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INTRODUCTION TO
AMERICAN LAW TEST 1
EXAM WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
LegalbAnalysisb-bcorrectbanswer-Thebprocessbofbapplyingbtheblawbtobspecificbfacts FactbBoundb-bcorrectbanswer- Legalbissuesbareb________bwhenbevenbabminorbchangebinbthebfacebcanbchangebthe boutcome CausebofbActionb-bcorrectbanswer- Abclaimbthat,bbasedbonbtheblawbandbthebfacts,bisbsufficientbtobsupportbablawsuit EnactedbLawb-bcorrectbanswer- Constitutions,bstatutes,bordinances,bandbregulationsbareb__________ Constitutionb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebfundamentalblawbofbabnationborbstatebisbab________ Statuteb-bcorrectbanswer- Ablawbenactedbbybabstateblegislatureborbbybcongressbisbab_______________ Ordinanceb-bcorrectbanswer- Ablawbenactedbbybablocalbgovernment;babsubcategorybofbstatutoryblaw
Regulationb-bcorrectbanswer-Ablawbpromulgatedbbybanbadministrationbagency Mandatorybauthorityb-bcorrectbanswer- Courtbdecisionsbfrombabhigherbcourtbinbthebsamebjurisdiction Persuasivebauthorityb-bcorrectbanswer- Courtbdecisionsbfrombanbequalborblowerbcourtbfrombthebsamebjurisdictionborbfrombab courtbinbabdifferentbjurisdiction Starebdoctisb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebdoctrinebthatbnormallyboncebabcourtbhasbdecidedbanbissue,botherbcourtsbinbtheb samebjurisdictionbinbwillbdecidebthebsamebway. Substantivebfactsb-bcorrectbanswer- Thingsbthatbhappenedbtobthebpartybbeforebtheblitigationbbeganbandbthatbarebrelevant btobtheirbclaims Proceduralbfactsb-bcorrectbanswer- actionsbtakenbbyblowerbcourtsborbadministrativebagenciesbbeforebthebcasebreachedb bybthebcourtbissuingbthebopinionbyoubarebreading Legalbissuesb-bcorrectbanswer- Questionsbaboutbthebinterpretationbandbapplicationbofbtheblaw Dispositionb-bcorrectbanswer-Thebresultbreachedbinbabparticularbcase Affirmb-bcorrectbanswer- Abdecisionbisbaffirmedbwhenbtheblitigantsbappealbthebtrialbcourtbdecisionbandbthebhig herbcourtbagreesbwithbwhatbtheblowerbcourtbhasbdone Reverseb-bcorrectbanswer- Abdecisionbisbreversedbwhenbtheblitigantsbappealbthebrialbcourtbdecisionbandbthebhig herbcourtbdisagreesbwithbwhatbtheblowerbhasbdone Remandb-bcorrectbanswer- Whenbanbappellatebcourtbsendsbabcasebbackbtobthebtrialbcourtbforbabnewbtrialborboth erbaction Concurringbopinionb-bcorrectbanswer- Anbopinionbthatbagreesbwithbthebmajority;sbresultbbutbdisagreesbwithbitsbreasoning Dissentingbopinionb-bcorrectbanswer- Anbopinionbthatbdisagreesbwithbthebmajority'sbdecisionbandbreasoning Casebbriefingb-bcorrectbanswer-Abmethodbforbsummarizingbcourtbopinions Ruleb-bcorrectbanswer- Inbabcasebbrief,bthebgeneralblegalbprinciplebinbexistencebbeforebthebcasebbegan
underlyingbpurposebthatbthebdraftersbhadbinbmindbatbthebtimebtheybwrotebtheblawban dbthebmodern-dayboptionbthatbbestbadvancesbthatbpurpose. ConstitutionalbLawb-bcorrectbanswer- Abbodybofbprinciplesbandbrulesbeitherbexplicitlybstatedbin,borbinferredbfrom,bthebUSbC onstitutionbandbthosebofbthebindividualbstates Separationbofbpowersb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebdivisionbofbgovernmentalbpowerbamongbtheblegislative,bexecutive,bandbjudicialb branches Checksbandbbalancesb-bcorrectbanswer- Divisionbamongbgovernmentalbbranchesbsobthatbeachbbranchbactsbasbabcheckbonbth ebpowerbofbthebotherbtwo Federalismb-bcorrectbanswer- Absystembofbgovernmentbinbwhichbthebauthoritybtobgovernbisbplotbbetweenbabsingle,b nationwidebcentralbgovernmentbandbseveralbregionalbgovernments BillbofbRightsb-bcorrectbanswer- Absystembofbgovernmentbinbwhichbthebauthoritybtobgovernbisbsplitbbetweenbabsingle, bnationwidebcentralbgovernmentbandbseveralbregionalbgovernments Doctrinebofbincorporationb-bcorrectbanswer- Inbconstitutionalblaw,bthebapplicationbofbthebFourteenthbAmendment'sbduebprocessbp rotectionsbtobincorporatebthebprovisionsbofbthebBillbofbRightsbandbmakebthembapplic ablebtobthebstates Powerbofbjudicialbreviewb-bcorrectbanswer- Abcourt'sbpowerbtobreviewbstatutesbtobdecidebifbtheybconformbtobthebUSborbstatebcon stitutions Enablingbactb-bcorrectbanswer- Abstatutebestablishingbandbsettingboutbthebpowersbofbanbadministrativebagency Fourthbbranchbofbgovernmentb-bcorrectbanswer-Administrativebagencies Commonblawb-bcorrectbanswer-Lawbcreatedbbybthebcourts Starebdecisisb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebdoctrinebstatingbthatbnormallyboncebabcourtbhasbdecidedbonebwaybonbabparticul arbissue,bitbandbotherbcourtsbinbthebsamebwaybonbthatbissuebinbfuturebcasesbgivenbsi milarbfacts,bunlessbtheybcanbbebconvincedbofbthebneedbforbchange Codificationbofbcommonblawb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebprocessbofblegislativebenactmentbofbareasbofbtheblawbpreviouslybgovernedbsolel ybbybthebcommonblaw Derogationbofbthebcommonblawb-bcorrectbanswer- Usedbtobdescribeblegislationbthatbchangesbthebcommonblaw
Equityb-bcorrectbanswer-Fairness;babcourt'sbpowerbtobdobjustice Injunctionb-bcorrectbanswer- Abcourtborderbrequiringbabpartybtobperformbabspecificbactborbtobceasebdoingbabspecifi cbact Specificbpreferenceb-bcorrectbanswer- Abrequirementbthatbabpartybfulfillbhisborbherbcontractualbobligations Federalismb-bcorrectbanswer- Absystembofbgovernmentbinbwhichbthebauthoritybtobgovernbisbsplitbbetweenbabsingle, bnationwidebcentralbgovernmentbandbseveralbregionalbgovernmentsbthatbcontrolbspe cificbgeographicalbareas Doctrinebofbimpliedbpowersb-bcorrectbanswer- PowersbnotbstatedbinbthebconstitutionbbutbthatbarebnecessarybforbCongressbtobcarryb outbother,bexpresslybgrantedbpowers Preemptionb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebpowerbofbthebfederalbgovernmentbtobpreventbthebstatesbfrombpassingbconflicting blaws,bandbsometimesbevenbtobprohibitbstatesbfrombanyblawsbonbabparticularbsubject Civilblawb-bcorrectbanswer-Lawbthatbdealsbwithbharmbtobanbindividual Criminalblawb-bcorrectbanswer-Lawbthatbdealsbwithbharmbtobsocietybasbabwhole Plaintiffb-bcorrectbanswer-Abpersonbwhobinitiatesbablawsuit Defendantb-bcorrectbanswer- Inbablawsuitbthebpersonbwhobisbsued;binbabcriminalbcasebthebpersonbwhobisbbeingbch argedbwithbabcrime Beyondbabreasonableb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebstandardbofbproofbusedbinbcriminalbtrials.bThebevidencebpresentedbmustbbebsob conclusivebandbcompletebthatbtherebarebnobreasonablebdoubtsbregardingbthebguiltbof bthebaccused Preponderancebofbthebevidenceb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebstandardbofbproofbmostbcommonlybusedbinbcivilbtrials.bThebevidencebpresentedb mustbprovebthatbisbmoreblikelybthanbnotbthebdefendantbcommittedbthebwrongfulbact Clearbandbconvincingb-bcorrectbanswer- Thebstandardbofbproofbusedbinbsomebcivilbtrialsb.bGreaterbthanbpreponderancebbutble ssbthanbreasonablebdoubt. Damagesb-bcorrectbanswer-Monetarybcompensation Doublebjeopardyb-bcorrectbanswer- Abconstitutionalbprotectionbagainstbbeingbchargedbtwicebforbthebsamebcrime
Legalbfictionb-bcorrectbanswer- Anbassumptionbthatbsomethingbthatbisbnotbrealbisbreal-- bforbexamplebsayingbthatbabcorporationbisbpersonbforbpurposesbofbitsbbeingbablebtobs uebandbbebsued Tortblawb-bcorrectbanswer-Lawbthatbdealsbwithbharmbtobabpersonborbproperty Negligenceb-bcorrectbanswer-Thebfailurebtobactbreasonablybunderbthebcircumstances Contributorybnegligenceb-bcorrectbanswer- Negligencebbybthebplaintiffbthatbcontributedbtobhisborbherbinjuryb.bNormally,banybfindi ngbofb__________bactsbasbabcompletebbarbtobthebplaintiff'sbrecovery Assumptionbofbthebriskb-bcorrectbanswer- Voluntarilybandbknowinglybsubjectingboneselfbtobdanger Comparativebnegligenceb-bcorrectbanswer- Abmethodbforbmeasuringbthebrelativebnegligencebofbthebplaintiffbandbthebdefendant,b withbabcommensuratebsharingbofbthebcompensationbforbthebinjuries Strictbliabilityb-bcorrectbanswer-Liabilitybwithoutbabshowingbofbfault Substantiveblawb-bcorrectbanswer-Lawbthatbcreatesbrightsbandbduties Proceduralblawb-bcorrectbanswer-Lawbthatbregulatesbhowbtheblegalbsystemboperates Staturebofblimitationsb-bcorrectbanswer- Theblawbthatbsetsbtheblengthbofbtimebfrombwhenbsomethingbhappensbtobwhenbablaw suitbmustbbebfiledbbeforebthebrightbtobbringbitbisblost
