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HUMAN RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT EXAMINATION
EXAMPLE QUESTIONS TOGETHER
WITH THE CORRECT ANSWERS
Macon Industries writes a purchase order for bolts, washers, and nails and sends the order to the Stanton Company to process. A. letter of intent. B. open order. C. accounts-receivable document. D. sales contract. - Correct Answer D Sales contract. A purchase order is a form that a business fills out to order goods. Because the order indicates that the business is willing to do something (pay for the items it orders) in exchange for something else (take possession of the goods), the purchase order serves as a sales contract. An open order is a type of purchase order in which buyers place the order with the supplier that can best meet the needs or criteria (e.g., price) for a particular item. Because accounts receivable is an accounting activity that involves collecting payment for the goods and services that the business offers, a purchase order is not an accounts-receivable document. A letter of intent is a letter that declares the writer's intention to do something. A purchase order is a form rather than a letter. A business was fined $2 million for dumping toxic waste in the local river. What type of environmental law did the company violate? A. Food quality B. Clean air C. Clean water D. Endangered species - Correct Answer C Clean water. The company violated the clean water laws by dumping toxic waste into a river. Clean air laws regulate emissions and other air pollutants. Food quality laws regulate the quality of the food supply. Endangered species laws protect animals, fish, and birds in danger of becoming extinct. Jon sues his former employer for harassment. In what situation would the employer be likely to offer Jon a settlement?
A. The employer wants the case to go to court. B. The employer knows it will be able to win the case. C. The employer does not think it will be able to win the case. D. Jon does not think he will be able to win the case. - Correct Answer C The employer does not think it will be able to win the case. A party may offer a settlement if it believes it has little chance to win a case. In this example, Jon's employer does not believe it will win, so it may offer a settlement. A settlement is a way to avoid the case going to court. Jon may or may not think he will win the case, but this does not influence his former employer's actions. Which of the following words most accurately describes arbitration: A. Private B. Nonconsensual C. Biased D. Temporary - Correct Answer A. Private. Arbitration is private and not public or handled in the courts. Arbitration is consensual. Both parties must sign an agreement assenting to arbitration. Arbitration is neutral, not biased. Arbitration is final and binding, not temporary. To be reimbursed for business expenses, Luke must obtain and complete an expense- reimbursement form, attach the original transaction receipts to the completed form, and submit the documentation to his manager for approval. What is Luke doing? A. Following company procedures B. Developing company policies C. Evaluating company feedback D. Assessing company guidelines - Correct Answer A. Following company procedures. Policies are the general rules to be followed by company personnel. For example, a business owner may develop a policy that states the company will reimburse employees for certain business-related expenses. A procedure is the step-by-step process that personnel follow in performing a specific task. In the example, Luke was following certain steps to obtain reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses that he incurred— obtaining and completing the appropriate form, attaching receipts, and submitting the documentation to his manager. In the example, Luke did not develop the policies, evaluate company feedback, or assess company guidelines. To use oral communication effectively, you need to A. pronounce your words correctly. B. impress your listeners. C. know your listeners. D. distract your listeners' attention. - Correct Answer A) Pronounce your words correctly.
The opening sentences of an effective business letter should A. avoid specific details. B. be completely impersonal. C. be formal. D. go right to the point. - Correct Answer D) Go right to the point. The opening paragraph of a business letter should explain the reason for writing and go right to the point. Effective business letters do not waste the reader's time by providing a lot of unnecessary information, but they immediately go to the point and capture the reader's attention. The letter does not need to be formal, but it should contain specific details and have personal appeal for the reader. When developing an analytical report about a problem that the business is facing, the writer should conclude the report by A. defining the issue. B. describing the research techniques. C. recommending solutions. D. providing crucial background information. - Correct Answer C. Recommending solutions. An analytical report involves examining opinions, facts, and data about an issue, idea, or problem. Recommendations are placed at the end of the report after the issue has been defined and all of the pertinent information has been presented. The introduction of the report should define the problem. If research was conducted, the research techniques used are described in the methodology section of the report, which should appear before the recommendations and conclusions section of the report. Liam wrote and submitted a report to management describing relationships between actions and the probable results of those actions. What type of research report has Liam written? A. Cause and effect B. Interpretive C. Jury of executive opinion D. Argumentative - Correct Answer A) Cause and effect. Cause-and-effect reports provide information about a variety of scenarios under different circumstances—if action A and B happens, then the probable result will be X. By developing a cause-and-effect report, a business can analyze different situations and probable outcomes. The business can consider the pros and cons of each scenario to determine which action will be best for the business. An interpretive report provides the writer's perception of a specific topic. Individuals working in the humanities and social-science fields often develop interpretive reports to clarify or interpret ancient texts and complex cognitive concepts. Jury of executive opinion is a qualitative forecasting
method that gathers opinions from company executives. An argumentative report provides facts and data about two sides of a controversial issue. While Mark is presenting his status report during a staff meeting, Danielle has a question about something he says. What should Danielle do? A. Ask the question after Mark has finished speaking B. Wait until the next meeting to ask her question C. Interrupt Mark so she can ask her question right away D. Wait to see if another participant has the same question - Correct Answer A) Ask the question after Mark has finished speaking. Speakers often ask other meeting participants if they have questions after they finish their presentations. Therefore, Danielle should ask her question after Mark finishes his presentation, when he asks if anyone has questions. Interrupting Mark while he is speaking to ask a question is disruptive and rude. Other meeting participants may not think of the same question that Danielle has, so she should not rely on others to ask the question. Danielle should not wait until the next meeting because the information Mark provides may be outdated or forgotten by that point. When a business strives to make every customer experience a positive one, it is remembering its A. history. B. internal customers. C. competition. D. touchpoints. - Correct Answer D. Touchpoints. When a business strives to make every customer experience a positive one, it is remembering its touchpoints. When a business remembers its touchpoints, it shows that it recognizes the importance of each interaction in building positive customer relations. Touchpoints don't necessarily relate to internal customers, competition, or the business's history. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of customer complaints: A. Product quality B. Institutional ads C. Extended hours D. Price reductions - Correct Answer a Product quality. Poor-quality products that do not perform properly or break are a common cause for complaint. Other causes include the business itself, its policies, and its personnel. Price reductions are usually pleasing to customers. Extended hours give customers more time to shop. Institutional ads promote the image of the business and are not likely to be the subject of complaints.
One of the disadvantages of private enterprise is that poverty and income are not distributed equally. Limited government control, competition, and pricing system are all advantages of private enterprise. A business typically pays property tax to the government when A. the value of the business's equipment decreases over time. B. the business owns the building in which it operates. C. the business sells the property for more money than it paid for it. D. the business sells goods directly to other businesses or individuals. - Correct Answer B) The business owns the building in which it operates. Businesses that own buildings and land must pay property taxes to the government at specific intervals. The property-tax amount is based on the value of the land and building. The value of the land and building is affected by many factors, such as the location of the property. When the value of a business's goods or equipment decreases over time, it is known as depreciation. When it sells land or a building, a business pays a capital-gains tax, which is based on the difference between the purchase price and the higher selling price. Sales tax is typically charged on nonessential goods such as candy, books, and shampoo. Businesses (e.g., retailers) that sell the goods collect the sales tax from their customers and give the money to the government at set intervals. During an economic recession, the best way for consumers to help expand the economy is by A. saving money. B. spending money. C. earning money. D. collecting money. - Correct Answer B) Spending money. If consumers do not go out and spend, businesses have less revenue to bounce back during a recession. Businesses will then lay off more employees who, in turn, will spend less, and the recession will deepen. Saving, collecting, or earning money will keep it from being reinvested in the economy, thereby not helping the economy grow. The category of GDP called gross private domestic investment includes A. all purchases of capital goods. B. all exports of goods and services. C. purchases made by private individuals. D. inventories held over from previous years. - Correct Answer A) all purchases of capital goods. If a business trades a piece of equipment for a new piece, the total value of the new piece is counted for GDP, not the difference. Inventories produced in the current year are also counted but not those produced in previous years. Exports are a separate
category of GDP. The purchases by private individuals are counted as personal consumption expenditures. An American businessperson in London was offered a "cuppa" by the company's receptionist. The businessperson did not know that the receptionist was offering a cup of tea. This is an example of A. a language barrier. B. a business subculture. C. being uneducated. D. economic differences. - Correct Answer A) a language barrier. Culture influences verbal communication, even in countries that basically speak the same language. In those countries, different words for objects and different modes of expressing ideas cause misunderstandings and may be language barriers. Economic differences are differences in economic status. A business subculture refers to a group of people who share similar characteristics within a larger business context. Businesspeople who do not understand certain language terms are uninformed rather than uneducated. Which of the following behaviors matches with the value of kindness: A. Always telling the truth B. Encouraging others who are sad C. Getting a job promotion D. Avoiding difficult tasks - Correct Answer B) encouraging others who are sad. It is important to identify actions or choices that are in accordance with your values. If kindness is the value, a behavior that correlates to that might be encouraging others who are sad, trying to lift their spirits, and supporting them in difficult times. Always telling the truth, getting a job promotion, and avoiding difficult tasks are not necessarily related to kindness. Which of the following is a true statement regarding initiative: A. People with initiative must usually be prodded into doing things. B. Possessing initiative is unimportant in business occupations. C. Increased initiative usually brings increased job responsibility. D. Initiative should be demonstrated only at your place of employment. - Correct Answer C) increased initiative usually brings increased job responsibility. Increased job responsibility is just one benefit of demonstrating initiative. If you possess initiative, you are ready, willing, and able to both think and act on your own. You do not have to be prodded or urged to do so. Initiative is extremely important to workers in all types of occupations, especially in the field of business. To be viewed as a person with initiative, your willingness to think and act on your own should be reflected in all areas of your life. What is one of the main reasons that employees behave unethically?
themselves first and are usually in a bad mood would probably not enjoy good personal relationships. These are characteristics common in negative people. Although positive people usually maintain good personal hygiene, it isn't necessarily the primary reason why they enjoy good personal relationships. Jeremy listened to his friend Mike's description of a problem Mike recently had at work and said, "It's easy to see why you are so upset." What empathetic trait does Jeremy have? A. Understanding B. Honesty C. Sharing D. Open-mindedness - Correct Answer A) Understanding. Being an understanding person is necessary for empathy. You don't need to share the same experiences that someone else has had, but you do need to understand where they are "coming from." Honesty Organizing your sock drawer, throwing a party, and building a bookshelf are examples of A. projects. B. goals. C. product ideas. D. planning methods. - Correct Answer A) Projects. A project is any type of undertaking, or task, that has a distinct beginning and end and that creates a unique good or service. Organizing your sock drawer, throwing a party, and building a bookshelf are examples of projects. These are not goals, product ideas, or planning methods. If a leader takes ownership of a problem, makes sure it is fixed, and takes steps to prevent it from happening again, s/he is demonstrating A. flexibility. B. adaptability. C. responsibility. D. social awareness. - Correct Answer C) Responsibility. Fulfilling one's obligations in a dependable, reliable manner is known as responsibility, and it is an important leadership characteristic. When a leader is responsible, s/he takes ownership of problems, makes sure they are fixed, and takes steps to prevent them from happening again. Flexibility, also called adaptability, is the ability to adapt to changes as they occur. Social awareness is the ability to know and understand others' emotions; it is part of emotional intelligence. Which of the following examples describes an ethical leader practicing persistence and patience:
A. A team captain yells at her teammates to motivate them. B. Marie encourages her team not to take shortcuts to achieve results. C. Your teacher always grades and returns tests on time. D. Jalen spends time giving back to organizations in his community. - Correct Answer B) Marie encourages her team not to take shortcuts to achieve results. Persistence is the ability to continue working at a task or idea until the desired outcome is achieved. Patience is enduring life's aggravations and difficulties calmly. Persistence and patience are both important to ethical leadership because being ethical is not always an easy or quick process. It can be tempting to take shortcuts or give up on the ethical route to achieve quick results. An ethical leader such as Marie practices both persistence and patience in difficult situations, rather than taking shortcuts. A team captain yelling at her teammates to motivate them is not demonstrating patience or persistence. If your teacher grades and returns tests on time, s/he is responsible but not necessarily persistent or patient. Finally, Jalen is being altruistic by giving back to organizations in his community rather than demonstrating patience or persistence. The main reason why people lose their jobs is that they A. take too many days off work. B. complain about the unsatisfactory pay. C. do not get along with their coworkers. D. are not able to perform all job tasks. - Correct Answer C) do not get along with their coworkers. Although employees lose their jobs for a variety of reasons, studies indicate that the primary reason is failure to get along with coworkers. A worker who does not get along with others usually is not very happy or productive and may cause problems in the workplace. Complaining about unsatisfactory pay is not a reason to be fired. Taking too many days off work and not being able to do all job tasks are problems that can be corrected. It is important to be honest about the time commitment when interviewing potential employees for a new business because A. entrepreneurs shouldn't hire employees with busy personal lives. B. employees who are overburdened are unlikely to stay with the company. C. being honest should weed out the people who aren't dedicated to the job. D. employees are not legally allowed to work more than 40 hours/week. - Correct Answer B) Employees who are overburdened are unlikely to stay with the company. It can be tempting for entrepreneurs to "sugarcoat" the amount of time and effort that will be needed from employees—but this approach is destined to backfire. Employees who are hired under the impression that they will only work 20 hours per week, for example, will certainly not appreciate it when they are told they actually need to work 30 or 40, especially if their compensation doesn't increase accordingly. If workers are consistently overburdened, they are unlikely to stay with the company for very long—
Financial needs are purchases that are necessary and should be included in one's financial decision-making. Transportation is a financial need because Antonio needs a way to get to and from classes, work, home, etc. Tickets for sporting events, apartment decorations, and fitness classes are not financial needs because they are not necessary expenses. If you do not keep up with the balance of your checking account, you might A. challenge the bank's authority. B. have your identity stolen. C. prevent fraudulent charges. D. incur fees and penalties. - Correct Answer D) Incur fees and penalties. If you are not aware of the deposits and purchases in your checking account, you might incur fees and penalties for overdrawing your account or having a check bounce. Not keeping up with your checking account balance will not necessarily lead to having your identity stolen. You will not prevent fraudulent charges or challenge the bank's authority by not keeping up with the balance of your checking account. To avoid accumulating unmanageable debt, you should A. purchase expensive items using credit. B. avoid buying anything except necessities. C. pay your credit card balance in full. D. spend your monthly paycheck immediately. - Correct Answer C) Pay your credit card balance in full. Paying your credit card balance in full each month will help you avoid accumulating excessive debt. It's okay to buy goods and services that aren't necessities, as long as you have enough money in your budget to afford them. You should avoid purchasing expensive items using credit unless you can genuinely afford them, since purchases accumulate interest fees when paid on credit. It would be unwise to spend your monthly paycheck immediately. Accountants are legally required to follow established guidelines when preparing financial documents to ensure that the information presented is A. clear and consistent. B. transparent and subjective. C. subjective and consistent. D. adjusted and clear. - Correct Answer A) Clear and consistent. The accounting function is responsible for collecting and reporting a business's financial information. Governments require businesses to provide certain types of financial information to regulatory agencies and shareholders in specific ways. By requiring businesses to follow the same standards and rules, financial reports are prepared in a consistent way, so the information is clear, objective, and transparent to all people who
read and work with financial information. Subjective information is open for interpretation. The information in a financial document does not have to be adjusted to adhere to established guidelines. What type of money is recorded in the cash receipts column of a cash flow statement? A. Credit B. Cost of goods C. Collected D. Expenses - Correct Answer C) Collected. Only collected money is recorded under cash receipts. For example, if a business expects to make $5,000 from cash sales and $2,000 from credit sales, it records only the $5,000 in the cash receipts column. The $2,000 in credit sales is referred to as accounts receivable and should not be recorded until it is actually collected, otherwise the business will appear to have more money on hand than it actually does. Cost of goods is the amount of money a business pays for the products it will sell and often is a sizeable expense. Expenses are listed in the cash payments column rather than in the cash receipts column. According to the statement of cash flows in a company's annual report, its cash flow from operations last year was $5,260,300 and its capital expenditures were $980,200. What was the company's free cash flow? A. $1,863, B. $4,280, C. $5,397, D. $6,240,500 - Correct Answer B) $4,280,100. Free cash flow is the capital that a company has left at the end of a year after paying all of its expenses and making any necessary new capital expenditures. Investors often calculate a company's free cash flow to determine whether the company has funds to pay dividends to investors. The formula used to calculate free cash flow is Free Cash Flow = Cash Flow from Operations - Capital Expenditures. To determine the company's free cash flow, simply subtract the capital expenditures noted from the given cash flow from operations ($5,260,300 - $980,200 = $4,280,100). Who often helps orient new employees by answering their routine questions during their first few days on the job? A. Top-level managers B. Coworkers C. Recruiters D. Human resources staff - Correct Answer B) Coworkers. A new employee's coworkers often are instrumental in orienting the person by answering routine questions. Coworkers are able to explain the day-to-day activities on the job and answer general questions about where supplies are kept and when to take
performing their jobs. The manager is not rationalizing or imitating the employee's behavior. There is not sufficient information provided to determine if the manager is asking questions or interrogating the employee. Ralph hosts a video conference about a trade show he recently attended. Which of the following knowledge management processes is Ralph practicing? A. Refinement B. Acquisition C. Creation D. Sharing - Correct Answer D) Sharing. Sharing of knowledge occurs when knowledge is communicated to others, as is the case with Ralph's video conference. Acquisition is the process of gaining or gathering knowledge. Creation is developing new content. Refinement is taking knowledge and making it understandable and usable. Which function of marketing determines how much gross profit a business will make on a good or service? A. Risk management B. Channel management C. Promotion D. Pricing - Correct Answer D) Pricing. This marketing function involves determining and adjusting prices to maximize return and meet customers' perceptions of value. Pricing includes setting an amount to charge a customer for a product, which usually is based on the item's cost, expenses, and desired profit. Communicating information about goods, services, images, and/or ideas to achieve a desired outcome is promotion. Risk management, which is not a marketing function, involves the planning, controlling, preventing, and procedures used by management to limit business loss. Channel management involves identifying, selecting, monitoring, and evaluating sales channels. One way for businesses to obtain needed information efficiently is to A. read a book. B. schedule an interview. C. access a database. D. contact a competitor. - Correct Answer C) Access a database. A database is computerized storage for information and facts. Most businesses maintain a database of information that is relevant to the business, such as lists of customers and vendors, inventory levels, prices of materials, etc. When businesses need information, they access the database to obtain the data efficiently. For example, a business could access a database to find out how many customers in a certain area purchased a specific product during a specified time period. Scheduling an interview,
reading a book, and contacting a competitor are not ways for businesses to obtain needed information efficiently. Which of the following is a trend in information management: A. Fewer electronic documents B. Increased use of outsourcing C. Decreased competition D. Less incoming information - Correct Answer B) Increased use of outsourcing. Increased use of outsourcing is a current trend in information management. There is more incoming information (usually in the form of electronic documents) than ever, as well as increased competition. Monitors, keyboards, and hard drives are examples of computer A. servers. B. hardware. C. dashboards. D. standards. - Correct Answer B) Hardware. These are the physical components of a computer system that are necessary for the system to function. They include the central processing unit, hard drive, modem, monitor, keyboard, etc. Monitors, keyboards, and hard drives are not examples of computer networks, language, or standards. Servers involve the use of software programs to link multiple computers to other programs. A dashboard allows computer users to view various types of information (widgets) in a single computer window or screen. Adian is conducting online research for a marketing project at work. What web-based tool will help Adian save and organize the websites that contain the relevant information he needs for his final report? A. Personal intranet connection B. Notebook with color-coded dividers C. Word-processing memo template D. Browser bookmarking applications - Correct Answer D) Browser bookmarking applications. Browsers are computer software that retrieve information from the World Wide Web. They have bookmarking applications that allow computer users to select websites and store their URLs on a personal computer for easy access in the future. Bookmarking applications allow users to organize sites by categories by placing them into folders on a computer. Notebooks are not online tools. An intranet is an internal network, similar to the Internet that is accessible only by authorized employees. A word-processing memo template formats a type of written message.
later. Management should make staff aware of specific data changes—not just inform that they will occur continuously. Finally, data change should not occur during a busy time of year because it could cause problems and affect the efficiency of the organization. By maintaining customer records, a business can determine the A. needs and product preferences of its customers. B. goals and motivation of its major competitors. C. performance levels of its marketing staff. D. productivity levels of its operational efforts. - Correct Answer A) Needs and product preferences of its customers. Businesses keep many types of records about their customers. Sales-call reports, sales follow-up reports, and invoices provide a lot of information about a particular customer. By maintaining these types of records, the business can review the information at any given time to determine a particular customer's buying habits, buying patterns, and product preferences. By learning about a customer's preferences, the business can help the customer with future buying decisions. Helping customers with their buying decisions often builds trusting and long-term buyer-seller relationships. Customer records will not help the business determine the goals and motivation of its major competitors, the performance levels of it marketing staff, or the productivity levels of its operational efforts. Businesses often monitor internal inventory records to obtain the information needed to A. organize new displays. B. plan special sales. C. evaluate vendors. D. create safety rules. - Correct Answer B) Plan special sales. Businesses monitor internal inventory records to keep track of the type and quantity of products that are in stock. By monitoring this information, businesses can identify an oversupply of certain products, or products that are slow sellers. The inventory records help businesses decide when it would be appropriate to plan a special sale to get rid of excess inventory or slow-selling items. Keeping these items in stock ties up money that the business could use to buy new products that customers want to buy. Businesses do not monitor internal inventory records to obtain the information needed to organize new displays, evaluate vendors, or create safety rules. To maintain a hazard-free work environment, local regulations might require businesses to undergo A. security analyses. B. accounting audits. C. safety inspections.
D. ethics training. - Correct Answer C) Safety inspections. Governments develop regulations to ensure the safety of workers. Some government regulations require that businesses have their machinery inspected on a regular basis by a government agent or independent entity to ensure that the business is complying with safety regulations. During the inspection, the inspector might identify problems or hazards that compromise worker safety. By identifying the problems, the business can take corrective action to ensure worker safety and to be in compliance. Undergoing accounting audits, security analyses, and ethics training programs are not actions that will identify workplace hazards. A team of marketers is creating a promotional brochure, but progress is slow. The person in charge of designing the layout has never done it before and is struggling to come up with ideas. What ethical dilemma most likely caused this situation? A. Assigning the wrong person to a job B. Covering up wrongdoing/Blaming others C. Using money inappropriately D. Violating workers' rights - Correct Answer A) assigning the wrong person to a job. One of the tasks that project managers do during the planning phase is delegating work to various members of the project team. It is important to do so ethically by paying attention to people's strengths, interests, abilities, and time constraints. Project managers should not give jobs to people who are not qualified to do the work required of the roles. Because the designer has no experience, s/he might not have been the best person for the job, which causes issues for the project as a whole. There is no indication that the project manager covered up wrongdoing/blamed others, used money inappropriately, or violated workers' rights. A collaborative work environment contributes to an employee's growth because s/he A. views the work environment positively. B. earns more income. C. learns from coworkers. D. has the opportunity to work from home. - Correct Answer C) Learns from coworkers When employees regularly share ideas and techniques, they learn from each other and gain new knowledge and skills. Earning more income, viewing his/her work environment positively, and working from home are all great benefits an employee can gain, but they do not necessarily help an employee grow. Why is it important in project planning to build in a safety net, or padding, when identifying resources?
