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An alert 18 y/o female is found trapped in her car after a single-car MVC. The airbag deployed, and she denies any head or neck pain, but she complains of hip and left leg pain. When she is finally extricated from the car, her vital signs begin to collapse. What shock is she transitioning from? A) neurogenic shock to hypovolemic shock B) decompensated shock to compensated shock C) compensated shock to decompensated shock D) decompensated shock to hypovolemic shock ā ANSWER==C) compensated shock to decompensated shock
Which of the following MOIs would NOT be significant for an adult? A) death in the same passenger compartment B) fall from more than 10 feet C) ejection from vehicle D) altered mental status
- ANSWER ==B) fall from more than 10 feet
A 20 y/o female has burns on her chest, abdomen, and on the anterior side of her right arm. What percentage of her body is burned? A) 22.5% B) 27% C) 40.5% D) 18%
Before placing an unconscious 6 y/o on a backboard, what should you do? A) place padding directly underneath the head B) place padding underneath the shoulders C) contact the parents for consent D) assess vital signs
- ANSWER ==B) place padding underneath the shoulders
What best defines shock? A) lack of adequate perfusion to the tissues B) hemorrhage exceeding 50% of total blood volume C) deficiency of vascular tone due to hemorrhage D) inadequate cerebral blood flow
- ANSWER==A) lack of adequate perfusion to the tissues
Your patient's vehicle was struck by another motorist from behind. What should you do? A) perform a head-to-toe examination
C) administer high-flow oxygen D) apply a half-spine immobilization device
- ANSWER ==B) stabilize the c-spine
An 18 y/o female was hit and has 4 teeth pushed into the upper gums of her jaw. She complains of severe pain and discomfort. Bleeding is minimal. BP is 120/90, HR is 88 bpm, RR is 16/min, and SpO2 is 96%. What should you do? A) administer aspirin for pain B) insert an OPA to maintain patency C) apply oxygen by NRB at 15 L/min D) monitor her bleeding and ensure a patent airway - ANSWER ==D) monitor her bleeding and ensure a patent airway
An injury produced by wounding forces of compression and change of speed, both of which can disrupt tissue, is defined as: A) third degree trauma B) penetrating trauma C) blunt trauma D) cavitation
A 34 y/o female has been bleeding vaginally for 2 hours. She is anxious, alert, and oriented. Her skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic. BP is 116/70, HR 118 bpm, and RR 20/min. What should you suspect? A) hypotensive shock B) hypertensive shock C) decompensated shock D) compensated shock - ANSWER ==D) compensated shock
What is a contraindication of a traction splint? A) signs of hypoperfusion B) swelling or deformity to the thigh C) pelvic fracture D) potential spinal injury
- ANSWER ==C) pelvic fracture
A 56 y/o male involved in a car accident complains of chest and abdominal pain. Pulses differ by 10 mmHg systolic bilaterally and lung sounds are muffled. To which artery should you suspect a rupture? A) subclavian B) carotid C) iliac D) radial
A 32 y/o female attempted suicide by taking sleeping pills and cutting her wrists. She has dark red blood oozing from the wrist lacerations. BP is 90/52, HR 130 bpm and weak, RR 18/min. What type of bleeding and shock is she experiencing? A) venous bleeding with hypovolemic shock B) capillary bleeding with cardiogenic shock
C) arterial bleeding with hypovolemic shock D) venous bleeding with neurogenic shock
- ANSWER ==A) venous bleeding with hypovolemic shock
Unequal pupils are a result of pressure on which structure? A) oculomotor nerve B) central medulla C) trochlear membrane D) vagus nerve
- ANSWER ==A) oculomotor nerve
A 41 y/o male has been injured in an explosion at a chemical lab. He has ruptured TMs and sinus injuries. At what phase of the blast did the patient sustain the injuries? A) primary B) ultimate C) tertiary D) secondary
When protecting the cervical spine of a suspected trauma patient, what should you do? A) place gentle traction to straighten the c-spine B) hold the c-spine in the position found C) place a rigid collar on the neck prior to continuing with the rest of the assessment D) hold the neck in a neutral, in-line position - ANSWER ==D) hold the neck in a neutral, in-line position
What is a mechanism of obstructive shock? A) MI B) spinal cord injury C) acute fluid loss D) tension PTX - ANSWER ==D) tension PTX
Which of the following is the first sign of shock that usually appears in patients? A) changes in vitals B) pale, cool, and clammy skin C) AMS D) nausea and vomiting
Which of the following describes bruising or discoloration behind the ears as a result of a fractured skull? A) Babinski's sign B) silver fork sign C) Cushing's sign D) Battle's sign - ANSWER ==D) Battle's sign
What is the correct technique for splinting a suspected finger fracture? A) apply a straight, flat, and rigid splint to the finger B) place an arm board under the wrist and wrap with Curlex
An alert and ambulatory 26 y/o female admits to laying her motorcycle down at 25 mph to avoid a crash. She has extreme pain to her left side where you note severe abrasions. She denies any neck or back pain. What should you do? A) c-collar and immobilize her fully in the standing position B) oxygen and transport in a semi-sitting position of comfort C) c-collar and transport on her left side D) sterile dressings and treat her pain with ice
- ANSWER ==A) c-collar and immobilize her fully in the standing position
A 20 y/o female was involved in an MVC. She complains of midline neck pain and is unable to move her extremities. What secondary injury should you suspect? A) difficulty breathing B) ruptured vertebrae C) vertebral swelling D) subluxation
- ANSWER==C) vertebral swelling
An unrestrained 24 y/o female driver hit an electrical pole and struck the steering wheel. She appears pale and complains of nausea and abdominal pain. What organ is LEAST likely to suffer injury as a result of this impact? A) liver B) stomach C) spleen D) diaphragm
A 28 y/o female has full thickness burns to her hands and arms after being shocked by an electrical outlet. BP is 150/90, RR 20/min, HR 84 bpm. What should you do? A) cover her wounds with moist sterile dressings B) irrigate her burns with normal saline C) apply dry sterile dressings to her wounds D) administer ice to her burns
- ANSWER ==C) apply dry sterile dressings to her wounds
A 38 y/o male has been struck with a brick. His words are incomprehensible, and he has no eye opening or motor response. He has unequal pupils, and has blood draining from his left ear. BP is 178/110, HR 58 bpm, RR 8/min. What should you suspect? A) a narcotic overdose B) a basilar skull fracture C) hypovolemic shock D) subdural hematoma
- ANSWER==B) a basilar skull fracture
What is an injury to ligaments around a joint called? A) fracture B) strain C) sprain D) dislocation
A 16 y/o male has a broken nose. He is bleeding heavily from both nostrils. What should you do? A) pinch his nose and lean him forward B) pinch his nose and lean him back C) gently pack both nostrils with sterile gauze D) apply direct pressure to his nostrils
- ANSWER==A) pinch his nose and lean him forward
An 18 y/o male has hypotension, bradycardia, and warm dry skin following a hard hit during a football game. What should you suspect? A) septic shock B) neurogenic shock C) hypovolemic shock D) cardiogenic shock
- ANSWER ==B) neurogenic shock
An 80 y/o male complains of leg pain. His left foot is pulseless, discolored, and cool to the touch. He had surgery two days prior with no complications. What should you suspect? A) diabetes B) normal post-surgery occurrence C) medication overdose D) a DVT - ANSWER ==D) a DVT
A 29 y/o female fell from an 18 foot roof. During your rapid trauma assessment, where are you most likely to find life-threatening injuries? A) abdomen, pelvis, arms B) head, chest, abdomen C) head, neck, extremities D) chest, pelvis, extremities - ANSWER ==B) head, chest, abdomen
How quickly should you expect a clot to form from a venous laceration? A) 11-14 mins B) 7-10 mins C) 4-6 mins D) 1 min ā ANSWER ==C) 4-6 mins
A 60 y/o male fell onto a coffee table yesterday, and he woke up this morning complaining of dull abdominal pain. You note periumbulical bruising. What is this known as? A) Grey-Turner's sign B) Kehr's sign C) Crohn's sign D) Cullen's sign - ANSWER ==D) Cullen's sign
A 56 y/o female has an arm injury with arterial bleeding. The dressing becomes soaked with blood. What should you do?
An intoxicated 45 y/o homeless man was hit in the chest. He complains of pain with inspiration. Bilateral lung sounds are clear. BP is 130/80, HR is 76 bpm, RR is 12/min, and SpO2 is 94%. What should you suspect? A) head injury B) pericardial tamponade C) tension PTX D) rib fractures - ANSWER ==D) rib fractures
A 56 y/o male tripped and fell into a manhole in the sidewalk. He complains of chest pain and tenderness when he takes a deep breath. Lung sounds are clear but diminished bilaterally. BP is 140/90, HR 90 bpm, RR 12/min. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms? A) tension PTX B) rib fractures C) flail chest D) left-sided hemothorax
- ANSWER ==B) rib fractures
Your patient has a small sucking puncture wound to the right side of his chest. How would you dress the wound? A) roller gauze B) moist gauze C) butterfly bandages D) occlusive dressing - ANSWER ==D) occlusive dressing
A 31 y/o female has a GSW to the right lateral chest. She is awake and alert with obvious difficulty breathing. Where should she be transported? A) respiratory center B) local hospital C) emergency department D) trauma center - ANSWER ==D) trauma center
You are at an amusement part when you witness a 19 y/o male being stabbed in the arm. After ensuring that the scene is safe, you approach and see that he is experiencing slow, steady bleeding. You have disposable gloves in your pocket, but no bandages. You should: A) send a bystander to locate a tourniquet B) apply direct pressure to the wound using your gloved hand C) locate a first-aid kit and control the bleeding with bandages D) elevate the arm and use a pressure point to control bleeding
- ANSWER==B) apply direct pressure to the wound using your gloved hand
An unrestrained 47 y/o female is in cardiac arrest after an MVC on the freeway. She has been pulseless for 20 mins and CPR was withheld. What should you do? A) start CPR and contact medical control to terminate efforts B) provide chest compressions for 2 mins and then apply the AED C) apply the AED and start CPR simultaneously
D) look for signs of occult bleeding ā
ANSWER ==A) start CPR and contact medical control to terminate efforts
A 25 y/o pregnant female was ejected from a motor vehicle. She is apneic and pulseless. What should you do? A) prepare for delivery B) provide CPR and transport C) transport in the left lateral recumbent position D) avoid contaminating the scene - ANSWER ==B) provide CPR and transport
A 25 y/o female has a distended abdomen and muffled lung sounds after an MVC. BP is 130/80, HR 96 bpm, RR 24/min. What should you suspect? A) abdominal evisceration B) pericardial tamponade C) ruptured bowel D) tension PTX - ANSWER ==C) ruptured bowel
What are the general principles for management of a dislocation? A) traction and realignment B) splinting in a position of comfort C) pain management and realignment D) splinting in the position found - ANSWER ==D) splinting in the position found
An alert and oriented 35 y/o female is sitting on the ground after an MVC. BP is 90/62, HR 96 bpm, and RR 24/min and shallow. She denies any numbness or tingling in her extremities. What should you do? A) reassess her vitals B) apply oxygen by nasal cannula C) perform full spinal immobilization D) transport immediately - ANSWER ==D) transport immediately
What findings would indicate a serious MOI during an MVC? A) the front end of the car has crumpled without intrusion into the passenger compartment B) the patient has a 1-inch laceration to his face and his left shoulder is bruised C) the windshield is badly cracked on the passenger side D) the steering wheel is deformed and the steering column is damaged - ANSWER ==D) the steering wheel is deformed and the steering column is damaged
What patient would NOT be triaged as red? A) a patient with an obstructed airway B) a patient with a sucking chest wound C) a patient in decompensated shock D) a patient with a 4-inch thigh laceration - ANSWER ==D) a patient with a 4-inch thigh laceration
A 24 y/o male was stabbed in the thigh. Bright red blood spurts from the wound. What should you suspect that the patient severed? A) vein B) artery C) tendon D) ligament - ANSWER ==B) artery
A 60 y/o male with a head injury is moaning and making incomprehensible sounds. He withdrew when you started his IV but is otherwise not moving. His eyes are wide open. What is his GCS score? A) 13 B) 6 C) 3 D) 10 - ANSWER ==D) 10
What type of impact to an unrestrained occupant commonly results in a multi-system injury? A) rotational B) lateral C) broadside D) frontal - ANSWER ==A) rotational
A 45 y/o male has a small puncture wound to his hand after cleaning his pressure washer. You notice swelling in his palm and fingers. What should you do? A) wrap the hand in Curlex B) irrigate the wound with saline C) apply ice and splint the hand D) elevate and splint the hand - ANSWER ==D) elevate and splint the hand
A 72 y/o female was in an MVC. She has a right ulnar fracture with no distal circulation. What should you do? A) attempt to realign the fracture B) splint the fracture in the position found C) apply a traction splint D) transport immediately - ANSWER ==A) attempt to realign the fracture
What is the minimum systolic BP that will perfuse all vital organs? A) 90 B) 70 C) 80 D) 60 - ANSWER ==C) 80
An 18 y/o female is found conscious and alert, but trapped in her car. She denies any head or neck pain, but she complains of hip and left leg pain. When she is finally extricated from the car, her vitals begin to collapse. What should you suspect? A) neurogenic shock
Hollow organs while solid organs bleed.
B) air embolism C) internal injuries D) crush syndrome - ANSWER ==D) crush syndrome
What is NOT included in the management of a minor venous laceration? A) pressure point B) elevation C) direct pressure D) tourniquet - ANSWER ==D) tourniquet
Which of the following MOIs would result in a coup-contrecoup injury? A) a front-impact MVC B) diving into shallow water C) a fall from over 20 feet D) a low-energy projectile - ANSWER ==A) a front-impact MVC
A) profusely bleed, very slowly B) rupture, rupture C) ooze blood, profusely D) rupture, profusely - ANSWER ==D) rupture, profusely
A patient has excessive bleeding from the neck. What should you apply? A) a tourniquet B) a Band-Aid C) an occlusive dressing D) a pressure dressing - ANSWER ==D) a pressure dressing
Contents of the chest are protected by: A) mediastinum B) false ribs C) sternum D) ribs - ANSWER ==D) ribs
A 22 y/o male was hit several times in the face at a bar. BP is 130/82, HR 110 bpm, RR 24/min. He is hostile and cannot remember his name or address. He refuses any emergency care. What should you do? A) explain the consequences of not allowing you to treat him and then have him sign a refusal form B) call for police to obtain a transport hold on him C) have him sign a refusal form and leave the scene D) have his friends drive him to the hospital as you follow behind in your ambulance - ANSWER ==B) call for police to obtain a transport hold on him
You are dispatched to a residence where a 10 y/o girl fell onto a jagged piece of metal. She has a gaping laceration to the right upper arm that is spurting bright red blood. The
The posterior chest region contains the: A) posterior vena cava B) spinal column C) sternum D) jugular veins - ANSWER ==B) spinal column
A 13 y/o has fallen 15 feet. He has a deformed right thigh and is lethargic to respond. What should you do? A) apply a traction splint B) obtain a SAMPLE history C) immediately attempt to contact his parents D) manually stabilize the c-spine - ANSWER ==D) manually stabilize the c-spine
A 34 y/o male was involved in an MVC. He has significant facial trauma and is bleeding profusely from the mouth and nose. When performing your assessment, what findings are most indicative of neurological disorders? A) changes in consciousness B) narrowing pulse pressure C) tachycardia and hypotension D) head trauma - ANSWER ==A) changes in consciousness
A 24 y/o female responds to a sternal rub by opening her eyes and moaning incomprehensibly. She tries to push your hands away from her sternum. What is her GCS score? A) 6 B) 3 C) 12 D) 9 - ANSWER ==D) 9
A 26 y/o female has difficulty breathing after an MVC. Lung sounds are distant on the left side and she has paroxysmal chest rise. What should you do? A) insert an OPA B) wrap her chest in bandages C) apply an NRB at 15 L/min D) ventilate her with a BVM - ANSWER ==D) ventilate her with a BVM
A 22 y/o female has lower leg deformity, moderate bleeding from the forehead, and signs and symptoms of shock following an MVC. What should you do? A) open the airway and monitor the vitals every 15 mins B) complete a detailed trauma assessment and patient history C) perform a primary assessment, stabilize, and transport D) splint and bandage the patient's injuries before transporting - ANSWER ==C) perform a primary assessment, stabilize, and transport
An 18 y/o male was hit in the head by a large rock. When caring for this patient, what should you continually reassess? A) locomotor function B) level of consciousness C) quality and degree of pain D) pulse, motor, and sensory function - ANSWER ==B) level of consciousness
What will initial compensatory mechanisms do during hemorrhaging? A) increase SV and CO B) increase CO and reduce MAP C) decrease RR and increase HR D) decrease peripheral vascular resistance and increase RR - ANSWER ==A) increase SV and CO
In the field, you splinted a patient with a deformed humerus. En route to the hospital, you cannot feel a pulse in the limb. What should you do? A) loosen the splint and reassess the pulse B) remove the splint and apply manual stabilization C) make a note in your report and call medical control D) reposition the extremity at a level below the heart - ANSWER ==A) loosen the splint and reassess the pulse
A 19 y/o female with head trauma has hypertension, bradycardia, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and withdraws from pain. Which area of the brain is likely affected? A) medulla B) temporal lobe C) cerebellum D) hypothalamus - ANSWER ==A) medulla
What bone should you use a traction splint on? A) radius B) femur C) tibia D) humerus - ANSWER ==B) femur
A 19 y/o male struck his head against the platform while doing a reverse flip. BP is 88/70, HR is 96 bpm, and RR is 8/min. What type of shock is he in? A) hemorrhagic B) distributive C) hypovolemic D) cardiogenic - ANSWER ==B) distributive
A 45 y/o male was bitten by a dog and has wounds to his left arm and leg. What should you do? A) allow the injuries to continue bleeding to clean the wounds B) irrigate the wounds with saline and wrap with dry Curlex
B) insert a BIAD C) apply high-flow oxygen D) activate air-medical transport - ANSWER ==A) manually stabilize the c-spine
A GSW is an example of a: A) laceration B) deformity C) contusion D) penetration - ANSWER ==D) penetration
Which of the following is used in the management of a pelvic fracture with hypotension? A) pneumatic anti-shock garment B) buddy splinting the legs to each other C) securing the patient to a backboard D) unilateral traction device with ankle straps - ANSWER ==A) pneumatic anti-shock garment
How should you treat an impaled object in the abdomen? A) manually secure the object and inflate the pneumatic anti-shock garment to stabilize it B) remove the object and apply a porous dressing moistened with sterile saline C) remove the object and apply an occlusive dressing D) secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object - ANSWER ==D) secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object
While on scene of a two-car T-bone type accident, a bystander comes up to you and states "I think my husband just died!" Upon arrival to the patient, you find him to be unresponsive, although he is breathing. Pt is noted to have a large hematoma to the frontal region of his head. Patient's family states that the patient has a long medical history including COPD, CAD, and diabetes. BP is 130/60, HR 80 bpm, RR 18. Your next step should be to? A) obtain a BGL and request ALS assistance B) place patient on a backboard and rapidly transport to the nearest urgent care C) give oral glucose because you are sure his BGL is low D) place patient on high-flow O2 and transport patient to the nearest burn center - ANSWER ==A) obtain a BGL and request ALS assistance
A 32 y/o male has an open wound on his arm after an unknown chemical powder was spilled on it. What should you do? A) wrap the wound in sterile gauze B) irrigate the wound with water C) identify the chemical and obtain a set of vitals D) brush the powder off the wound - ANSWER ==D) brush the powder off the wound
An 8 y/o complains of severe lower leg pain. He was released from a local ER 8 hours ago following treatment for a closed tibia fracture. The whole lower leg is swollen, pale, and has decreased sensation. What should you suspect? A) compartment syndrome B) acute arterial occlusion C) an associated calf muscle strain D) ineffective immobilization - ANSWER ==A) compartment syndrome
A 16 y/o male was freed from entanglement in an MVC. His right arm is amputated below the elbow. What should you do with the amputation? A) wrap it in moistened gauze, place it in a bag, and keep it cool B) place it in a bag packed with ice and transport C) wrap it in a dry gauze and keep it warm during transport D) place it into anatomical position and wrap it with dry gauze - ANSWER ==A) wrap it in moistened gauze, place it in a bag, and keep it cool
How much blood can a patient lose in the abdomen if left untreated? A) 1000 L B) 10 L C) 1500 L D) 15 L - ANSWER ==B) 10 L
A 20 y/o male struck his head on a diving board and is unconscious and apneic. BP 88/70, HR 80 bpm. He has a large amount of swelling and deformity in the c-spine area. What should you suspect? A) cerebral contusion B) increased ICP C) c-spine injury D) hypovolemic shock - ANSWER ==C) c-spine injury
What is the primary concern in a patient suffering from a severe facial injury due to blunt trauma? A) bleeding control B) transport facility C) adequate breathing D) airway control - ANSWER ==D) airway control
A 52 y/o male was the unrestrained driver in a frontal impact MVC. Which of the following injuries would lead you to believe the patient traveled "up and over" the dashboard instead of "down and under"? A) ruptured diaphragm B) c-spine fracture C) patellar dislocation D) flail chest - ANSWER ==A) ruptured diaphragm
