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Georgia History Exemption Exam/2025 easy pass
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Albany Movement - Desegregation coalition formed in Albany, Georgia, quickly became a broad-front nonviolent attack on every aspect of segregation within the city. Bus stations, libraries, and lunch counters reserved for White Americans were occupied by African Americans, boycotts were launched, and hundreds of protesters marched on City Hall. Alexander Stephens - Georgia Congressman who supported the Georgia Platform in 1850 and fought against secession in 1861 but eventually became the Vice President of the Confederate States of America. Andersonville - One of the most brutal prison camps in the Civil War. Union prisoner of war camp near Andersonville, Georgia. Estimated 12,000 Union soldiers died there from disease and starvation. Liberated in 1865 Andrew Young - Aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Ga's first black representative to the House of Representatives since Reconstruction. US Ambassador to the United Nations. Succeeded Jackson as mayor. Brought the Democratic Convention to Georgia and the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta. Atlanta - - Largest city in Georgia and the Deep South
- Capital of modern Georgia
- originally named Terminus, as it became the South's most important rail hub and manufacturing center;
- set ablaze by General Sherman
Atlanta Campaign - was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta, Georgia, during the summer of 1864, leading to the eventual fall of Atlanta and hastening the end of the American Civil War Atlanta Compromise - Argument put forward by Booker T. Washington that African- Americans should not focus on civil rights or social equality but concentrate on economic self- improvement Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 - Mass civil disturbance in Atlanta, September 22-24, 1906 characterized at the time by Le Petit Journal and other media outlets as a "racial massacre of negroes". The death toll of the conflict was at least 25 African Americans along with 2 confirmed European Americans Battle of Bloody Marsh - In 1742, Oglethorpe's forces, along with help from the Highland Scots, surprised Spanish troops at St. Simon's Is;and and forced them back across the Florida border. This marked the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British. Battle of Chickamauga - Fought September 19-20, 1863, marked the end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia called the Chickamauga Campaign. The battle was the most significant Union defeat in the Western Theater of the American Civil War and involved the second highest number of casualties in the war following the Battle of Gettysburg. It was the first major battle of the war that was fought in Georgia. Battle of Kennesaw Mountain - Fought on June 27, 1864, during the Atlanta Campaign of the civil War. It was the most significant frontal assault launched by Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, ending in a tactical defeat for the Union forces. Battle of Kettle Creek - First colonial victory in Georgia on Feb. 14, 1779; important to Georgia because it increased morale and the militia was able to take horses and much needed weapons from the British
Ellis Arnall - - Ga Governor. He reformed GA;s government by: removing the Board of Regents from the Governor's office, lowering the voting age to 18 years old, abolishing the poll tax in Georgia. revising the state's constitution, and paying off state debt. First governor to serve 4 year term Eugene Talmadge - GA Governor during the Great Depression; served 2 terms. Was popular among rural farmers, county unit system helped get him elected. Was a white supremacist, tried to fire those who supported integration of schools. Was against the New Deal; his opposition to it hurt rural farmers. Fall Line - - the point on a river where there is an abrupt drop in elevation of the land and where numerous waterfalls occur.
- it is the ancient coastline of the southern tier of North America when sea-levels wer higher
- Navigation up-stream beyond this feature stops
- ultimately towns located just beyond this natural boundary were important river ports (like Macon)
- The line in the eastern US is located where streams pass from harder to softer rocks.[E - M.Y.] Fletcher v. Peck - (1810) First time the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional. It protected property rights and allowed the invalidation of state laws that conflicted with the Constitution. Georgia capitals - Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, Atlanta Georgia Gold Rush - The discovery of gold near the Georgia city Dahlonega led to the forced removal of the Cherokee Indians (known as the Trail of Tears) Georgia Platform - Georgia's reaction to the Compromise of 1850 - that is would support California becoming a free state as long as northern states abided by the fugitive slave act.
Georgia Trustees - They gave out land between the Savannah and Altamaha Rivers. They also prohibited having rum and owning African Slaves. Henry Grady - Editor of the Atlanta Constitution, preached about economically diversified "New South" with industries and small farms, and absent of the influence of the pre-war planter elite in the political world. Herman Talmadge - - Eugene Talmadge's Son.
- Governor for 2 terms,
- Expanded education to grades 1-12 and lengthened to 9 months
- Created 3% sales tax to pay for educational changes
- later, became a U.S. Senator Hernando de Soto - Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition deep into the modern-day Southeastern United States (Florida, Georgia, Alabama and most likely Arkansas) in 1540, and the first documented European to have crossed the Mississippi River. Hope Scholarship - A scholarship program established in 1993 that provides money for tuition, fees, and books for Georgia high school students who graduate with a B average and who choose to attend one of Georgia's public colleges or universities; students who choose to attend a private Georgia college or university may be eligible for scholarships of up to $3,000. Indigo, Silk - - Brought to GA by Europeans
- became a new major cash crop Ivan Allen, Jr. - Allowed AA police to arrest whites and allowed AA's to serve as firefighters. By 1964 he desegregated all public facilities (including schools) in ATL. Forward
- Went on to do more for African Americans than all other governors before him; including, appointing more African-Americans to government positions than any previously, and raised teacher salaries March to the Sea - The name commonly given to the Savannah Campaign conducted in late 1864 by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta, Georgia, on November 15 and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 22. Martin Luther King, Jr. - U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. He opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964) Robert Toombs - - A senator and extremist from Georgia who said that the South would never let the federal government be controlled by the Republican party; lead the fight for secession against Stephens; Whig party; a founding father of the Confederacy. Writer of confederate constitution. Salzburgers - Some of the first immigrants to the new Georgia colony in the 1730's From Austria came to Georgia to escape religious persecution (they were protestants, not Catholics) settled Ebenezer/New Ebenezer opposed slavery Sam Massel - First Jewish mayor of atl in 1969 Scottish Highlanders - - Added protection to GAs southern border
- fought with Oglethorpe to fight off the Spanish Sequoyah - Cherokee leader who developed the alphabet for the Cherokee language.
Sibley Commission - Investigation by lawyer John Sibley to determine what should be done about integration in the state; though 60% of Georgians claimed they would rather close the public schools than integrate, Sibley recommended that public schools desegregate on a limited basis. Siege of Savannah - American Revolution battle in GA; loss for Georgia as the militia and continental army failed to retake GA's capital city from British control Special Field Order 15 - An order by General William T. Sherman in January 1865 to set aside abandoned land (forty acres and a mule) along the southern Atlantic coast for forty-acre grants to freedmen. It was rescinded by President Andrew Johnson later that year. Thomas Watson - A politician, attorney, newspaper editor, and writer from Georgia. In the 1890's Watson championed poor farmers as a leader of the Populist Party, articulating an agrarian political viewpoint while attacking business, bankers, railroads, Democratic President Grover Cleveland, and the Democratic Party. Three Governors Controversy - - Eugene Talmadge had served two terms as governor and could not run again.
- Ellis Arnall was elected and served only one term
- Eugene ran, again, against him and won, but died before he was inaugurated.
- Newly elected Lt. governor Melvin Thompson believed he was to be governor since the new state constitution stated the Lt. governor was to take over if the governor could not
- Herman Talmadge (Eugene's son) was placed in office by the General Assembly.
- Ellis Arnall refused to leave office until the matter was settled.
- State supreme court stated General Assembly's action was unconstitutional, and Thompson was placed in office until a special election was held.
- Herman Talmadge won the special election
- Also made the western border of Georgia the Chattahoochee River?
