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FCTC WRITTEN EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025/
What is usually the drive element of a pulley? - rope, cable, belt or chain that runs over the pulley inside the groove Pulleys are assembled to form what - a block and tackle in order to provide mechanical advantage to apply large forces rope and pulley systems (block and tackle) are characterized by what? - the use of a single continuous rope to transmit a tension force around one or more pulleys to lift or move a load the rope may be a light line or a strong cable What is the mechanical advantage of a rope and pulley system if it does not dissipate or store energy? - the number of parts of the rope that act on the load What is a lever? - a machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge or fulcrum How do levers work? - amplifies an input force to provide a greater output force, which is said to provide leverage what is the mechanical advantage of a lever? - the ratio or the output force to the input force How are levers classified? - by relative positions of the fulcrum and the input and output forces. allows identification by the relative locations of the fulcrum, the resistance, and the effort. A belt and pulley system is characterized by - two or more pulleys in common to a belt. What does a belt and pulley system allow for? - mechanical power, torque, and speed to be transmitted across axles How is mechanical advantage realized? - if the pulleys are different diameters what is a pulley? - a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a cable or belt along its circumference
Why are pulleys used? - lift loads apply forces trasmit power Class 1 Lever - Fulcrum in the middle the effort is applied on one side of the fulcrum and the resistance on the other side. Examples of Class 1 levers: - see saw, crowbar, scissors What is the mechanical advantage of a Class 1 lever? - It may be greater than or less than 1 Class 2 Lever - Resistance in the middle. Effort is applied on one side of the resistance and the fulcrum is located on the other side. Examples of Class 2 levers: - Wheel barrow, a nutcracker, a bottle opener or the brake pedal of a car What is the mechanical advantage of a Class 2 lever? - It is always greater than 1 Class 3 Lever - Effort in the middle The resistance is on one side of the effort and the fulcrum is located on the other side. Examples of Class 3 levers - tweezers or the human mandible Mechanical advantage is always less than 1 FRE 123 - Fulcrum in middle for 1st class Resistance is in the middle for the 2nd lever Effort is in the middle for the 3rd HEAD - pressure created by the force of gravity and is a function of the difference in elevation between intake and output Head is usually measured in - pounds per square inch Formula for determining head pressure - 1 vertical foot= 0.433 pounds / square inch 1 PSI = 2.31 vertical feet Water head pressure is - Static pressure caused by the weight of water solely due to its height above the measuring point.
- Apply mechanical reasoning (25 questions, i.e. Fluid Dynamics, levers, belt and pulleys, gears)
- Mathematical Problems (20 questions, i.e. addition, division, angles, area, volume, decimals, ratios, percentages)
- Recall and Comprehend Technical Information (35 questions, recall from first two essays, in addition to one or two more at this time) Be mindful of questions with absolutes. What are some absolutes and why watch out for them? - Examples of absolutes are "absolutely, always, forever, completely, infinite, never, only, sole, undeniable, or wholly".Absolutes or any sort of broad statements should be suspected as wrong. Recall and Comprehend Technical Information - - Read one to four essays
- 35 questions total (including questions for essays in back of the test booklet)
- notes can be written on the essay packet, NOT any other testing material.
- 15 - 20 questions from these essays were handed out in the first 30 minutes. Gear Train, or commonly called "Transmission" - Two or more gears working in a sequence, producing mechanical advantage through a gear ratio. Relationship between Speed, Torque, and Power: - Power = 2pi x Speed (w) x Torque (nm)/ 60 Torque = 60 x Power (kW)/2pi x Speed (Rpm) Belt and Pulley Systems - Two or more pulleys in common to a belt. If the pulleys are of differing pitch diameters, a mechanical advantage is realized. Doesn't depend on ratio of teeth as with gears and sprockets, only pitch diameter. What is a pulley (also called a "sheave" or "drum") - A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change in direction of a belt or cable along its circumference. For a Rope and Pulley System that is a Block and Tackle, is characterized by: - * If the rope does not dissipate or store energy, then its mechanical advantage is the number of parts of the rope that act on the load.- if the anchor knot is at the load ("A", "D", and "E") then the mechanical advantage will be odd. (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, etc.)- if the anchor knot is at the anchor ("B", "C") then the mechanical advantage will be even. (2:1, 4:1, 6:1, etc.)- to calculate haul distance, multiply the distance need to go by the mechanical advantage. (3:1 ratio, 20 ft to haul, multiply 3 x 20 ft to get a total of 60ft) How much water can be held in engine 17 water tank - 105 feet Sq
How many gallons with a tank of 12 ft diameter hold if it is 5 feet deep - 4320 Engine carries lots of hose. 4" was removed - 30% left How many acres were burned - 6.88 acres How many cubic feet of water can a captain expect the tank to hold - 1385 What is the total percentage of the body burned - 22.. What is the minimum length of ladder to reach the roof of a 3 story house - 40ft Total chain that crew cuts - 6 chains each Average money for dinner - 14. How many 2 pints will go in 5 gallon drum - 20 pints Fire increase from 2009 - 2014 - 145% 7 ft in length, 5ft wide and 3ft deep, how much water can be held in Engine 17's water tank? - 105ft squared A tank with 12' diameter holds 864 gallons per foot of depth, how many gallons will a tank with 12' diameter hold if it is 5' deep? - 4320 Engine 33 is traveling 351 miles to assist in mutual aid. They have to drive 216 miles in 4 hours, what is their average speed? - 54mph There are 6 sections of 100' wildland hose and 9 sections of 80' structural hose. 5 sections of structural hose fail, what is the total amount of structural hose that failed? - 400ft Engine carries 1,100 ft of 2 ½ inch, 900ft of 4 inch and 1000ft of 4 ½ ;if the 4 inch was removed, what percentage was removed from the total? - 30% For a fire on the fourth floor, you need 100psi at the nozzle, for each floor above the first floor you lose 5 psi, for every 100ft of hose you lose 15 psi. There are 400 ft of hose used to get to the fire, what is the total pressure needed at the engine? - 175 psi at the engine Engine Pumps 1450 gallons per minute, how many gallons in 5.5 minutes? - 7975 gallons
If engine 1 is responding to a call 4.5miles away and has an averagespeed of 50 mph and engine 2 isresponding to the same call and hasto go 6 miles with and averagespeed of 55 mph. Who will be onscene first and by how much time? - Engine 1 by 1 minute and 9 seconds You and your crew are buying dinner, there are 7 of you, each person chips in $9. Diner costs 64.44 - Over $1. How much of the entire body was butter? - 27. What two vehicles would fit in the app bay if they were stacked on each other? - Squad 23ft and battalion 9 15ft Boys and girls get 60 votes for class president, a 3:2 ratio. How votes do boys get? Boys 36 / girls 24 - 24 votes 3 different sizes of horse. You are given the total amount of hose, total, but you have to determine how much that was used? - 700 ft 66 feet in a chain, on average a firefighter can cut 10 chains in an hour. How many yards can he cut in an hour? - 220yards square foot of a mall - 18000 Tank 1. 830 gallons x 2ft depth = 1660 Tank 2. 670 gallons c 2ft depth = 1340 - 330 You have an 8 gallon tank you have to fill. Each gallon is 2.5 gallons. How many is required to fill the 8 gallon - 3. The one about the engine pump. The tank holds 500 gallons. How much time do you have left in 90 seconds if you are flowing at 125gpms - 150 seconds Engine 1 has a tank that hold 40mpg and travel 15 miles. While engine 2 tank hold 35 mpg and travels 17 miles - Engine 2 will run out of gas first and go 5 miles less then engine 1 Class K Fire Extinguisher needs to be 30 feet from the farthest cooking device and near the next door, stove is 20 feet from the door. Pizza oven is 40 feet from the door and the fryer is 55 feet from the door, where does the fire extinguisher need to be placed. - 25 ft If a tank with a 12' diameter holds 670 gallons per foot of depth, how many gallons will a tank with a 12' diameter hold if it is 4' deep? - 2,
During a preplan process of a building, you must obtain the square footage. You have a strip mall with two occupancies. One occupancy measures 96' x 52' and the other measures 114' x 52'. What is the approximate square footage for this building? - 11, If the sales tax is 18% and a new pair of fire gloves cost $35.25, then what is your total cost for the gloves? - $41. Station 3's coffee fund is $12; the total amount in station 3's expense fund is $48. What percent of the total fund goes towards coffee? - 25% Plastic fire helmets cost $500 per gross in 2014. In 2016, the cost per gross dropped to $100. What is the percent of decrease in cost per gross? - 80% In the fire academy, we had a ratio of 7 to 5 passing grades to failing. How many of the 36 students failed? - 7 How many square feet are in a circle with a radius of 5 feet? - 78. What is the total volume of a cube that is 7' tall, 3' wide and 5' long? - 105 cubic feet What is the total volume of a cylinder that is 7' high with a 3' radius? - 197.82 cubic feet There are numerous components to an SCBA including: - All of the above The PASS device is a/an warning system designed to let the firefighter know when they are low on air. - Audible The PASS device cannot be turned off and can only be disarmed by turning off the SCBA unit or via: - Refill of the tank above 500 psi Unless equipped with a protective breathing apparatus, it should be a fundamental rule in firefighting that no one be permitted to enter any potentially toxic atmosphere, including a/an: - Hazardous materials emergency The are more vulnerable to injury than any other body part. - Lungs and respiratory tract There are common hazardous atmospheres associated with fires or other emergencies. - 4 The hazardous atmospheres associated with fires or other emergencies include the following: - All of the above When oxygen concentrations are below percent, the human body responds by increasing its respiratory rate. - 18
Crew calls "contact" and distance callouts Swimmer drags fins in water to maintain headway climb Media and citizens must stay 20 feet away from water edge Set fire extinguisher 25 feet from door 24 foot ladder minimum -
