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Gases |Exchanges |exam |questions |with |answers
Of |the |factors |that |influence |diffusion |of |respiratory |gases, |the | most |variable |and, |therefore, |important |factor |to |consider |is |the |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔concentration |gradient The |process |by |which |dissolved |gases |are |exchanged |between |the | blood |and |interstitial |fluids |is |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔diffusion High |carbon |dioxide |concentration |in |body |fluids |is |called |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔hypercapnia The |lung |pathology |most |likely |to |result |from |certain |kinds |of | heart |disease |is |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔pulmonary |edema The |partial |pressure |of |oxygen |in |arterial |blood |is |approximately | ________ |mmHg. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ 100 Hypoxia |resulting |from |fluid |accumulation |in |the |alveoli |that | cannot |be |corrected |by |oxygen |therapy |can |lead |to |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔adult |respiratory |distress |syndrome
The |partial |pressure |of |carbon |dioxide |in |the |cells |of |peripheral | tissues |is |approximately |_________ |mm |Hg. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔ 50 Most |of |the |carbon |dioxide |in |the |blood |is |transported |as |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔bicarbonate |ions Most |of |the |oxygen |transported |by |the |blood |is |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔bound |to |hemoglobin In |the |medulla |oblongata, |the |nucleus |tractus |solitarius |contains |the |________ |of |neurons. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔dorsal |respiratory | group The |most |important |chemical |regulator |of |respiration |is |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔carbon |dioxide An |increase |in |the |level |of |carbon |dioxide |in |the |blood |will |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔increase |the |rate |of |breathing The |Hering-Breuer |reflex |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔prevents |over | expansion |of |the |lungs.
increased |diffusion |distance |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔pulmonary | edema Carbon |dioxide |is |more |soluble |in |water |than |oxygen. |To |get |the | same |of |oxygen |to |dissolve |in |plasma |as |carbon |dioxide, |you | would |have |to |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔increase |the |partial | pressure |of |oxygen. The |chlorine |shift |occurs |when |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔bicarbonate |ions |leave |the |red |blood |cells. A |student |in |your |lab |volunteers |to |enter |a |hypoxic |breathing | chamber |for | 10 |minutes, |and |his |alveolar |PO2 |drops |to | 50 |mm |Hg. | what |other |change |would |occur? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔increase | in |alveolar |PCO Jill |lives |in |St. |Louis, |which |is |close |to |sea |level. |She |decides |to | spend |a |month |of |her |summer |vacation |working |in |the |mountains | outside |of |Denver. |After |a |week |in |the |mountains, |what |kinds |of | changes |would |you |expect |to |see |as |Jill |adapts |to |the |higher | altitude? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔decreased |PO2 |in |the |alveoli A |molecule |that |blocks |the |activity |of |carbonic |anhydrase |would |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔cause |an |increase |in |blood |pH
If |the |neural |connections |between |the |pons |and |medulla |are | severed, |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔pulmonary |ventilation |will | decrease Blocking |afferent |action |potentials |from |the |chemoreceptors |in |the | carotid |and |a |aortic |bodies |would |interfere |with |the |brain's |ability | to |regulate |breathing |in |response |to |all |except |which |of |the | following? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔changes |in |blood |pressure Of |factors |that |influence |diffusion |of |respiratory |gases, |the |most | variable |and, |therefore, |important |factor |to |consider |is |the |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔concentration |gradient The |process |by |which |dissolved |gases |are |exchanged |between |the | blood |and |interstitial |fluids |is |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔simple | diffusion High |carbon |dioxide |concentration |in |the |body |fluids |is |called |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔hypercapnia The |lung |pathology |most |likely |to |result |from |cardiac |failure |is |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔pulmonary |edema The |partial |pressure |of |oxygen |(Po2) |in |the |pulmonary |arteries |is |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ 40
An |increase |in |the |level |of |CO2 |in |the |blood |will. |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔increase |the |rate |of |breathing. The |Hering-Breuer |reflex |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔prevents | overexpansion |(overstretching) |of |the |lungs. Protective |reflexes |of |the |lungs |include |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔coughing, |bronchoconstriction, |sneezing, |and |Hering-Breuer | reflex Match |the |lung |disease |to |its |description. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔... Fibrotic |lung |disease |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Loss |of |pulmonary | elasticity Emphysema |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔destruction |of |the |alveoli Asthma |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔narrowing |of |the |airways |lumen, | increasing |the |airway |resistance. Pulmonary |edema |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔fluid |accumulation |in | the |interstitial |sp[ace |between |alveoli |and |capillaries.
Pulmonary |tuberculosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔chronic |infectious | pulmonary |destruction. The |______ |group |controls |the |forcefully |active |inspiration |and | expiration. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ventral |respiratory |group The |peripheral |chemoreceptors |(bodies) |are |located |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔carotid |sinuses |and |aortic |arch How |the |carbon |dioxide |will |influence |the |respiratory |centers |in | medulla |oblongata? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔by |indirectly |use |the | CSF |in |which |it |is |dissolved. Inappropriate |firing |of |the |central |neurons |causing |the |relaxation | of |upper |respiratory |muscles |that |cause |snoring |is. |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Pre-Botzenger |complex The |chloride |shift |occurs |when |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Bicarbonate |ions |leave |the |RBC Carbon |dioxide |is |more |soluble |than |oxygen |in |water. |To |get |the | same |amount |of |oxygen |to |dissolve |in |plasmas |carbon |dioxide |you | would |have |to |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔increase |the |partial | pressure |of |oxygen.
The |actual |sites |of |gas |exchange |within |the |lungs |are |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔alveoli Place |the |following |structures |of |the |respiratory |tree |in |the |order | in |which |air |passes |through |them |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Primary | bronchi, |Secondary |bronchi, |bronchioles, |terminal |bronchioles, | alveoli The |airway |between |the |larynx |and |the |primary |bronchi |is |the |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔trachea The |lungs |are |enclosed |in |_____ |membranes. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔pleural The |lungs |are |located |in |the |_____ |cavity. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔thoracic Pressure |and |volume |of |gas |in |a |container |are |related |to | temperature |and |number |of |gas |molecules. |This |is |known |as |______ | law. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔the |ideal |gas Type |II |alveolar |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔secrete |a |chemical | known |as |surfactant
Type |I |alveolar |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔allow |rapid |diffusion | of |gases |through |their |thin |membranes. Surfactant |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔helps |prevent |the |alveoli |from | collapsing The |common |passageway |shared |by |the |respiratory |and |digestive | systems |is |the |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔pharynx When |the |diaphragm |and |external |intercostal |muscles |contract, |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔the |volume |of |the |thorax |increases Air |moves |into |the |lungs |because |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔the |gas | pressure |in |the |lungs |is |less |than |outside |pressure Air |moves |out |of |the |lungs |because |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔the | volume |of |the |lungs |decrease |with |expiration. In |quiet |breathing |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔inspiration |involves | muscular |contractions |and |expiration |is |passive Boyle's |law |states |that |gas |volume |is |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔inversely |proportional |to |pressure
In |the |lungs, |the |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔blood |flow |rate |is |higher | and |the |blood |pressure |is |lower, |respectively, |than |the |blood |flow | rate |and |the |blood |pressure |in |other |tissues. The |distance |between |the |alveolar |air |space |and |capillary | endothelium |is |____, |allowing |gases |to |diffuse |______ |between | then. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔short, |rapidly Flow |of |air |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔is |directly |proportional |to |a | pressure |gradient, |and |flow |decreases |as |the |resistance |of |the | system |increases. An |increase |in |PCO2 |would |cause |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔the | bronchioles |to |dilate |and |the |systemic |artioles |to |dilate. Chronic |inhalation |of |fine |particles |that |reach |the |alveoli |leads |to | ___ |lung |disease. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔fibrotic Histamine's |primary |role |in |the |respiratory |system |is |as |a |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔bronchoconstrictor The |additional |air |inhaled |after |a |normal |inspriation |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔inspiratory |reserve |volume
The |minimum |amount |of |air |always |present |in |the |respiratory | system, |after |blowing |out |all |you |can |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔residual |volume The |extra |amount |actively |(forcibly) |exhaled |after |a |normal | exhalation. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔expiratory |reserve |volume The |amount |of |air |taken |in |during |a |single |normal |inspiration |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔tidal |volume The |amount |of |air |remaining |in |the |lungs |after |a |normal |breath |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔functional |residual |capacity The |sum |of |all |the |lung |volumes |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔total | lung |capacity The |amount |of |air |inhaled |during |an |active |(forced) |inspiration |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔inspiratory |capacity The |total |amount |of |air |that |can |be |exchanged |at |will |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔vital |capacity During |normal |expiration, |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔elastic |recoil |of | stretched |muscles |helps |return |the |thorax |to |its |resting |volume, |
In |a |condition |known |as |pleurisy, |there |is |excess |fluid |in |the | pleural |space. |How |would |you |expect |this |to |affect |the |process |of | pulmonary |ventilation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Breathing |would | be |labored |and |difficult. Cessation |of |breathing |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Apnea Increased |respiratory |rate |and/or |volume |without |increased | metabolism |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔hyperventilation Increased |respiratory |rate |and/or |volume |due |to |increased | metabolism |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Hyperpnea Rapid |breathing |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Tachypnea Difficulty |breathing |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔dyspnea Which |is |not |considered |to |be |a |primary |function |of |the | respiratory |system? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Regulation |of |water | balance Pulmonary |ventilation |refers |to |the |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔movement |of |the |air |into |and |out |of |the |lungs.
The |actual |sites |of |gases |exchange |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Alveoli Type |II |alveolar |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Secrete |a |chemical | known |as |surfactant Surfactant |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Helps |prevent |the |alveoli |from | callapsing When |the |diaphragm |and |external |intercostals |muscles |contract |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |gas |pressure |in |the |lungs |is |less |than | outside |pressure. In |quiet |breathing |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Inspiration |involves | muscular |contractions |and |expiration |is |passive Total |cross-sectional |area |_____ |with |each |division |of |the |airways. |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔increases The |pleural |pressure |is |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔sub-atmospheric If |a |student |inhales |as |deeply |as |possible |and |then |blows |the |air | out |until |he |cannot |exhale |any |more, |the |amount |of |the |air |that |
Damage |to |the |type |II |cells |of |the |lungs |would |contribute |to |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔increased |surface |tension |in |the |water | lining |of |alveoli The |respiratory |rate |times |the |tidal |volume |corrected |for |dead | space |is |the |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Alveolar |ventilation |rate Cessation |of |breathing |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Apnea Increased |respiratory |rate |and/or |volume |due |to |increase | metobolism |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Hyperpnea Rapid |breathing |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Tachypnea Difficulty |breathing |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Dyspnea How |the |lungs |are |kept |all |the |time |expanded |in |the |chest | cavity? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔By |the |subatmospheric |pressure |in | pleural |cavity Which |is |not |function |of |the |upper |respiratory |organs? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Absorb |the |oxygen
The |pulmonary |blood |circulation |and |the |systemic |blood |circulation | have |in |common |measure |wise. |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The | volume |of |the |blood |that |circulates |in |system. Which |part |of |respiratory |tract |we |encounter |the |highest |resistance | for |the |passage |of |the |air? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Trachea The |upper |respiratory |tract |includes |all |except |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔the |lungs |and |trachea Air |moves |into |the |lungs |because |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |gas | pressure |in |the |lungs |is |less |than |outside |pressure. Which |part |of |pulmonary |tract |comes |between |the |Larynx |and |the | branchi? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Trachea How |many |times |the |total |cross-section |of |the |bronchioles |is |wider | than |the |trachea? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ 2000 The |ability |of |a |lung |to |recoil |or |recover |from |stretch |is |called. |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔elastance Fainting |is |also |known |as |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔vasovagal | syncope
