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HURST Review: Oncology I Latest Exam 2025 2025 With Correct Answers, Exams of Nursing

Trinity School of NursingNursing

The #1 cause of preventable cancer - correct answer>>tobacco Co-carcinogens - correct answer>>Alcohol & tobacco Suspected dietary causes of cancer - correct answer>>-a low-fiber diet -increased red meat -increased animal fat -nitrites (processed sandwich meats) -alcohol -preservatives and additives Increased incidence of cancer in the - correct answer>>immunosuppressed The most important risk factor for cancer is - correct answer>>aging Higher risk of cancer in those aged over - correct answer>>60 years old What race has the greatest incidence of cancer? - correct answer>>African-Americans followed by Caucasians Other risk factors for cancer development - correct answer>>-obesity -physical inactivity -poor nutrition -heredity (ex. BRC-1 gene) -exposure to UV radiation -exposure to carcinogens -stress -previous medical history Chronic irritation can cause - correct answer>>uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

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HURST Review: Oncology I Latest Exam 2025-
2025 With Correct Answers
The #1 cause of preventable cancer - correct answer>>tobacco
Co-carcinogens - correct answer>>Alcohol & tobacco
Suspected dietary causes of cancer - correct answer>>-a low-fiber diet
-increased red meat
-increased animal fat
-nitrites (processed sandwich meats)
-alcohol
-preservatives and additives
Increased incidence of cancer in the - correct answer>>immunosuppressed
The most important risk factor for cancer is - correct answer>>aging
Higher risk of cancer in those aged over - correct answer>>60 years old
What race has the greatest incidence of cancer? - correct answer>>African-Americans
followed by Caucasians
Other risk factors for cancer development - correct answer>>-obesity
-physical inactivity
-poor nutrition
-heredity (ex. BRC-1 gene)
-exposure to UV radiation
-exposure to carcinogens
-stress
-previous medical history
Chronic irritation can cause - correct answer>>uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Primary Prevention of Cancer - correct answer>>-NO smoking
-exercise and good nutrition
-maintain normal body weight
-limit or eliminate alcohol intake
-vaccines for preventable viral exposures such as
Hepatitis B and HPV
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

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Download HURST Review: Oncology I Latest Exam 2025 2025 With Correct Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

HURST Review: Oncology I Latest Exam 2025-

2025 With Correct Answers

The #1 cause of preventable cancer - correct answer>>tobacco Co-carcinogens - correct answer>>Alcohol & tobacco Suspected dietary causes of cancer - correct answer>>-a low-fiber diet

  • increased red meat
  • increased animal fat
  • nitrites (processed sandwich meats)
  • alcohol
  • preservatives and additives Increased incidence of cancer in the - correct answer>>immunosuppressed The most important risk factor for cancer is - correct answer>>aging Higher risk of cancer in those aged over - correct answer>>60 years old What race has the greatest incidence of cancer? - correct answer>>African-Americans followed by Caucasians Other risk factors for cancer development - correct answer>>-obesity
  • physical inactivity
  • poor nutrition
  • heredity (ex. BRC-1 gene)
  • exposure to UV radiation
  • exposure to carcinogens
  • stress
  • previous medical history Chronic irritation can cause - correct answer>>uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells Primary Prevention of Cancer - correct answer>>-NO smoking
  • exercise and good nutrition
  • maintain normal body weight
  • limit or eliminate alcohol intake
  • vaccines for preventable viral exposures such as Hepatitis B and HPV
  • avoid exposure to known carcinogens Secondary Prevention of Cancer: Females - correct answer>>-monthly BSEs
  • clinical breast exams
  • mammograms
  • colonoscopies
  • fecal occult blood stool test
  • pap smears What days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing the breast self-exam? - correct answer>> 7 - 12 Beginning in their _______, women should be told about - correct answer>> 2 0s; the limitations and benefites of monthly self BSEs Post menopausal women or women who have had a hysterectomy should perform a BSE on - correct answer>>the same day every month Women between the ages of 20-39 need a clinical breast exam how often? - correct answer>>every 3 years Women older than 40 should have clinical breast exams how often? - correct answer>>yearly, with two views of each breast Before a mammogram, what should you teach your client to NOT apply on their body? - correct answer>>no lotion, no powder, no deodorant Pap smears beginning at age ______ and performed every _____ years if there have been no problems - correct answer>>21; 3 Men and women should have a colonoscopy at age ______, then every _____ years if there have been no problems - correct answer>>50; 10 (more frequently if there are polyps) Testing the stool for fecal occult blood should be done _________ beginning at age ______, unless previous problems or a positive family history - correct answer>>yearly; 50 Secondary Prevention of Cancer: Males - correct answer>>-breast self-awareness
  • testicular self-exams (TSE)
  1. no IMs
  2. quiet play for children Cancer can invade the bone marrow which can lead to - correct answer>>-anemia
  • leukopenia
  • thrombocytopenia Cachexia means - correct answer>>extreme wasting and malnutrition (commonly seen close to death) Early sign of blood cancers and lymphoma - correct answer>>fever #1 symptom that clients complain of with a cancer diagnosis - correct answer>>fatigue (probably d/t anemia of tumor taking all energy) Early sign of bone cancer - correct answer>>pain Cancer Diagnosis: Blood Tests - correct answer>>-abnormal CBC & diff
  • elevated liver enzymes: AST & ALT
  • tumor markers (biomarkers) We always worry about the ____________ count - correct answer>>neutrophil Liver enzymes will increase with - correct answer>>liver damage/involvement in cancer Cancer Diagnosis: Positive Diagnostic Studies - correct answer>>-chest x-ray
  • CT scan
  • MRI
  • PET scan
  • bone marrow biopsy
  • tissue biopsy
  • imaging studies Types of Cancer Treatments - correct answer>>-surgery
  • radiation therapy In relation to cancer, what is surgery used for? - correct answer>>-prevention
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

Examples of Diagnostic Surgery - correct answer>>-staging

  • biopsy
  • lymph node mapping Curative Surgery Example: Total Laryngectomy - correct answer>>removal of vocal cords, epiglottis, and thyroid cartilage Total Laryngectomy: Since the whole larynx (including epiglottis) is removed, this client will have a permanent _________________ or _________________ - correct answer>>tracheostomy; laryngectomy Total Laryngectomy: Post-op position? - correct answer>>semi/mid-fowlers Total Laryngectomy: What will be given to protect suture line? - correct answer>>NG feedings (peristalsis can disrupt the suture line) Total Laryngectomy: What do we need to watch for? - correct answer>>-monitor drains
  • watch for carotid artery rupture
  • rupture of the innominate artery (massive bleeding through trach) Total Laryngectomy: Clients need frequent __________________ to decrease bacterial count in _____________ and to prevent ____________________ - correct answer>>oral care; mouth; pneumonia (NPO people tend to get pneumonia) Total Laryngectomy: When the client leaves the hospital, a bib will be used to - correct answer>>cover the trach because it acts like a filter Total Laryngectomy: A trach bib should NOT be made of - correct answer>>plastic or lots of fibers (could clog the trach) Total Laryngectomy: NO _____________ near the trach - correct answer>>powders Total Laryngectomy: What type of environment helps? - correct answer>>a humidified environment Total Laryngectomy: ALL breathing is done through - correct answer>>the trach Total Laryngectomy: How can this client talk? - correct answer>>they can use an electrolarnyx, but the Blom-Singer device is the most common device they use to talk
  • watch small cuts
  • no nail biting
  • no sunburn Why must a mastectomy client with lymph node removal brush their hair, squeeze tennis balls, wall climb, and flex and extend elbow? - correct answer>>to prevent "frozen shoulder"
  • they all promote new (collateral) circulation 2 Types of Radiation Therapy - correct answer>>1. Internal radiation
  1. External radiation Internal radiation is AKA - correct answer>>brachytherapy Brachytherapy is used to - correct answer>>get the radiation close to the cancer or target tissue With ALL types of brachytherapy, the client - correct answer>>emits radiation for a period of time and is a hazard to others Brachytherapy is either - correct answer>>unsealed or sealed With UNsealed brachytherapy - correct answer>>client AND body fluids emit radiation UNsealed brachytherapy is like a - correct answer>>radioisotope that is given IV or PO How long is UNsealed brachytherapy radioactive? - correct answer>>24 to 48 hours With sealed brachytherapy - correct answer>>only the client emits radiation; body fluids are NOT radioactive Sealed brachytherapy can be - correct answer>>temporary or permanent implant that is placed close to or inside the tumor Examples of sealed brachytherapy - correct answer>>-implantable seeds (prostate cancer)
  • cervical cancer (vaginal implant) General radiation precautions for internal radiation - correct answer>>-time (short as possible)
  • distance
  • shielding (lead shield) Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: How often should nursing assignments be rotated so that the nurse is not continually exposed? - correct answer>>daily Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: The nurse should only care for _______ client(s) with (a) radiation implant(s) in a given shift - correct answer>> 1 Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: The client should have - correct answer>>a private room (very immunosuppressed) Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: The nurse should wear a _____________________ at all times - correct answer>>film badge Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: Limit each visitor to - correct answer>>30 minutes per day Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: Visitors must stay at least _______ feet from the source - correct answer>> 6 Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: No visitors under the age of - correct answer>> 16 Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: NO _____________________ visitors/nurses - correct answer>>pregnant Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: The room must be marked with - correct answer>>instructions for the specific isotope Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: Nurses must wear __________ when there is risk of ________________________ - correct answer>>gloves; exposure to body fluids Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Precautions: How can you prevent dislodgement of the implant? - correct answer>>-keep the client on bed rest
  • decrease fiber in the diet (low residue to prevent bowel distention)
  • prevent bladder distention (need catheter)

External Radiation: You can NOT ______________ the markings - correct answer>>wash off External Radiation: Can you use lotion on the markings? - correct answer>>NO External Radiation: The site must be protected from _____________ and ________________ for _____ year(s) after completion of therapy d/t the skin's fragility - correct answer>>sunlight; UV exposure; 1 External Radiation: We must provide good - correct answer>>skin care