Download Exam 1 | SOC 100 - Introductory Sociology and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity!
Agency
The freedom individuals have to choose and to act TERM 2
Agents of Socialization: Formal and Informal
DEFINITION 2 What plays a part in how we learn as we grow up. TERM 3
Anticipatory Socialization
DEFINITION 3 Processes of socialization in which a person rehearses for future positions, occupations, and social relationships.The voluntary process of preparing to accept new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.Anticipating future positions, occupations, and social relationships TERM 4
Beliefs
DEFINITION 4 Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true. TERM 5
Bourgeoisie and
Proletariat
DEFINITION 5 Bourgeoisie - Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production.Proletariat
- Karl Marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society who lack ownership of the means of production.Bourgeoisie - Owning productionProletariat - Lacking ownership of production
C. Wright
Mills
Charles Wright Mills (August 28, 1916, Waco, Texas - March 20, 1962, West Nyack, New York) was an American sociologist. TERM 7
Charles
Cooley
DEFINITION 7 Coined "Looking-Glass Self" TERM 8
Counterculture
DEFINITION 8 A subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture.Sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a cultural group, or subculture, that run counter to those of the social mainstream of the day, the cultural equivalent of political opposition. Against the grains of society TERM 9
Cultural Relativism
DEFINITION 9 The viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture.The principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. Viewing another culture relative to the person who is viewing in relation to their own culture TERM 10
Cultural Universals
DEFINITION 10 A common (universal) practice or belief shared by all societies.
Impression Formation
Combining simultaneous experiences into emergent meanings that relate complexly to the sources. TERM 17
Impression Management
DEFINITION 17 The altering of the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences.Goal- directed conscious or unconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event; they do so by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. Act one way to one person and act another way to another person to satisfy said person. TERM 18
Karl Marx
DEFINITION 18 Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818 - 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, sociologist, economic historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist who developed the socio-political theory of Marxism. TERM 19
Language
DEFINITION 19 A system of shared symbols; it includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and nonverbal gestures and expressions. TERM 20
levels of Analysis: Macro, Micro
DEFINITION 20 Macro - Sociological investigation that concentrates on large- scale phenomena or entire civilizations.Micro - Sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups and the analysis of our everyday experiences and interactions.Large vs small sociology
Life Course
A research orientation in which sociologists and other social scientists look closely at the social factors that influence people throughout their lives, from birth to death.Research from birth to death. TERM 22
Looking-Glass Self
DEFINITION 22 A theory that we become who we are based on how we think others see us.How we think others see us (looking at ourselves in a mirror). TERM 23
Material Culture
DEFINITION 23 In the social sciences, material culture is a term that refers to the relationship between artifacts and social relations. TERM 24
Nature
DEFINITION 24 Effects of your environment TERM 25
Nurture
DEFINITION 25 The nature versus nurture debate concerns the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities.Effects of your genes.
Sapir - Whorf Hypothesis
The idea that the language a person uses shapes his or her perception of reality and therefore his or her thoughts and actions.The principle of linguistic relativity holds that the structure of a language affects the ways in which its speakers are able to conceptualize their worldHow you see the world based on your language TERM 32
Self: "I" and
"Me"
DEFINITION 32 Our sense of who we are, distinct from others, and shaped by the unique combination of our social interactions. TERM 33
Sex
DEFINITION 33 The biological differences between males and females.Genitals. TERM 34
Gender
DEFINITION 34 The social and cultural significance that we attach to the biological differences of sex.Masculine andFeminine. TERM 35
Social Construction of Reality
DEFINITION 35 Sociological theories of knowledge that consider how social phenomena or objects of consciousness develop in social contexts.
Social Context
The social environment of an individual, is the culture that s/he was educated and/or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom the person interacts.Environment in which you interact. TERM 37
Social Science
DEFINITION 37 The study of the social features of humans and the ways in which they interact and change. TERM 38
Natural Science
DEFINITION 38 The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change. TERM 39
Socialization
DEFINITION 39 The lifelong process through which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture.Always learning. TERM 40
Society
DEFINITION 40 The structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared through regularized patterns of social interaction.
Taboo
Strong social prohibition relating to any area of human activity or social custom that is sacred and forbidden based on moral judgment and religious beliefs. TERM 47
"The Hills"
DEFINITION 47 The Hills is an MTV television series that premiered on May 31, 2006. The show uses a reality television format, following the personal lives of several young adults living in Los Angeles, California. TERM 48
Symbolic Interactionism
DEFINITION 48 Major sociological perspective that places emphasis on micro-scale social interaction, which is particularly important in subfields such as urban sociology and social psychology. Micro social interaction; urban sociology TERM 49
Structural
Functionalism
DEFINITION 49 Broad perspective in sociology and anthropology which sets out to interpret society as a structure with interrelated parts. TERM 50
Conflict
DEFINITION 50 A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and political representation.
Total Institution
An institution that regulates all aspects of a person's life under a single authority, such as a prison, the military, a mental hospital, or a convent.Place of work and residence where a great number of similarly situated people, cut off from the wider community for a considerable time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life. Total control over one's life. TERM 52
Values
DEFINITION 52 A collective conception of what is considered good, desirable, and properor bad, undesirable, and improperin a culture.
