ANSWERS-The field of study that createdanatomic images by recording reflected sound waves (nonionizing radiation)
Hippocrates - Greek physician - ANSWERS-Father of Western medicine Hippocrates work - ANSWERS-He believed in natural healing of the body withdiet and exercise. Also high standard of ethical conduct which still governs by physicians today. Romans - ANSWERS-Practiced good public health then neglect sanitary facilitieswhich resulted in plague called Black Death
Early medicine was controlled by - ANSWERS-Religious groups Radiologic Technologist (RT) - ANSWERS-Persons qualified to use xrays orradioactive substances to produceimages of internal parts of the body for interpretation by the Radiologist ARRT - ANSWERS-Credentialing organization for medical imaging, interventionalprocedures and radiation therapy
ARRT programs (740) - ANSWERS-Sponsored by hospitals, colleges anduniversities
ASRT - ANSWERS-American Society for Radiography developed PracticeStandards for Radiography
Cadriovascular interventional Technology (CVIT) - ANSWERS-injecting iodinatedcontrast media for diagnosing diseases of the heart and blood vessels
Mammography - ANSWERS-radiographers can specialize in performingradiologic examination of the breast. 1 in 8 women develop breast cancer. men only 1%. Radiologist Assistant (RA) - ANSWERS-an advanced-level radiographer whoextends the capacity of the radiologist in the diagnostic imaging environment
Nuclear Medicine (125 ARRT programs) - ANSWERS-branch of radiologictechnology that involves the procedures that require the use of radioactive materials for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes - imaging heart, liver or brainusing radopharmaceutical material
Radiation Therapy (120 ARRT programs) - ANSWERS-Technologist administersradiation treatments to patients according to the prescription and instructions of a physician Bone Densitometry - ANSWERS-Diagnose osteoporosis, a graudual loss ofcalcium- condition recognized in menopausal women but can also occur in men
Computed Tomography - ANSWERS-Recording of a predetermined plane in thebody using an xray beam that is measured , recorded and then processed by a computer for display on a monitor
