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Ethics and Compliance Test UHC Test
Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
Regarding Dr. Jack Kevorkian's impassioned defense of physician-assisted suicide, an emotivist would most likely argue that his position - Correct answer is neither right nor wrong but is just an expression of his feelings. "The first rule for seeking truth was to accept nothing as true which I did not clearly recognize to be so." - Correct answer René Descartes Which of the following traits would you most likely find in a self- actualized person? - Correct answer authenticity What is it that, by definition, all philosophers love? - Correct answer wisdom The primary purpose of the Socratic method is to - Correct answer find answers to philosophical questions. "I shall never stop practicing philosophy and exhorting you and elucidating the truth for everyone that I meet." - Correct answer Socrates Metaphysical dualists believe that - Correct answer reality is made up of two distinct substances: mind and matter. Which of the following statements best describes ecofeminist Karen Warren's view of Western dualism? - Correct answer It is based on a "logic of domination" that some people are morally superior to others.
"...the human function is the soul's activity that expresses reason..." - Correct answer Aristotle "We begin by admitting that the fundamental ethical concepts are unanalysable, inasmuch as there is no criterion by which one can test the validity of the judgments in which they occur..." - Correct answer A. J. Ayer Opinions are - Correct answer based on feeling rather than on reason. Identify the premise in the following argument: "All moral statements are meaningless because there are no objective criteria for measuring their truth or falsity." - Correct answer "...there are no objective criteria for measuring their truth or falsity." In the context of resistance, cognitive dissonance refers to - Correct answer a psychological conflict that results when people hold conflicting views simultaneously. Identify the fallacy in the following argument: "I hear that the philosopher Jeremy Bentham donated his estate to the University of London on the condition that his body be present at all the board meetings. He must have been a real fruitcake. As far as I'm concerned his moral philosophy can't have any validity." - Correct answer abusive Identify the fallacy in the following argument: "Of course private ownership of property is morally acceptable. It's been fundamental to our American way of life since this country's inception." - Correct answer appeal to tradition Marlene often gets angry and storms off when people question her views on the morality of abortion. Marlene is in all likelihood
realize you will not be able to pass. However, you notice that you can see the answers of the student sitting in front of you. She is one of the best students in the class. Should you copy her answers? What would Kant say? - Correct answer No, you should not copy the test answers because it is dishonest. According to both Kohlberg's and Gilligan's preconventional stage of moral reasoning, which of the following questions would you be most likely to hear from someone who is confronted with a moral issue? - Correct answer "What's in it for me?" In the context of moral sentiments, moral indignation is defined as
- Correct answer the anger an individual feels at the sight of others being harmed. In the context of moral sentiments, the capacity for and inclination to imagine the feelings of others is known as - Correct answer sympathy. Which of the following questions would you be most likely to hear from people in the postconventional stage of moral reasoning when they are confronted with a moral issue in their lives? - Correct answer "Is someone going to be harmed by my action?" According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, - Correct answer people at the postconventional stage of moral development base their moral decisions on universal moral principles. "The superego retains the character of the father, while the more powerful the Oedipus complex was and the more rapidly it succumbed to repression... the stricter will be the domination of the superego later on—in the form of conscience or perhaps of an unconscious sense of guilt." Which of the following theorists is most likely to have made this statement? - Correct answer Sigmund Freud
Which of the following is a criticism of Kohlberg's theory on the stages of moral development? - Correct answer His research on the stages is misleading because his research was based only on studies with men. In the context of moral reasoning, ________Blank involves the use of rhetoric, fallacies, and resistance rather than logical analysis. - Correct answer rationalization In the context of ethical subjectivism, ________Blank is the moral theory that moral statements are neither true nor false but simply expressions of feeling. - Correct answer emotivism Mary Wollstonecraft criticized Rousseau's ethical subjectivism on the grounds that - Correct answer moral truths must be the same for both men and women. Which of the following is a logical consequence of people adopting ethical subjectivism as a moral theory? - Correct answer There is no moral obligation for a sadist to refrain from torturing people. "SR [Student Relativism] is not the same as some such philosophical position because it is simply not a position at all... To have a position (and especially a philosophical position) it is necessary in some sense to engage with questions and issues." - Correct answer Stephen Satris The Kitty Genovese syndrome is characterized by - Correct answer moral indifference to others' distress. An opinion is a statement that - Correct answer expresses how a person feels.
The Kitty Genovese syndrome is characterized by - Correct answer moral indifference to others' distress. An opinion is a statement that - Correct answer expresses how a person feels. ________Blank is a moral theory that states that it is difficult, if not impossible, to know the nature of moral truths or whether these truths exist. - Correct answer Ethical skepticism "[Women's] first duty is to themselves as rational creatures." - Correct answer Mary Wollstonecraft According to Mary Midgley, - Correct answer we should make moral judgments. Which of the following sources of information would probably be most important to a college student who is a cultural relativist in deciding whether to ban hate speech? - Correct answer the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution According to divine command theorists, - Correct answer it was morally acceptable for the terrorists to bomb the World Trade Center on 9/11, if the command to do so came from God. In the context of morality, the divine command theory claims that - Correct answer morality is relative to or dependent on God's will. Which of the following is a basic tenet of American civil religion? - Correct answer God is actively involved in history and has a special interest in America. In the context of religion and society, with which of the following sentiments is Karl Marx most likely to agree? - Correct answer
Religion is a destructive force created by people to maintain the divisive and oppressive status quo in society. Why does one of the critiques of divine command theory suggest that God as envisioned by the Christian tradition does not exist? - Correct answer There is evil and suffering in the world. Which of the following is the best example of a supererogatory act? - Correct answer Harry spent the previous week, at his own expense, helping to rescue flood victims in Alabama. "What is pleasing to the gods, and the man that pleases them, are holy; what is hateful to the gods, and the man they hate, unholy. But the holy and unholy are not the same; the holy is directly opposite to the unholy." Which of the following persons said this?
- Correct answer Socrates According to Sioux lawyer and writer Eagle Man, the moral community in many Native American spiritual traditions includes - Correct answer all rational and irrational beings. According to Kai Nielsen, which of the following comes first? - Correct answer a concept of morality before the worship of God In the context of morality and religion, morality that is beyond what is normally expected of an individual is known as - Correct answer supererogatory. Cultural relativists like Ruth Benedict rejected social Darwinism because, unlike social Darwinists, they believed that - Correct answer Darwin's theory of evolution does not imply that primitive cultures are less morally evolved. Which of the following people would a cultural relativist be most likely to label immoral? - Correct answer Martin Luther King Jr.
According to anthropologist Clyde Kluckhohn, which of the following moral values is transcultural? - Correct answer a prohibition against indiscriminate lying
