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Human development exam with
complete solutions
Influences that generally affect a generation (for example, the effect of the Vietnam war on the baby boomers) are considered _____ influences. - ANSWER- normative history-graded Keesha's father died unexpectedly in an accident when she was four. This incident will likely affect keesha's development and is an example of a: - ANSWER-Non normative life event Non normative life events: - ANSWER-Do not happen to all people Putting together a two word sentence and solving a crossword puzzle are examples of___processes that affect development - ANSWER-Cognitive The first stage in erkison's theory is - ANSWER-Trust vs mistrust A child who has just begun to represent the world with words, images, and drawings is in the___stage of cognitive development - ANSWER-Sensorimotor Cohort effects are due to all of the following except - ANSWER-Actual age of the individual Dr. Wrong is a cognitive developmental theorist, so we know that he will stress the importance of___in understanding development - ANSWER-Conscious thoughts
Joey has shot up in height over the past year, has developed a deeper voice, and is starting to grow facial hair. He is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family. Which of the following periods of development is joey in - ANSWER-Adolescences Which of the following statements about the young old is true - ANSWER-They can develop strategies to cope with gains and losses of aging Behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize - ANSWER-That development occurs in stage-like fashion The 65 year old grandmother, the 65 year old father of a preschooler, the 15 year old surgeon, and the 70 year old student all serve to illustrate that - ANSWER-Old assumptions about the proper timing of life events no longer govern our lives Which of the following is in correct order of the three periods in prenatal development from conception of birth - ANSWER-Germinal, Embryonic, fetal Which of the following can determine the sex of a fetus at the earliest point - ANSWER-Noninvasive cell-free DNA analysis in blood plasma Jessica is feeling empowered and supported in the___care program. She is looking forward to the approximately 50 home visits, guiding her prenatal period and in parenting until her child is two years of age. - ANSWER-Nurse family partnership The centering pregnancy program - ANSWER-Uses group setting and longer sessions to help prepare women for positive pregnancy experiences Which of the following women has the highest probability of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome - ANSWER-June, a 41 year old Euro American women Sherry is expecting her second child. She bought a book to help her daughter understand how the new baby is developing in the womb. After learning some
Piaget believed that children's thinking in one stage is___that in another stage - ANSWER-Qualitatively different from Sarah show her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block at first, but then turn turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. The baby is showing - ANSWER-Habituation Which of the following statements is true of early neuron development - ANSWER-The synaptic connections that are used become strengthened and survive, while the unused ones are replaced by other pathways or disappear The view emphasizes the interaction of the plasticity of the brain, genetic inheritance, and an enriched or impoverished environment - ANSWER- Neuroconstructivist Are tiny gaps between neuron fibers - ANSWER-Synapses The view of development that sees motor skills as a solution to an infants problems is known as the - ANSWER-Dynamic systems theory A recent study found that child directed speech in a one to one social context as 11-14 months of age was linked to - ANSWER-Greater word production at age 2 Which sequence best describes the way neurons pass along messages - ANSWER- Neurontransmitters, myelin sheath, nucleus, dendrites When Martha wants to feed her newborn son, she gently brushes her nipple against his cheek and demonstrates a___reflex by turning his head toward the side that was touched and immediately latches onto her breast - ANSWER-Rooting In the visual cliff experiment by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk, most 6- month old babies encouraged to crawl onto the deep side of the visual cliff would
- ANSWER-Not crawl onto the cliff side
According to critics, the strange situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because - ANSWER-As a measure of attachment it may be culturally biased In the second year of life, infants tend to check with their mother before they act; they look at her to see is she is happy, angry, or fearful. This is an example of - ANSWER-Social referencing Blanca works long hours and when she is home she rarely holds her baby, Joey. She is often tired and tends to respond to his needs in an angry, irritable fashion. It is most likely that Joey will develop___ with his mother - ANSWER-Insecure avoidant attachment Of the following which would be a good example of scaffolding - ANSWER-A game of peek a boo The___mandated a paid 14 week maternity leave in 1992 - ANSWER-European Union What is the opinion of experts on infant sociomotional development such as Jerome kagan on the infants capacity to display emotions like guilt, pride, despair, shame, empathy, and jealousy in the first year - ANSWER-The structural immaturity of the infant brain makes it unlikely that such emotions can be experienced in the first year Juan has been showing marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play, he goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running. Juan is probably - ANSWER-Between 18-24 months old The development of___helps infants interpret ambiguous situations more accurately, as when they encounter a stranger - ANSWER-Social referencing Engaging in face to face play primarily promotes an infants___development - ANSWER-Psychosocial
coordination. Which of the following development periods is Jonathan in - ANSWER-Infancy Late adulthood is a time of - ANSWER-Life review, adjustment to new social roles, and diminishing strength and health Life expectancy in the U.S. has increased by___years during the twentieth century
- ANSWER- The idea that no age period is more important than any other highlights the life span perspective that development is - ANSWER-Lifelong In the continuity discontinuity issue in development, continuity refers to___whereas discontinuity implies - ANSWER-Gradual change, distinct change Influences that generally affect a generation for example the effect of the Vietnam war in the baby boomers are considered___influences - ANSWER-Normative history graded In the nature nurture issue, nature refers to organisms___; nurture refers to its - ANSWER-Biological inheritance, environmental experiences Cynthia is conducting a survey on the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse in her city. What could be a problem that Cynthia could encounter while using this method of data collection - ANSWER-That some participants may not tell the truth and instead give socially acceptable answers The 35 year old grandmother, the 65 year old father of preschooler, the 15 year old surgeon, the 70 year old student all serve to illustrate that - ANSWER-Old assumptions about the proper timing of life events no longer govern our lives Which of the following is NOT a test used by physicians to determine whether a fetus is developing normally - ANSWER-Bayley scales of infant assessment
Klinefelter syndrome affects - ANSWER-Only males The___view sates that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment - ANSWER-Epigenetic Which is MOST likely to develop an x-linked disease - ANSWER-Males A___is a caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth - ANSWER-Doula Neuronal migration occurs at approximately___weeks after conception - ANSWER-6 to 24 Which of the following is NOT true about the germinal period - ANSWER-The blastocyst implants in the uterus within the first five days after conception Which of the following is in the correct order of the three periods in prenatal development from conception to birth - ANSWER-Germinal, embryonic, fetal After a long evening of natural childbirth, and seeing her son for the first time, Dalia is relieved to be in___the shortest of the three birth stages - ANSWER- Afterbirth is the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observable and measurable characteristics - ANSWER-Phenotype Which of the following is TRUE of the stages of childbirth - ANSWER-The first stage is the longest of the three birth stages Mary and Jim are expecting a child, and prenatal diagnostic procedures have confirmed that the fetus has, a neural tube disorder that causes brain and spine abnormalities. Their physician has explained that this gene-linked abnormality could be treated with corrective surgery at birth, orthopedic devices, and physical or medical therapy - ANSWER-Spina bifida
By the second birthday, a toddler's brain is about _____ of its adult weight. - ANSWER-75% Jerome weighed in at 4.5 pounds when he was born. Compared to other newborns in North America, his weight is: - ANSWER-Less than the average. Of the following, which would be a good example of scaffolding? - ANSWER-A game of peek-a-boo _____ can include connections between a wide range of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes, and also can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture. - ANSWER-Developmental cascades Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on: - ANSWER-Inhibition to the unfamiliar According to John Bowlby, at what age do infants/children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting? - ANSWER-24 months According to a 2006 study of discipline and corrective methods used by parents, which of the following methods did not increase when comparing the ways parents disciplined a one-year-old to that used on a two-year-old? - ANSWER- Diverting attention _____ can be defined as an individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding emotionally. - ANSWER-Temperament During phase one of John Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, what is MOST likely to occur? - ANSWER-An infant is likely to exhibit smiling or crying in response to strangers, siblings, or parents.
Which of the following statements about caregivers of resistant babies is likely to be true? - ANSWER-They tend to show little synchrony when interacting with the children. In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as: - ANSWER-Securely attached The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves: - ANSWER-Stranger anxiety What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation? - ANSWER-Social referencing Feelings that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being, are known as: - ANSWER- Emotions Aimee is visiting a friend who has a newborn. Aimee is enjoying holding the baby, and occasionally she thinks she may have prompted him to smile. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, the baby's lack of attachment to one person indicates he is in: - ANSWER-Phase one
