"Industrial Load Management System Using MQTT Protocol for Real-Time Energy Optimization ", Thesis of Industrial management

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the ferrite core means that it might easily be broken, thus destroying the CT. You should only clamp the CT to the cable or busbar if the housing is specifically designed to do so. Similarly, a ring-core CT should never be forced onto a cable that is too large to pass freely through the centre. The position and orientation of the cable within the CT aperture does not affect the output.The split core type such as the CT in the Fig. 3.6, is particularly suitable for DIY usc it can be clipped straight on to cither the live or neutral wire coming into the building without having to do any high voltage electrical work.Like any other transformer, a current transformer has a primary winding, a magnctic core, and a secondary winding. In the case of whole building monitoring the primary is the live or the neutral wire (not both) coming into the building itself and goes through the hole in the CT. The secondary winding comprises many turns of fine wire housed within the casing of the transformer.As shown in the Fig. 3.8 CT is clipped with cable. sensor 2000 turns E = Aiburden) t u(sensor) _—_— Jee (sensor) 220V Phase wire measured) = 141.44 Fig. 3.8 Circuit of CS The measured current is alternative, and the sensor is calibrated to measure a max of 100A AC. 100A is the RMS value of the maximum current the sensor ean handle. 17 Formula I(measured) = V2 * I(RMS current) = 1.414 * 100A = 141.4 A The current at the output of the sensor is defined by its number of turns (here is 2000)l(sensor) = 1(measured) / Nb turns = 141.1A / 2000 = 0.0707A Applications Suitable for the current measuring. ¢ Monitoring and protection of AC motor. ¢ Lighting equipment. Air compressor. 3.2.3 Voltage Sensor Voltage and Current are the fundamental quantities of electrical system; therefore their accurate measurements are very vital in electrical load monitoring. Accurate load monitoring is necessary to facilitate energy management which is one of the most important factors that ensure sustainability in the electrical power system, of course by eliminating energy waste and unwanted activities. On the other hand the world is becoming more automated and smarter in terms of energy utilization, therefore the importance of having accurate measurements of the electrical quantities cannot be overemphasized. Energy efficiency in electricity utilization through accurate measurement and Sensor Monitoring is necessary in procuring the future of the power system. calibration is one of the most important aspects of energy monitoring. The Measurement, control and management of electrical equipment are all dependents upon an accurate and reliable sensing. Moreover the voltage and current are the fundamental quantities from which all other electrical quantities are determined, The qc , . . ni mann Si rs which are available Curent and voltage are detected using current and voltage sensors which are available 18