Download HIV, Oncology, Hematology Latest Exam 2025 2026 With Correct Verified Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
HIV, Oncology, Hematology Latest Exam 2025-
2026 With Correct Verified Answers
A patient develops urticaria, itching, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis 24 hours after a blood transfusion therapy. What could be the possible reason behind this? - correct answer>>Allergic transfusion reactions Which clotting disorder may be caused by X-linked inheritance? - correct answer>>Hemophilia A Which type of transfusion is preferred to replace blood volume and clotting factors? - correct answer>>Plasma transfusions What statement by a patient diagnosed with hemophilia indicates a need for further teaching? - correct answer>>"I have been flossing my teeth once a day." The nurse is educating a patient who is taking an anticoagulant drug. Which patient statement indicates a need for further teaching? - correct answer>>"I should take aspirin whenever I have severe pain." The nurse is to administer packed red blood cells to a patient. How does the nurse ensure proper patient identification? - correct answer>>Reviews all information with another registered nurse What symptom is priority for the nurse to assess for in a patient diagnosed with hemophilia A? - correct answer>>Joint swelling What trigger is suspected in the production of autoimmune antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura? - correct answer>>Virus What is a possible complication if a filtered, straight, long tubing with a 19-gauge needle is used to transfuse pooled platelets? - correct answer>>Occlusion of the lumen of tubing Which condition is contraindicated for acute normovolemic hemodilution autologous blood transfusion therapy? - correct answer>>Anemia Which statement indicates a failure of blood clotting as a result of hemophilia? - correct answer>>Formation of the fibrin mesh is inadequate to stop the bleeding.
While caring for a patient diagnosed with hemophilia, the nurse notices swelling around the ankle and knee. What action should the nurse take first? - correct answer>>Contact the health care provider What disorder is classified by less than 150,000 platelets per microliter? - correct answer>>Thrombocytopenia A nurse is counseling a patient who wishes to donate blood for autologous use during surgery. The nurse advises the patient that the blood can be stored for how long? - correct answer>>40 days A patient with leukemia has raised red spots on the legs, but the nurse notes no injury or trauma. How does the nurse identify this finding? - correct answer>>Petechiae A patient with multiple myeloma reports bone pain that is unrelieved by analgesics. How does the nurse respond to this patient's problem? - correct answer>>"Would you like to try some relaxation techniques?" What is the priority for the nurse in caring for a patient with sickle cell anemia who is in crisis? - correct answer>>Restoring tissue perfusion A patient with anemia is prescribed a transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to be administered over 4 hours. What is the approximate volume to be transfused? - correct answer>>200 to 250 mL . What patient is at a lower risk for febrile transfusion reactions? - correct answer>>A patient receiving leukocyte-reduced red blood cell transfusion What risk factors are associated with higher incidence of development of heparin- induced thrombocytopenia in patients? - correct answer>>Exposure to unfractionated heparin What percentage of patients diagnosed with hemophilia account for the form of hemophilia called "Christmas disease"? - correct answer>>20% Which symptom is a sign that the patient is experiencing circulatory overload when receiving a blood transfusion? - correct answer>>Confusion
Which type of transfusion therapy may be safe even if the ABO factors are incompatible? - correct answer>>Pooled platelets Which type of transfusion requires more stringent monitoring every 15 minutes throughout the transfusion? - correct answer>>White blood cell transfusions Which laboratory value indicates hemophilia? - correct answer>>Increased partial thromboplastin time Which type of leukemia most commonly has its onset during adulthood? - correct answer>>Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) What type of transfusion reaction is characterized by rapid onset of dyspnea and hypoxia within 6 hours of transfusion? - correct answer>>Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) The nurse is teaching the family and patient newly diagnosed with leukemia about the disease's complications and its treatment. Which teaching point is essential for the nurse to emphasize? - correct answer>>Handwashing Which intravenous solution is compatible for administration with blood products? - correct answer>>Normal saline Which patient is at increased risk for development of hemophilia? - correct answer>>The son of the woman who is a carrier A patient has pallor; jaundice; a smooth, beefy-red tongue; has been experiencing difficulty with balance and reports tingling of the hands and feet. The patient's lab work indicates macrocytic anemia. The nurse notifies the provider of these findings and anticipates an order for which medication? - correct answer>>Vitamin B 12 The patient with which condition is at increased risk for developing cancer later in life? - correct answer>>Myelodysplastic syndrome A patient diagnosed with acute liver failure should be assessed for what coagulation disorder? - correct answer>>Hemophilia What are serious side effects of hydroxuria prescribed for a patient with sickle cell anemia? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Leukemia Bone marrow suppression
A patient with a large, painless lymph node has a biopsy that reveals Reed-Sternberg cells. Which form of cancer does this finding indicate? - correct answer>>Hodgkin's lymphoma Which signs are neurologic manifestations of acute leukemia? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Fever Fatigue Headache Which intervention most effectively protects a patient with thrombocytopenia? - correct answer>>Encouraging the use of an electric shaver The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The patient's platelet count is 38,000/mm 3. What treatment does the nurse anticipate for this patient? - correct answer>>Corticosteroids Which transfusion procedure often causes transfusion-induced reactions like fever and chills? - correct answer>>Pooled donor platelet transfusion Which disorder causes antiplatelet antibody formation even when platelet production is normal? - correct answer>>Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura Which laboratory parameter helps to differentiate between classic hemophilia and Christmas disease? - correct answer>>Coagulation factor Which intervention may increase the risk of fluid overload during transfusion therapy in older adults? - correct answer>>Administering normal saline concurrently in a second intravenous site A patient who is actively bleeding has a platelet count of 40,000 per microliter of blood. The patient has a history of febrile transfusion reactions. Which blood product would be safe for transfusion in this patient? - correct answer>>Platelets from a single donor The nurse is providing teaching for a patient who follows a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate regarding a sufficient intake of vitamin B 12? - correct answer>>"Egg yolks contain a high amount of vitamin B 12." What treatment does the nurse anticipate for a patient with a platelet count of 8, mm 3? - correct answer>>Platelet transfusion
The nurse is providing teaching to a patient scheduled for a splenectomy secondary to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). What teaching is priority? - correct answer>>Risk for infection A 35-year-old female complains of bruises on her legs, arms, and thighs and has heavy menstrual bleeding. While taking the medical history of patient, the nurse finds that the patient had a history of frequent nose and gum bleeding. A complete blood count revealed the platelet count to be 10,000 mm 3. What should be the immediate intervention given to the patient? - correct answer>>Transfusing platelets A patient with leukemia has a blood pressure of 170/95 mm Hg along with a bounding pulse. The nurse suspects that these findings are most likely related to which hematologic changes in this patient? - correct answer>>Elevated white blood cells The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who has repeated vasoocclusive episodes caused by sickle cell disease (SCD). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? - correct answer>>"I can drink beer in moderation." The provider has recommended chemotherapy for a patient diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). What does the nurse tell the patient about this treatment? - correct answer>>"Chemotherapy may produce remission of CLL." The nurse is caring for a patient with sickle cell disease. Which drug in the patient's care plan indicates the need to carefully watch the patient's behavior? - correct answer>>Opioids The nurse is teaching a patient with iron deficiency anemia about increasing the intake of dietary iron. The nurse considers the teaching successful when the patient makes which food selection? - correct answer>>Roast beef The nurse is caring for a patient with sickle cell disease (SCD). Which action is most effective in reducing the potential for sepsis in this patient? - correct answer>>Frequent and thorough handwashing Which organ systems are usually the first to sustain long-term damage as a result of vasoocclusive crises associated with sickle cell disease? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Liver Spleen
A patient develops chills, tachycardia, fever, hypotension, and tachypnea after the initiation of blood infusion therapy, due to anti-white blood cell (WBC) antibodies. What intervention before initiation of the therapy could have minimized the risk of this complication? - correct answer>>Using WBC reduced blood What patient is an ideal candidate for plasma transfusion therapy? - correct answer>>A patient with a prothrombin deficiency The nurse is teaching a patient about induction therapy for acute leukemia. Which patient statement indicates a need for additional education? - correct answer>>"After this therapy, I will not need to have any more." The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with autoimmune idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The patient's platelet count is 6,000/mm 3. What treatment should be administered first? - correct answer>>Platelets What type of transfusion reaction is characterized by disseminating intravascular coagulation? - correct answer>>Hemolytic transfusion reactions A patient with iron deficiency anemia has a prescription for ferrous sulfate. Which finding by the nurse indicates a positive outcome from the medication? - correct answer>>Increased energy Which would be an appropriate task to delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) working on a medical-surgical unit? - correct answer>>Obtaining vital signs on a patient receiving a blood transfusion A patient reports anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. The laboratory findings of the patient show decreased levels of platelets and chronic hepatitis. The patient had received transfusion therapy 2 weeks before the manifestations appeared. What could be the possible reason behind the patient's condition? - correct answer>>Transfusion- associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) A patient with thrombocytopenia is being discharged. What information does the nurse incorporate into the teaching plan for this patient? - correct answer>>"Use a soft- bristled toothbrush." A patient reports severe chest pain, back pain, joint pain, hypertension, and redness of the head and neck after receiving a transfusion therapy. The primary health care
symptoms indicate which phase of this type of leukemia? - correct answer>>Accelerated phase A patient presents to the emergency department with a new onset of bruising and a petechial rash around the upper chest and arms. The patient's lab demonstrates a platelet count of 51,000 platelets per milliliter. What action by the nurse is most appropriate? - correct answer>>Implement bleeding precautions Which nursing intervention is priority when caring for a patient diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? - correct answer>>Assessing for headache and confusion Which patient does the nurse consider at risk for folic acid deficiency anemia? - correct answer>>Patient with Crohn's disease A hematology unit is staffed by RNs, LPN/LVNs, and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). When the nurse manager is reviewing documentation of staff members, which entry indicates that the staff member needs education about his or her appropriate level of responsibility and patient care? - correct answer>>"Patient reporting increased shortness of breath; oxygen increased to 4 L by nasal cannula. M.N., UAP" The nurse is assessing a patient who will be undergoing a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The medical history of the patient shows past allergic reactions to this type of transfusion therapy. What would be the correct line of treatment? - correct answer>>Infusion of leukocyte-reduced red blood cells The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with septic shock. The patient develops bleeding from puncture sites after a blood draw. What complications does the nurse suspect? - correct answer>>Disseminated intravascular coagulation The nurse is caring for a patient with neutropenia who has a suspected infection. Which intervention does the nurse implement first? - correct answer>>Obtain requested cultures A patient develops fever, chills, and shock rapidly after initiation of infusion therapy. The primary health care provider diagnoses the condition as a bacterial infection and advises termination of the therapy. Which assessment finding supports the diagnosis? - correct answer>>Cloudiness of the product in the blood bag
What treatment does the nurse expect a patient diagnosed with hemophilia to receive?
- correct answer>>Synthetic factor VIII A 56-year-old patient admitted with a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is prescribed intravenous cytosine arabinoside for 7 days and an infusion of daunorubicin for the first 3 days. An infection develops. What knowledge does the nurse use to determine that the appropriate antibiotic has been prescribed for this patient? - correct answer>>Checking the culture and sensitivity test results The nurse is counseling an African American couple who both have hemoglobin S (HbS). What does the nurse tell this couple about the risk of sickle cell disease for their children? - correct answer>>"There is a 50% chance for each child to have the sickle cell trait." The registered nurse teaches a student nurse about the actions to be followed after an infusion of blood products. Which statement made by the student nurse shows ineffective understanding? - correct answer>>"I will monitor the vital signs of the patient after the transfusion." Which patient does the nurse identify as at risk for iron deficiency anemia? - correct answer>>Patient who has undergone a Roux-en-Y procedure for obesity Which antihemophilic drug is obtained from animal serum? - correct answer>>Hyate: C A patient diagnosed with septic shock should be assessed for which complication? - correct answer>>Disseminated intravascular coagulation Which patient is least likely to require red blood cell transfusion therapy? - correct answer>>A patient with a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL. The nurse is caring for a patient who is in sickle cell crisis. Which nursing action is a priority? - correct answer>>Provide pain medications as needed The nurse is assessing the endurance level of a patient in a long-term care facility. What question does the nurse ask to get this information? - correct answer>>"Do you feel more tired after you get up and go to the bathroom?" The nurse is assessing a newly admitted patient with thrombocytopenia. Which factor needs immediate intervention? - correct answer>>Nosebleed
A patient with leukemia has a platelet count of 7000/mm 3. Which intervention does the nurse implement to prevent injury? - correct answer>>Obtain an order for stool softeners The nurse is teaching a patient who has just been diagnosed with polycythemia vera (PV) about long-term management of this disease. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? - correct answer>>"I should floss my teeth to promote good dental health." A patient with leukemia is being discharged from the hospital. After hearing the nurse's instructions to keep regularly scheduled follow-up provider appointments, the patient says, "I don't have transportation." How does the nurse respond? - correct answer>>"The local American Cancer Society may be able to help." The student nurse starts the infusion of packed red blood cells in a patient who is already on intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy; the infusion goes through the same IV line. What complication would be expected? - correct answer>>Clotting A patient who has undergone stem cell transplantation develops graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and is prescribed cyclosporine. The nurse teaches the patient that this drug is given for which purpose? - correct answer>>To inhibit immune activity of donor T-cells Which blood product may be administered to a patient diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? - correct answer>>Fresh frozen plasma The nurse is infusing platelets to a patient who is scheduled for a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). What procedure does the nurse follow? - correct answer>>Infuse the transfusion over a 15- to 30-minute period. The nurse finds that the contents of the blood bag are cloudy and discolored and observes the presence of gas bubbles. What would the nurse infer from these findings? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>The blood bag has bacterial growth The contents of the blood bag are hemolyzed A patient diagnosed with thrombocytopenia is advised transfusion therapy with platelets from a single donor. Which nursing intervention helps in improving the effectiveness of the therapy? - correct answer>>Initiating the therapy immediately after receiving the product
The nurse is preparing to administer a bone marrow transplant using peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) to a patient with leukemia. Which action is necessary for safe administration of this product? - correct answer>>Thawing the peripheral blood stem cells prior to infusion What type of transfusion reaction can be prevented by using irradiated blood products?
- correct answer>>Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) The nurse is providing teaching for a female patient diagnosed with hemophilia A. What statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? - correct answer>>"I will be able to use steroids to help my body create the clotting factors." Which nursing action during the transfusion therapy of fresh frozen plasma may lead to complications? - correct answer>>Using small filters with shorter tubing A patient with leukemia will begin induction therapy with a combination of chemotherapeutic agents. The nurse explains to the patient that induction therapy has which treatment goal? - correct answer>>Remission of all disease manifestations A patient with neutropenia who is receiving amphotericin B therapy is prescribed white blood cell (WBC) transfusion therapy. Which intervention needs correction? - correct answer>>Placing a long filtered tubing for infusion An 82-year-old patient with anemia is requested to receive 2 units of whole blood. Which assessment findings cause the nurse to discontinue the transfusion because it is unsafe for the patient? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Hypotension Hypertension Rapid, bounding pulse Which types of transfusions do not require the recipient and donor to have the same blood type? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Platelet transfusions white blood cell transusions A nurse is caring for a group of patients who are all about to receive transfusions. Which order requires correction? - correct answer>>Administer platelets with Ringer's lactate solution The nurse is teaching a patient about pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain management during a sickle cell crisis. Which method does the nurse encourage? - correct answer>>Use a warm compress on swollen joints
A patient recently diagnosed with polycythemia vera (PV) has a serum hemoglobin of 20 g/dL, elevated leukocytes and platelets, a purplish flushed appearance, and reports intense itching. A family member asks the nurse if the patient will get better. How does the nurse respond? - correct answer>>"With aggressive management, people can live for over 10 years." An African American patient taking a thiazide diuretic develops hemolytic anemia. The nurse notifies the provider and anticipates an order to test this patient for which type of anemia? - correct answer>>G6PD deficiency A registered nurse (RN) from pediatrics has "floated" to the medical-surgical unit. Which patient should be assigned to the float nurse? - correct answer>> 42 - year-old with sickle cell disease receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells The primary health care provider prescribes a blood transfusion for a patient with anemia. What would be the consequences if the blood transfusion is performed along with the administration of lactated Ringer's solution? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Formation of clots Destruction of red blood cells A recently admitted patient who is in sickle cell crisis requests "something for pain." What does the nurse administer? - correct answer>>Intravenous (IV) hydromorphone What should be assessed when ruling out intracranial bleeding in a patient diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Mental status Neurologic function What findings indicate significant blood loss in a patient diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Hematocrit 25% Hemoglobin 9 g/dL What laboratory reports should be assessed for complications secondary to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Creatinine Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) A patient has been diagnosed with immunohemolytic anemia. What does the nurse anticipate administering to the patient to treat this disorder? - correct answer>>Steroids
A patient is being treated for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. What does the nurse anticipate administering to reduce the clumping of the platelets? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Aspirin Alprostadil Which description most accurately explains induction chemotherapy for the treatment of acute leukemia? - correct answer>>Aggressive combination of chemotherapy given to achieve a rapid, complete remission of symptoms What is the focus of management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Prevention of platelet clumping Stopping the autoimmune process A patient who has had stem cell implantation after unsuccessful chemotherapy with an alkylating agent has had a sudden increase in weight. Which physical assessment does the nurse expect in this patient? - correct answer>>Ascites with right upper quadrant pain A patient is prescribed a 200 mL infusion of packed red blood cells to be administered over 2 hours. What would be the consequence if the blood product is diluted with normal saline and infused at a rate of 3 mL/min? - correct answer>>Fluid overload A patient will undergo testing of an involved lymph node, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and beta2-microglobulin levels based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. Which medical condition does the nurse suspect the patient has? - correct answer>>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) A patient diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura should be assessed for which complications? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Renal failure Myocardial infarction Cerebrovascular accident Where are the level defects that cause coagulation disorders? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Platelet Vascular Clotting factor Which clinical manifestations are associated with sickle cell crisis in a patient with sickle cell disease? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Jaundice Pallor
A patient who has undergone an allogeneic stem cell transplant is showing regressive chimerism 4 weeks after the graft. The nurse anticipates preparing the patient for which procedure? - correct answer>>Transplantation of more stem cells A patient with leukemia who is undergoing chemotherapy reports increasing fatigue. A family member tells the nurse that the patient has difficulty eating and asks what the patient should eat to help improve energy. What does the nurse recommend for this patient? - correct answer>>High-carbohydrate and high-protein foods The nurse is teaching a patient with newly diagnosed anemia about conserving energy. What should the nurse tell the patient? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>"Provide yourself with four to six small, easy-to-eat meals daily." "Stop activity when shortness of breath or palpitations are present." "Allow others to perform your care during periods of extreme fatigue." "Drink small quantities of protein shakes and nutritional supplements daily." What vaccinations are recommended for a patient who is scheduled for a splenectomy? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Pneumococcal Meningococcal Haemophilus influenza The nurse is caring for a female patient who has been receiving prophylactic heparin following surgery 10 days ago. The patient has swelling and tenderness in the right leg, and laboratory results show low platelets. What drugs are most likely to be prescribed for this patient? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Argatroban (Acova) Lepirudin (Refludan) The nurse is reinforcing information about genetic counseling to a patient with sickle cell disease (SCD) who has a healthy spouse. What information does the nurse include? - correct answer>>"The sickle cell trait will be inherited by your children." The nurse is caring for a patient with multiple sclerosis who presents with a petechial rash on the upper chest and neck. Laboratory results show low platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, as well as high megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. What drugs are most likely to be prescribed for this patient? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Rituximab (Rituxan) Azathioprine (Imuran) Which statements are true regarding blood group compatibility? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Individuals with a positive Rh factor have the Rh antigen.
Individuals with blood type A have A antigens and anti-B antibodies. Individuals with blood type B have B antigens and anti-A antibodies. A nurse is caring for a patient who received a blood transfusion four hours ago and is experiencing shortness of breath. Oxygen saturation is at 89%. What is the nurse's priority intervention? - correct answer>>Inform the physician and prepare for intubation Which patient is at highest risk for development of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? - correct answer>>A 30-year-old female with Hashimoto's thyroiditis Which factor is a possible cause of sickle cell crisis in a patient with sickle cell disease? - correct answer>>Dysuria with cloudy urine What are the risk factors for the development of leukemia? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Down syndrome Correct Ionizing radiation Chemical exposure Bone marrow hypoplasia Which assessment findings are consistent with a diagnosis of leukemia? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Pallor Brown urine Frequent colds Multiple bruises The complete blood count results for a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia shows a platelet count of 40,000/mm 3. Which activity would the nurse instruct the patient to perform? - correct answer>>Report any abdominal distention immediately The registered nurse is teaching a novice nurse about transfusion in older patients. Which statement by the novice nurse indicates effective learning? - correct answer>>" to 4 hours should be taken to administer one unit of blood." The nurse is caring for a patient with polycythemia vera. Which nursing intervention is a priority for this patient? - correct answer>>Elevating the feet while sitting What interventions does the nurse include when planning care for a patient diagnosed with thrombocytopenia? Select all that apply. - correct answer>>Avoid venipuncture Apply ice to areas of trauma
