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Exam 2 Study Guide - Introduction to Communications | COMM 1001, Study notes of Communication

Exam 2 Study Guide Material Type: Notes; Professor: Vangelis; Class: Introduction to Communications; Subject: Communication; University: East Carolina University;

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 03/15/2012

roweas11
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Comm Theory 1001 Exam 2 Study Guide
1. Assumptions about relational dialects:
Relationships aren’t linear
Rationalized life is characterized by change
Contradiction is the fundamental fact of relational life
2. Baxter and Montgomery are convinced that personal relationships are:
Undetermined processes of ongoing flux
“Relationships are always in flux; the only certainty is certain change”
3. Baxter and Montgomery suggest that people desire to have what in
relationships? a balance between dependence and independence
4. Dialectial tensions:
a. Inclusion-Seclusion: desire to withdraw from others vs. desire to
interact with others
i. [autonomy vs. connection] – must sacrifice some
independence, but too much connection causes individual
identities to be lost
b. Conventionality-Uniqueness: conforming to social norms vs. creating
a unique pair identity
i. [predictability vs. novelty] – people strive for predictability in
relationships, but also seek mystery, spontaneity, and surprise
c. Revealment-Concealment: what to reveal about the relationship to
others
i. [openness vs. closedness] – each possible advantage of self-
disclosure or closedness is offset by a corresponding potential
danger
5. Watzlawick’s view of family systems/family therapy: in order to understand
the movement in any single figure in a family system, one must examine the
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Comm Theory 1001 Exam 2 Study Guide

  1. Assumptions about relational dialects: Relationships aren’t linear Rationalized life is characterized by change Contradiction is the fundamental fact of relational life
  2. Baxter and Montgomery are convinced that personal relationships are: Undetermined processes of ongoing flux “Relationships are always in flux; the only certainty is certain change”
  3. Baxter and Montgomery suggest that people desire to have what in relationships? a balance between dependence and independence
  4. Dialectial tensions: a. Inclusion-Seclusion: desire to withdraw from others vs. desire to interact with others i. [autonomy vs. connection] – must sacrifice some independence, but too much connection causes individual identities to be lost b. Conventionality-Uniqueness: conforming to social norms vs. creating a unique pair identity i. [predictability vs. novelty] – people strive for predictability in relationships, but also seek mystery, spontaneity, and surprise c. Revealment-Concealment: what to reveal about the relationship to others i. [openness vs. closedness] – each possible advantage of self- disclosure or closedness is offset by a corresponding potential danger
  5. Watzlawick’s view of family systems/family therapy: in order to understand the movement in any single figure in a family system, one must examine the

communication patterns among all its members (each family member plays a one-of-a-kind game with homemade rules)

  1. Franklin family: a. Mike- smokes to relax, but his family gets upset about that, making him want to smoke more, which causes more tension b. Stan(father)- denies his son’s problem, think he will grow out of it c. Sonia(mother)- covers for Mike by lying to the school and getting him out of drinking tickets d. Laurie(sister)- forces her straight edge friends upon him hoping he’ll get in with the “good crowd”
  2. Punctuation: interpreting an ongoing sequence of events by labeling one event as the cause and the following event as the effect
  3. Metacommunication: communication about communication. “This is how I see myself, this is how I see you, this is how I see you seeing me.”
  4. Symmetrical interchange: -Equal power (both Laurie and Sonia are skilled in different areas, therefore neither tries to control one another) -Movement to yield control of the exchange (each perform without the other claiming dominance)
  5. Complementary exchange: -Difference in power (Sonia’s mothering is strong on control and she treats Mike as a child, therefore maintaining dominance) -Movement to gain control of exchange (She hides his drinking, lies to school officials to cover for him, and hires lawyers for him)
  6. Family homeostasis: keeps the family in balance
  7. Reframing: changing the view on the situation by stepping outside and re- determining what it means (like fighting, kicking, and screaming in a nightmare and then waking up)

b. Goal setting: establish a goal in which to judge proposed solutions c. Identification of alternatives: generation of options to sufficiently solve the problem d. Evaluation of positive and negative characteristics: testing the merits of each option and weighing the pros and cons

  1. Obstacles of completing group tasks: ignorance of the issues, faulty facts, misguided assumptions, sloppy evaluation of options, illogical inferences, disregard of procedural norms, undue influence by powerful members
  2. What do most comments from group members serve to do? Promote problem analysis, goal setting, discovery of alternatives, and evaluation of these options
  3. Stohl and Holmes contention about most real-life groups: they have a prior decision making history and are embedded with a larger organization
  4. What are researchers who map out social discourse called? Ethnographers
  5. Pacanowsky argues that culture is not something an organization has, but is what? A culture is something that an organization is. 25.Thick description: the intertwining layers of common meaning that underlie what a particular people say and do
  6. Purpose of thick description: it explains not only the behavior, but its contents as well, which makes it meaningful to an outsider
  7. What are the three types of stories that Pacanowsky claims dramatizes organizational life? a. Corporate studies: tales that carry management ideology and reinforce company policy (how businesses were started)

b. Personal stories: individual based stories (tales told by employees that put them in a favorable light) c. Collegial stories: positive of negative stories about others in the organization (descriptions of how things “really work”)

  1. Consent (according to Deetz’s theory): actively but unknowingly accomplishes other’s interest in attempt to fulfill their own
  2. Why is Deetz’s theory considered a “critical theory”? it reflects upon the practices of a society; uses a set of standards to determine what is fair and what is not
  3. Managerialism: a systematic logical, set of routine practices, and ideology that values control over all other concerns; strategic control
  4. What are the 4 ways a corporate decision is made? a. Strategy and consent: (managerial control- excludes voice of people who are directly affected by decisions) b. Involvement and participation: (codetermination- open dialogue among all stakeholders)
  5. Deetz is convinced that meaningful democratic participation in corporate decision making is important to whom? Citizens
  6. Deetz’s critical communication theory seeks to balance: corporate and human interests
  7. To enhance stakeholder participation, Deetz recommends what about quality info? Open negotiations of power and stakeholders should have a say in corporate decisions