Download Integrated Science exam with complete solution and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Integrated Science exam with complete
solution
Some single-celled organisms make copies of themselves through mitosis. Which decribes the function of the cell cycle in such single-celled organisms? reproduction repair growth protection - ANSWER-Reproduction Imagine that a disorder that causes the cell cycle to stop affects the muscle cells of a frog's leg. What consequence is most likely to follow? The frog will not be able to hop using that muscle. An injury to the muscle will not heal. The frog will not be able to reproduce. A broken bone in that leg will not mend. - ANSWER-An injury to the muscle will not heal. Skin cells are lost daily even without injury. Which best describes the purpose of the cell cycle for skin cells in this circumstance? reproduction repair synthesis growth - ANSWER-Reproduction
Each year, about 1.2 million cases of skin cancer are reported worldwide. An increased exposure to environmental conditions is a major link to the increase in cases. Based on this information, which is the best conclusion? Limiting exposure to the sun may increase the chance of skin cancer. Increasing exposure to the sun may reduce the chance of skin cancer. Increasing exposure to the sun will not affect the chance of skin cancer. - ANSWER-Limiting exposure to the sun may reduce the chance of skin cancer. What is the purpose of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle? cell repair cell growth cell reproduction cell division - ANSWER-Cell Growth The diagram shows the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Which stage is labeled E in the diagram? mitosis interphase S phase G0 phase - ANSWER-Interphase The diagram shows the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Which stage is labeled C in the diagram? M phase G0 phase S phase G2 phase - ANSWER-G2 phase At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle does mitosis occur?
The cells are damaged. The cells are cancerous. - ANSWER-The cells are damaged Which can disrupt the cell cycle? mutation G0 phase replication cancer - ANSWER-Mutation What is cancer? addition of new cells to replace damaged cells DNA replication cellular death uncontrolled cell division - ANSWER-Uncontrolled cell division At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle can a DNA mutation occur? G1 phase G2 phase S phase M phase - ANSWER-S phase Which best describes cancer cells? Cancer cells cannot enter the circulatory system. Cancer cells grow controllably. Cancer cells attach to organs. Cancer cells lose nutrients to healthy cells. - ANSWER-Cancer cells attach to organs A mutation occurs that prevents a cell from taking in the glucose that it needs for energy production. What is most likely to happen?
A tumor will form. The cell will divide uncontrollably. The cell will die. Nutrients are stolen from normal cells nearby. - ANSWER-The cell will die The graph shows the rate of malignant melanoma for the years 1973-2004. Based on the information in the graph, which conclusion can be drawn? More cases of cancer were reported over time. More people were out in the sun over time. Women use sunscreen about twice as often as men use sunscreen. The rate of skin cancer has increased in both men and women. - ANSWER-The rate of skin cancer has increased in both men and women The graph shows the rates of malignant melanoma for the years 1973-2004. Based on the information in the graph, what conclusions can be drawn about the rate of skin cancer in men compared to that in women? Skin cancer decreased at a faster rate in men than in women. Skin cancer decreased at a faster rate in women than in men. Skin cancer increased at a faster rate in men than in women. Skin cancer increased at a faster rate in women than in men. - ANSWER-Skin cancer increased at a faster rame in men than in women The table shows the rate of melanoma by gender. (Per 100,00) Yeah of Diagnosis Both sexes Men Women 2005 22.29 27.99 18. 2006 21.92 27.44 18. 2007 27.20 27.20 17. 2008 28.81 28.81 18.
G2 phase - ANSWER-G2 phase At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle does mitosis occur? before the G1 phase after the G2 phase following the S phase after the G0 phase - ANSWER-After the G2 phase An error occurs when the DNA of a cell is copied. However, the cell does not divide after the error is detected. Which statement best describes the cell cycle for this cell? An error during the G1 phase is corrected during the G2 phase. An error during the S phase is corrected during the G2 phase. An error during the G1 phase is corrected during the S phase. An error during the S phase is corrected during mitosis. - ANSWER-An error during the S phase is corrected during the G2 phase. What is the purpose of the cell cycle? DNA replication development of positive mutations prevention of cancer growth, repair, and reproduction of cells - ANSWER-growth, repair, and reproduction of cells Why is a skin graft necessary when cells are damaged by a third-degree burn? to promote the repair of existing cells to protect the area from infection to prevent mutations to replace damaged nerves - ANSWER-to protect the area from infection Which is the main reason cells are replaced in the body? The cells are too large. The cells are inactive. The cells are damaged.
The cells are cancerous. - ANSWER-the cells are damaged Which can disrupt the cell cycle? mutation G0 phase replication cancer - ANSWER-mutation What is cancer? addition of new cells to replace damaged cells DNA replication cellular death uncontrolled cell division - ANSWER-uncontrolled cell division At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle can a DNA mutation occur? G1 phase G2 phase S phase M phase - ANSWER-S phase Which best describes cancer cells? Cancer cells cannot enter the circulatory system. Cancer cells grow controllably. Cancer cells attach to organs. Cancer cells lose nutrients to healthy cells. - ANSWER-Cancer cells attach to organs A mutation occurs that prevents a cell from taking in the glucose that it needs for energy production. What is most likely to happen? A tumor will form. The cell will divide uncontrollably. The cell will die. Nutrients are stolen from normal cells nearby. - ANSWER-The cell will die.
M phase - ANSWER-S phase What is the end result of the eukaryotic cell cycle? no parent cells and two daughter cells one parent cell and two daughter cells two parent cells and one daughter cell one parent cell and one daughter cell - ANSWER-No parent cells and two daughter cells. Which function of the cell cycle is especially important to burn victims? growth of existing cells repair of existing cells protection of new cells reproduction of new cells - ANSWER-Reproduction of new cells A cell begins to send out incorrect chemical signals to neighboring cells. During which phase of the cell cycle did the cause of the change most likely happen? G1 phase G2 phase M phase S phase - ANSWER-S phase Place the four images from the cell cycle in the correct chronological order. A, D, B, C C, D, B, A C, B, A, D B, C, D, A - ANSWER-C,B,A,D During which phase does the cell actually separate into two individual daughter cells?
Prophase Cytokinesis Interphase Metaphase - ANSWER-Cytokinesis If you were to examine a sample of 1000 cells, in which of the phases listed below would you expect to find most of the cells? Interphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase - ANSWER-Interphase Upon examining a sample consisting of 100 cells, you find the following distribution of cell phases. If you know that the cell cycle for this type of cell takes two hours, how long, on average, does the cell spend in prophase? Cell Phase Number of Cells Interphase 54 Prophase 25 Metaphase 8 Anaphase 7 Telophase 6 8 minutes 16 minutes 22 minutes 30 minutes - ANSWER-30 minutes In what part of the cell cycle does the DNA make a copy of itself? Interphase
ozone (O3) hydrogen (H2) water vapor (H2O) sulfur dioxide (SO2) - ANSWER-Water vapor (H2O) Which process connects glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? lactic acid formation acetyl CoA formation electron transport Krebs cycle - ANSWER-acetyl CoA formation After several miles of running and sprinting in intervals, the runner's muscles ache and feel fatigued. Which is the best explanation for what has occurred? The runner's muscles have accumulated lactic acid. The runner's body has failed to perform cellular respiration. The runner's cells are relying completely on aerobic respiration. The runner's muscles have accumulated carbon dioxide. - ANSWER-The runner's muscles have accumulated lactic acid. What role does cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle? It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during glycolysis. It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle. It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation. - ANSWER-It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle. After Frida stops exercising, she continues to breathe heavily. What is most likely occurring in her body? Heavy breathing during exercise has produced an oxygen surplus in her muscles. This oxygen is being transported to her lungs. This is a result of aerobic respiration.
Heavy breathing during exercise has produced a carbon dioxide surplus in her muscles. Lactate is being transported to her liver. This is a result of aerobic respiration. Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in carbon dioxide debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration. Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration. - ANSWER-Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration. Chemical reaction equations, such as the one for photosynthesis, show the reactants and products of a reaction. How does this simplification misrepresent what takes place during the process of photosynthesis? It does not show where in a cell photosynthesis occurs. It does not show how long photosynthesis takes to happen. It does not show that photosynthesis consists of many separate reactions. It does not show the number of molecules required to produce glucose. - ANSWER-It does not show that photosynthesis consists of many separate reactions. If the number of photosynthetic organisms on the earth decreased drastically, which would happen as a result? Less water would be available on the earth's surface. Less solar energy would reach the earth's atmosphere. More oxygen gas would be found in the atmosphere. More carbon dioxide gas would be found in the atmosphere. - ANSWER-More carbon dioxide gas would be found in the atmosphere. If the number of photosynthetic organisms on the earth decreased drastically, which would happen as a result?
They flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to ADP. They build up in the thylakoid, providing energy to break apart ATP molecules. They build up in the thylakoid, where they bond to each other to create ATP. They flow out of the thylakoid, where they stimulate enzymes to break apart ATP.
- ANSWER-They flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to ADP. Which statement correctly compares and contrasts the three stages of cellular respiration that occur in the presence of oxygen? Each stage occurs in the mitochondria, but only the final stage produces ATP. Each stage produces ATP, but only the third stage occurs in the mitochondria. Each stage produces ATP, but only the first stage occurs in the cytoplasm. Each stage occurs in the cytoplasm, but only the final stage produces ATP. - ANSWER-Each stage produces ATP, but only the first stage occurs in the cytoplasm. Which statement explains how ATP and its phosphate groups are related to the energy that is used in plant processes? ADP loses a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars. ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars. ADP loses a phosphate group to create ATP; this process instantly releases energy for making sugars. ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP; this process results from sugar production. - ANSWER-ADP gains a phosphate group to create ATP, which stores energy for making sugars. During which step of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced? Krebs cycle
glycolysis photosynthesis electron transport chain - ANSWER-electron transport chain Photosynthesis is an example of an exothermic chemical reaction in which plants use sunlight to make glucose and oxygen. T/F - ANSWER-F In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred from a. the reactants to the surroundings. c. one reactant to another. b. the surroundings to the reactants. d. the container to the chemicals. - ANSWER-A One of the signs a chemical reaction is taking place - ANSWER-Color change The diagram below shows the energy conversions of the Krebs cycle, which is part of cellular respiration. The U-shaped arrows that show changes for NAD+, FAD, and ADP molecules represent energy conversions. From each glucose molecule, two acetyl-CoA molecules are made for the Krebs cycle. How many energy conversions occur when both acetyl-CoA molecules go through the Krebs cycle? 5 6 10 12 - ANSWER- Which statement correctly distinguishes photosynthesis and respiration? Photosynthesis occurs in animal cells and not plant cells.
the number of oxygen atoms in each oxygen molecule the number of oxygen atoms needed to balance the equation - ANSWER-the number of oxygen atoms in each oxygen molecule What are the requirements for photosynthesis to occur, and what is the role of ATP in this reaction? Water, oxygen, and chemical energy are required, and ATP is changed to ADP. Water, carbon dioxide, and electrical energy are required, and ATP is produced. Water, phosphate group, and thermal energy are required, and ATP is lost. Water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight are required, and ATP is produced. - ANSWER-Water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight are required, and ATP is produced. Which organisms in the chart can produce ATP by photosynthesis? Organism Cells contain chloroplasts Algae X Amoebas Mushrooms Oak trees X Bermuda grass X All of these organisms produce ATP by photosynthesis. None of these organisms produce ATP by photosynthesis. Only amoebas and mushrooms produce ATP by photosynthesis. Only algae, oak trees, and Bermuda grass produce ATP by photosynthesis. - ANSWER-Only algae, oak trees, and Bermuda grass produce ATP by photosynthesis. A change of color is a sign that a chemical reaction is taking place. T/F - ANSWER-T What happens in a chemical reaction?
a. Atoms are destroyed. c. Molecules are created. b. Atoms are created. d. Atoms are rearranged. - ANSWER-D Chemical reaction that releases energy, usually as heat - ANSWER-Exothermic Which organism would be the best subject for a study of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration? a green plant a chemosynthetic bacterium an animal that eats plants an animal that eats animals - ANSWER-A green plant An important difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis is that when cellular respiration begins, glucose molecules are split. However, when photosynthesis begins ADP molecules are split. water molecules are split. oxygen molecules are split. carbon dioxide molecules are split. - ANSWER-Water molecules are split Which label in the graphic represents the energy that is released from glucose by cellular respiration? Oxygen Glucose Energy stored as ATP
