Download Geography 2050 LSU Exam 1: Questions and Answers and more Exams Geography in PDF only on Docsity!
questions and correct solutions.
GEOGRAPHY 2050 LSU Exam 1 with 240
questions and correct solutions.
Latitude - ANSWER -lines that run east and west on earth.
-Starts at 0.
-Marks the line of the equator:divide the earth into two equal halves.
-comes to 90 degrees North at the North pole and the South.
-Parallels
what marks the line of the equator? - ANSWER Latitude lines
Longitude - ANSWER -lines that run north and south an measure east and west.
-0 degrees longitude is the prime meridian
-meridians
where does the prime meridian run? - ANSWER -Greenwich, England
-no east or west because it is just 0 degrees
international date line - ANSWER -180 degree line runs north and south
Tropic of Cancer - ANSWER -northern line
-23.5 N
tropic of capricorn - ANSWER -23.5 S
-southern line
What are latitude and longitude lines given in? - ANSWER -degrees, minutes, and seconds
questions and correct solutions.
What can be used instead of minutes and seconds? - ANSWER decimal degrees
What kind of Numbers are Northern and Eastern Hemispheres given? - ANSWER Postive Numbers
what kind of numbers are the southern and western hemisphere given? - ANSWER negative
How do my phone and my car know where i am? - ANSWER The global positioning System (GPS)
Cartography - ANSWER the science and art of map making
what is the most efficient mean of communicating spatial info? - ANSWER Maps
what do maps do? - ANSWER reduce the size of geographic space
what is the only thing that accurately depicts the earth? - ANSWER a globe
what happens when you put the earth's curved surface onto a flat map? - ANSWER distortion
what do map projections do? - ANSWER correct for distortion
Great Circle - ANSWER Continuous line that bisects the globe into two equal halves; the shorter distance between two points on earth
what is the only great circle parallel? - ANSWER the equator
small circle - ANSWER continous line that forms a circle smaller than the equator
-not straight lines
questions and correct solutions.
4.LIDAR
Satellite Imagery - ANSWER the most important means of acquiring data used to monitor Earth physical systems
Doppler Radar - ANSWER uses microwave energy to measure velocity and direction of movement of particles of precipitation within a cloud
Sonar - ANSWER sound navigation and ranging
LIDAR - ANSWER light detection and ranging
how do we know mountains are hidden deep in the ocean? - ANSWER sonar mapping
Geographic information system (gis) - ANSWER -use computers to capture, store ,analyze and display spatial data
what are the advantages of gis? - ANSWER -interactive
-continually refined
-each layer serves a purpose
Name the Scientific method in order. - ANSWER 1. observations
2.questions
3.develop a hypothesis
4.collect data
- test the hypothesis
6.further inquiry
questions and correct solutions.
Easter Island scientific method example - ANSWER Observation: stone status
question: how were the statues moved across the island
collect data: pollen
Hypothesis: log rollers
Test the hypothesis: log rollers really do work
Further inquiry:collapse of society
Fracking - ANSWER hydraulic fluid into the ground and get out natural gas with it
what are the two main groups of gasses? - ANSWER -permanent and variable
permanent gases - ANSWER amounts fluctuate only a little
how much of the earths atmosphere is composed of two permanent gases? - ANSWER -99%
-nitrogen and oxygen
what is another name for variable gases? - ANSWER trace gases
variable gases - ANSWER exist in extremely small quantities and change in their amounts
what is one category of variable gases? - ANSWER greenhouse gases
questions and correct solutions.
aerosols - ANSWER microscopic solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere. Includes cloud droplets.
cloud droplets - ANSWER microscopic drops of liquid water
what does gravity do to the atmosphere? - ANSWER keeps the molecules in the atmosphere and oceans pinned to the planet, giving them weight
how much of the atmosphere is found on the earths surface? - ANSWER 99%
where is density of air greatest? and why? - ANSWER -near sea level
-weight of the atmosphere above compresses the air
what is the average sea level pressure? - ANSWER 1013.25 mb
At sea level, there is approximately ____ pressing on every square_______ of all objects. - ANSWER 1 kg; centimeter
what are homosphere and the heterosphere layers of the atmosphere based on? - ANSWER - concentration of gases
what does the homosphere act as? - ANSWER -one
The heterosphere is_______. - ANSWER mixed unevenly
What are the layers of the atmosphere? - ANSWER four layers separated by changes in Temperature with height
questions and correct solutions.
Troposphere - ANSWER extends from Earth's surface up to about 12km (7.5 mi) on average
where does all weather occur? - ANSWER the troposphere
What happens when you move higher in the troposphere? - ANSWER air generally decreases
enviromental lapse rate - ANSWER the rate of cooling with increasing altitude in the troposphere. Unique to all locations
What is the average environmental lapse rate - ANSWER 6.5 degrees C per 1000 m
Temperature inversions in the troposphere - ANSWER -often develop in valleys
-Usually no more than a few hundred meters thick
-can trap pollutants near the ground surface
-Can create sleet and freezing rain
Roughly how much of the atmospheres mass is in the troposphere? - ANSWER 80%
Where does all of earth's weather occur? - ANSWER the troposphere
What is limited to the troposphere? - ANSWER clouds, storms and precipitation
what experiences strong vertical mixing? - ANSWER The troposphere
Tropopause - ANSWER where the troposphere ends
where do almost all cloud tops end due to temperature inversion in the stratosphere? - ANSWER tropopause
questions and correct solutions.
Ultraviolet radiation - ANSWER solar radiation that has shorter wavelengths than visible light
ozonosphere - ANSWER a region of the stratosphere with high concentration of ozone molecules that block UV radiation
aurora borealis - ANSWER northern lights
aurora australis - ANSWER southern lights
where do the aurora occur? - ANSWER ionosphere
What causes auroras? - ANSWER -gas molecules energized by charged particles called the solar winds
Where are auroras mostly found? - ANSWER near the poles where earths magnetic field concentrates solar wind's particles
Air Pollution - ANSWER harmful concentrations of gases or aerosols in the atmosphere
where does pollution originate from - ANSWER -natural as well as anthropogenic sources
what produces carbon monoxide and volcanoes release sulfur compounds? - ANSWER wildfires
where do most anthropogenic pollutants come from? - ANSWER burning fossil fuels
primary pollutant - ANSWER enters the air or water directly from its source
questions and correct solutions.
Secondary Pollutant - ANSWER Forms in the air or water through chemical reactions among primary pollutants
What is a natural source of carbon monoxide? - ANSWER volcanic eruptions, forest fires, bacterial processes, and natural chemical reactions in the troposphere
Over ____ of anthropogenic SO2 emissions originate from burning coal to generate electricity - ANSWER 80%
what happens when sulfur dioxide is combined with nitrogen compounds? - ANSWER it forms droplets of sulfuric acid which can fall as acid rain
Acid rain - ANSWER -occurs downwind of volcanic eruptions and anthropogenic acid rain occurs mostly near industrial areas
-dissolves certain types of rock, and can change soil and water chemistry
Nitrogen Dioxide - ANSWER -toxic reddish brown gas produced mainly by vehicle tailpipe emissions
-irritates lung tissue and with chronic exposure , can lead to serious respiratory problems
-caused by burning coal emissions
Volatile Organic Compounds - ANSWER toxic compounds of hydrogen and carbon
Where does ground level ozone form? - ANSWER near the land surface
ionosphere - ANSWER electrically charged portion of our atmosphere
photochemical Smog - ANSWER formed by the action of sunlight on tailpipe emissions
ozone - ANSWER a pollutant in the lower atmosphere
questions and correct solutions.
what has replaced CFCS - ANSWER HFCs
-potent greenhouse gases
meteorological seasonality - ANSWER changes in temperature or precipitation over the year
astronomical seasons - ANSWER changes in the position of the sun and stars in the sky through the year
plane of the Ecliptic - ANSWER flat plane that the orbital paths of the planets trace
Earth is closer to the sun in ______ than it is in ______ - ANSWER -January
-July
Perihelion - ANSWER January
Aphelion - ANSWER July
what is the number one reason why we have seasons? - ANSWER the tilt of the Earths axis
What is the Earths axial tilt? - ANSWER 23.
Parallel axis - ANSWER Point to Polaris (NorthStar)
Subsolar Point - ANSWER single point at which Sun's rays are perpendicular to Earth's surface at or near noon (23.5 N and S)
what is the equinox at the equator? - ANSWER equal day and night
questions and correct solutions.
what is the latitude of the sub solar point? - ANSWER 90 degrees
what is the circle of illumination - ANSWER line separating day from night
what determines the solar altitude? - ANSWER sub solar point
solar altitude - ANSWER angle of the sun above the horizon
What does the solar altitude determine? - ANSWER intensity of noontime Sun
Where does the sub solar point migrate? - ANSWER between the tropic of Cancer(23.5 N) and capricorn (23.5 S)
Solar declination - ANSWER latitude of the sub solar point
explain the approximate solstices and equinoxes. (northern hemisphere) - ANSWER 1. December Solstice (12/21)- subsolar point at the Tropic of Capricorn (winter solstice)
- March Equinox (3/20)- sub solar point crosses equator (spring equinox)
- June solstice (6/21)-sub solar point at the Tropic of Cancer (summer solstice)
- September Equinox (9/22)-subsolar point crosses equator (fall equinox)
equinoxes - ANSWER all locations on earth have 12 hours of day and night
June solstice - ANSWER longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere
December solstice - ANSWER shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere
questions and correct solutions.
Geography - ANSWER the study of the spatial relationships among earth's physical and cultural features and how they develop and change through time
Tool kit:
Physical Geography - ANSWER The study of Earth's living and non living physical systems and how they change through space and time naturally or by human activity
tool kit:
spatial scale - ANSWER the physical size, length , distance, or area of an object or the physical space occupied by the object
tool kit:
temporal scale - ANSWER the window of time used to examine phenomena and process or the length of time over which they develop or change
tool kit:
matter - ANSWER any material that occupies space and has mass
tool kit :
Energy - ANSWER performs work on or can change the state of matter
tool kit :
oblate spheroid - ANSWER an imperfect sphere
tool kit:
why is the earth an oblate spheroid - ANSWER -distortion from Earth's rotation
-relief
-gravitational anomalies
questions and correct solutions.
tool kit:
where is Earth's rotation fastest? - ANSWER the equator
tool kit: energy of interest in physical geography - ANSWER -Radiant-the sun (electromagnetic waves)
-geothermal-earth's interior
-chemical-released through chemical reaction
tool kit
Atmosphere - ANSWER the layer of gases surrounding earth
tool kit:
Biosphere - ANSWER all life on earth
tool kit:
Lithosphere - ANSWER the rigid outer layer of Earth called the crust and the heated layer beneath it down to about 100 km
tool kit:
Hydrosphere - ANSWER all of Earth's water in its three phases : solid liquid and gas
tool kit:
Weather - ANSWER the state of the atmosphere at any given moment
tool kit: climate - ANSWER the long term average of weather and the average frequency of extreme weather events
tool kit:
crust - ANSWER the rise outermost portion of Earth Surface
questions and correct solutions.
All atmospheric phenomena are driven by .... - ANSWER solar energy
the angular distance measured from earth's center to a point east or west of the prime meridian is - ANSWER longitude
The location specified by the coordinates 48.36248 degrees,-123.49247 - ANSWER Northern and western hemisphere
The only type of map scale that remains accurate when the map is printed or photocopied in smaller or larger sizes is the? - ANSWER bar scale
Contour lines on a topographic map always? - ANSWER connect back to themselves
GIS maps are advantageous because they are - ANSWER interactive.
scientific hypothesis must be - ANSWER testable
The ______ is the only great circle parallel. - ANSWER equator
In water's gas phase, molecules are: - ANSWER not bonded together
To change phase from gas, to liquid, to solid, heat energy must _________ water - ANSWER be removed from
Almost all life on Earth is a physical manifestation of _______ energy - ANSWER potential
Doppler radar uses _____ energy to measure the velocity and direction of movement of particles of rain or hail within a cloud. - ANSWER microwave
questions and correct solutions.
__________ across Earth's surface set the atmosphere in motion. - ANSWER Differences in solar heating
______ has been invaluable in mapping features of the seafloor - ANSWER Sonar
What is the main reason for the higher density of light in the eastern portion of the US as compared to western portions - ANSWER There are more high density population clusters in the eastern portions o the US than in the western portions
Variable gases exist in Earth's atmosphere in .... - ANSWER extremely small quantities and change their proportions
Without greenhouse gases, Earth's atmosphere would be very .... - ANSWER cold
Gases exit the atmosphere through a ..... - ANSWER sink
Microscopic solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called ..... - ANSWER aerosols
except for a few locations on Earth, air pressure is greatest at.... - ANSWER sea level
All of Earth's weather occurs in the - ANSWER troposphere
Using the AVERAGE environmental lapse rate in your calculation, if a mountain climber ascends 2000 m in altitude , how much cooler will the air be than the air temperature where s/he started? - ANSWER 13 C
At the tropopause, the troposphere .... - ANSWER ends
The permeant temperature inversion in the stratosphere is caused by stratospheric ozone's absorption of - ANSWER ultraviolet (UV) radiation
