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Human Development exam with 100%
correct answers 2024
Dr. Kim takes a strong nature position with regard to the origins of intellectual disabilities. Therefore, she would most likely hypothesize that her son's intellectual disability (formally known as mental retardation) is due to - ANSWER-A. her parenting style B. his genes C. his exposure to a toxic chemical prior to birth D. his exposure to Rubella prior to birth Answer: B Lotte is listening to a lecture in which her professor states, "Genetic and cultural factors are important, but they alone cannot explain the development of human beings." Lotte's professor seems to be supporting the - ANSWER-A. biopsychosocial framework B. position that development is continuous C. notion of universality D. concept of discontinuity Answer: C Julianna is interested in studying how family relationships affect development. Julianna is probably most interested in studying ____ influences. - ANSWER-A. psychological B. sociocultural C. non-normative D. biological Answer: B
Which research method must always occur in a real-life setting? - ANSWER-A. experiment B. structured observation C. naturalistic observation D. systematic observation Answer: C Dr. Rubeus is studying how teenagers think about high school by asking them to answer several questions related to their classroom experiences. It is most likely that Dr. Rubeus's research involves a(n) ____ method. - ANSWER-A. naturalistic observation B. structured observation C. experiment D. self-report Answer: D Harold is upset with his grade on his developmental psychology test and says, "I bet if I would've taken that test at another time, I would have done much better." Harold's complaint deals most directly with the questionable ____of the test. - ANSWER-A. validity B. sample C. reliability D. population Answer: A Which research finding supports the idea that a new intelligence test is valid? - ANSWER-A. Individuals earn the same score on the test every time they take it. B. Individuals score higher on the test when they are older than when they were younger. C. Scores on the new intelligence test correlate with scores on another valid intelligence test. D. Most individuals score high on the new intelligence test. Answer: C
The uniting of the egg and sperm (conception) typically takes place in the: - ANSWER-fallopian tube. If tallness is dominant and designated as "T," and shortness is recessive and designated as "s," who would likely be short? - ANSWER-Alicia, who is "ss" A teratogen is any agent that - ANSWER-results in abnormal prenatal development Jack and Jill are twins. Because he is a boy, Jack's parents encourage him to run. However, they discourage Jill from engaging in athletic activity. As a result, Jack is much faster at running up a hill than Jill. The difference in Jack and Jill's behavior is best explained by: - ANSWER-non-shared environmental influences. During prenatal development, the arm develops before the fingers. This most illustrates the ____ principle. - ANSWER-proximodistal José, who was adopted at birth, is found to have personality characteristics more similar to his biological mom than to his adoptive mom. How should you interpret this data? - ANSWER-Personality characteristics are influenced by genes. What began as a single fertilized egg has just separated into two distinct eggs. This indicates the formation of ____ twins that has occurred during the ____ period of development. - ANSWER-identical; zygotic If Tori is a proponent of dynamic systems theory, then you know that she is most interested in: - ANSWER-crawling and stepping Winchester notices that every time he touches his newborn son's cheek, the infant turns his head and tries to suck. This behavior demonstrates the ____ reflex. - ANSWER-Rooting
Which person is most likely experiencing the most rapid physical growth? - ANSWER-18 month About how old will an infant be when it can perceive the same colors adults perceive? - ANSWER-4 months old What would be the best example of a fine motor skill? - ANSWER-Feeding yourself with a spoon Pain cries can usually be differentiated from basic or mad cries by their: - ANSWER-Sudden Onset Even though he is only 20 days old, Cherokee appears to be very happy and vocal around other people. How would a theorist use the concept of temperament to explain his behavior? - ANSWER-A temperament theorist would argue that Cherokee is high in surgency/extraversion. How would 12-month-old Kenley locomote? - ANSWER-She Would Crawl Around The Room Preoperational thinker Blake has edged his way close to the top rim of the Grand Canyon. His mother then asks him, "What do you think someone at the bottom of the canyon looking up would see?" Given the egocentric nature of his thought, Blake's most likely response would be - ANSWER-"the same thing I see." Bob is a normally developing 18-month-old. According to Piaget, Bob is most likely in the ____ period of cognitive development - ANSWER-sensorimotor The best predictor of a large vocabulary in a young child is: - ANSWER-exposure to a high-quality language environment. A child whose vocabulary is dominated by names of objects, actions, or persons is said to have a(n) ____ style. - ANSWER-referential
confirmation bias - ANSWER-A tendency to confirm what we already believe Scientific theories are evidence based: - ANSWER-1. Make observation
- Generate Theory
- Gather Evidence Correlations (positive and negative) - ANSWER-Correlations suggest a relationship however cannot establish causation. Positive= go up and down together Negative= One goes up and the other goes down Scientific Process - ANSWER-1. Theory
- Evidence
- Peer Review
- Replication and debate Independent Measures - ANSWER-Compare manipulated group to control group Repeated measures - ANSWER-compare one group before and after manipulation One group; multiple tests field study - ANSWER-takes place in the real world cross-sectional study - ANSWER-observes different age groups at one time case study - ANSWER-a qualitative study of a single individual or small group. -Appropriate for rare cases High levels of serotonin are associated with what type of behavior? - ANSWER- Aggressive Qualitative Research - ANSWER-seeks in-depth, open-ended responses, not yes or no answers
Cohort effects - ANSWER-problem with cross-sectional designs in which differences between age groups (cohorts) may result as easily from environmental events as from developmental processes sequential design - ANSWER-multiple groups of people are tested over time, based on either multiple longitudinal or cross sectional designs. Epigenetics - ANSWER-Chemicals that can effect genes, alter the expression of genes, and are heritable. -Easy to manipulate -Lifetime experiences can change them Periods of Parental Development - ANSWER-1st: Zygote 2nd: Blastocyst 3rd: Embryo 4th: Fetal Zygote - ANSWER--Fertilized egg -Lasts 2 weeks -Separation of cells begin -Placenta begins to form Blastocyst - ANSWER-When zygote embeds in the uterus Embryo - ANSWER--Term given to the zygote once it is completely embedded in the uterine wall. -Has three layers -Lasts 2-8 weeks -Heart starts to beat -Amniotic sac fills with fluid -Umbilical cord connects to the placenta -Follows two principles
Vernix - ANSWER-a greasy substance that protects the fetus in utero and can still be present at birth tetatogens - ANSWER-Chemicals or agents that can cause harm if ingested by the mother during pregnancy. Locomotion breakdown in children: - ANSWER-7 months: can sit upright 9 months: Stand with support 11 months: Walk with support 15 months: walk dynamic systems theory - ANSWER-the view that development is a self-organizing process, in which new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interactions between a biological being and cultural and environmental contexts Differentiation - ANSWER-mastery of component skills Component skills include - ANSWER-Balance and limb control Integration - ANSWER-Combining components into the sequence needed to accomplish the task Fine Motor Skills Breakdown in early childhood: - ANSWER-4 months: Infants clumsily reach for objects 5 months: They coordinate movement of the 2 hands 2-3 years:Can use zippers but not buttons 5-6 years: gross motor skills increase Emerging Senses in babies - ANSWER-1. Sight: Babies are nearsighted and colorblind at birth
- Sound: Limited Range of hearing
- Smell and taste are very developed and strong
Habituation - ANSWER-Infants spend more time looking at new stimuli Assimilation - ANSWER-Fitting new experiences in with the existing sachems
