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Intro to Astronomy Exam 3 questions with answers, Exams of Astronomy

Intro to Astronomy Exam 3 questions with answers

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2019/2020

Uploaded on 05/14/2020

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Exam III
Physics 1302
1. How did our Sun form within a huge cloud of interstellar gas and dust?
a. A cloud fragmented into smaller objects, forming many stars at once.
b. One star formed; leftover matter formed into planets, moons, asteroids, & comets.
c. Clouds rotated & threw off mass until only enough was left to form one star.
d. Various clouds came together and collided, forming the star.
e. Our Sun did not form in a cloud of interstellar gas and dust.
2. A protostar has become a star once
a. it has begun to give off light.
b. planets have formed around it.
c. it is smaller than its Roche lobe.
d. nuclear fusion has begun.
e. no single criterion makes the difference.
3.Our Sun will shine for a total of about
a. 10 million years.
b. 100 million years.
c. 1 billion years.
d. 10 billion years.
e. 100 billion years.
4.Stars often form within groups known as
a. clans.
b. spiral waves.
c. aggregates.
d. clusters.
e swarms.
5. An object not quite massive enough to start nuclear fusion is a
a. brown dwarf
b. white dwarf.
c. black dwarf.
d. neutron star.
e. pulsar.
6.A star like the Sun begins to evolve away from the main-sequence when
a.The core begins fusing iron into heavier elements.
b. the star fuses carbon into heavier elements.
c. the carbon detonation explodes it as a type I supernova.
d. helium accumulates in the core and the star begins fusing that into carbon.
e. Hard to say; some Sun-like stars evolve off the main sequence while others don’t.
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Exam III Physics 1302

  1. How did our Sun form within a huge cloud of interstellar gas and dust? a. A cloud fragmented into smaller objects, forming many stars at once. b. One star formed; leftover matter formed into planets, moons, asteroids, & comets. c. Clouds rotated & threw off mass until only enough was left to form one star. d. Various clouds came together and collided, forming the star. e. Our Sun did not form in a cloud of interstellar gas and dust.
  2. A protostar has become a star once a. it has begun to give off light. b. planets have formed around it. c. it is smaller than its Roche lobe. d. nuclear fusion has begun. e. no single criterion makes the difference. 3.Our Sun will shine for a total of about a. 10 million years. b. 100 million years. c. 1 billion years. d. 10 billion years. e. 100 billion years. 4.Stars often form within groups known as a. clans. b. spiral waves. c. aggregates. d. clusters. e swarms.
  3. An object not quite massive enough to start nuclear fusion is a a. brown dwarf b. white dwarf. c. black dwarf. d. neutron star. e. pulsar. 6.A star like the Sun begins to evolve away from the main-sequence when a.The core begins fusing iron into heavier elements. b. the star fuses carbon into heavier elements. c. the carbon detonation explodes it as a type I supernova. d. helium accumulates in the core and the star begins fusing that into carbon. e. Hard to say; some Sun-like stars evolve off the main sequence while others don’t.
  1. The speed of light, c , is 3 X 10^8 m/s. An observer on a starship traveling at 0.5c towards a light source would measure the speed of light as a. 4.5 X 10^8 m/s. b. 1.5 X 10^8 m/s. c. 3 X 10^8 m/s. d. -1.5 X 10^8 m/s. e. 0 m/s
  2. Stars in clusters & associations have about the same a. age. b. temperature. c. mass. d. color. e. luminosity.
  3. A key feature of globular clusters is that they have a. very few cool stars. b. mostly older stars. c. lots of massive main sequence stars. d. stars with very different ages. e. high concentrations of globules.
  4. 0.08 solar masses (or 80 Jupiter masses) is a. the mass of a typical white dwarf. b. the mass of a typical neutron star. c. the threshold above which a star will explode. d. the minimum mass necessary for nuclear fusion. e. the mass at which a white dwarf becomes unstable.
  5. A rapidly spinning neutron star is a a. supernova. b. pulsar. c. black hole. d. white dwarf. e. brown dwarf.
  6. The boundary of a black hole is its a. Roche lobe. b. event horizon. c. Chandrasekhar limit. d. surface. e. none of the above; a black hole has no real boundary. 13.The elements heavier than iron form a. in the Big Bang. b. by nucleosynthesis in massive stars. c. in the cores of stars like the Sun. d. within planetary nebulae.

b. iron, formed just before massive stars explode c. odd-numbered nuclei, built with hydrogen fusion d. even-numbered nuclei, built with helium fusion e. none of the above; all elements are about equally common

  1. The source of pressure that makes a neutron star stable is a. electron degeneracy. b. neutron degeneracy. c. thermal pressure from intense core temperatures. d. gravitational pressure. e. helium-carbon fusion.
  2. As they evolve, stars on the H-R diagram a. move up and to the left along the main sequence. b. move down and to the right along the main sequence. c. remain at one position on the main sequence, then move off of it as they become giants. d. move completely off of the diagram. e. move at different speeds depending on their orbits.
  3. A star, no matter what its mass, spends most of its time as a a. planetary nebula b. T Tauri variable star c. main sequence star d. red giant or supergiant e. protostar
  4. The two forces in balance while a star is stable are a. gravity and light. b. gravity and inertia. c. gravity and internal pressure d. gravity and centrifugal force. e. none of the above.
  5. What spectral type of star lasts the longest? a. O b. K c. A d. F e. M
  6. What spectral type of star lasts the shortest amount of time? a. F. b. O c. A d. M e. K
  7. As a star begins to evolve away from the main sequence, it begins to get

a. bigger and hotter. b. smaller and hotter. c. smaller and cooler. d. bigger and cooler e. none of the above; it retains about the same size and temperature.

  1. The heaviest atom stars make through nuclear fusion is a. helium. b. carbon. c. iron. d. hydrogen. e. oxygen.
  2. The heaviest atom our Sun will make through nuclear fusion is a. helium. b. carbon. c. iron. d. hydrogen. e. oxygen.
  3. Our Sun will shine for about how many more years? a. 5 trillion b. 5 billion c. 5 million d. 10 billion e. 10 trillion
  4. Sun-like stars end up as a. novae b. Type I supernovae c. Type II supernovae d. white dwarfs surrounded by planetary nebulae e. black holes
  5. What is a planetary nebula? a. the disc of gas and dust surrounding a young star that will soon form a solar system b. a type of young, medium mass star c. the bipolar jets ejected by a T Tauri variable d. the ejected envelope of a red giant surrounding a white dwarf e. a planet surrounded by a glowing shell of gas
  6. What are black dwarfs? a. pulsars that have slowed down and stopped spinning b. cooled off white dwarfs that no longer glow visibly c. the end result of massive star evolution d. the lowest mass main sequence stars e. objects that are not quite massive enough to be stars
  7. A list of the evolutionary stages of a star like the Sun, in the order they occur, would be a. protostar, main sequence, giant, white dwarf b. white dwarf, main sequence, giant, protostar

e. nothing.

  1. A white dwarf can explode when a. mass falling onto it causes it to exceed 1.44 solar masses. b. its electron degeneracy increases enormously. c. fusion reactions increase in its core. d. iron has formed in its core. e. None of the above; white dwarfs never explode.
  2. The most common element in the whole universe is a. hydrogen b. helium c. carbon d. oxygen e. iron
  3. Which type of main sequence star is most common in the universe? a. O b. B c. A d. G e. M
  4. According to general relativity, massive objects bend rays of light because a. their gravitational force attracts photons. b. light is sucked into a nearby black hole. c. the light begins to orbit the heavy mass. d. massive objects bend space itself, thus the light’s straight path in space is also bent. e. none of the above; massive objects in fact do not bend light.
  5. As a protostar evolves into a star like the Sun, it gets a. bigger and cooler b. bigger and hotter c. smaller and hotter d. smaller and cooler e. In fact, it remains at about the same size and temperature. True/False questions (A=true, B=false)
  6. A black hole sucks in all matter around it. F
  7. All of the single red-dwarf stars that ever formed still exist today. T
  8. Our Sun will eventually explode. F
  9. A planetary nebula is the disk of matter around a star that will eventually form a planetary system. F
  10. In February 2016, astronomers announced the first ever observation of gravitational waves. T
  11. A supernova occurs for a given star only once. T
  1. After about 5 billion more years, our Sun will evolve into a red supergiant. F
  2. A pulsar spins about once a day, like Earth. F
  3. A black hole is much bigger than a star of the same mass. F
  4. Jupiter is almost massive enough to be a star. F For the following questions, refer to figures on the next page. For each question, choose A, B, C, D) none of the above, or E) impossible to tell
  5. Which of the clusters depicted is the youngest? B
  6. Which of the clusters depicted is the oldest? A
  7. Which of the three clusters depicted is intermediate in age? C
  8. Which of the three clusters is a globular cluster? A