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Risk Assessment and Lead-Based Paint Hazard Identification, Exams of Nursing

Brunel University LondonNursing

Answers to frequently asked questions about risk assessment and lead-based paint hazards. It covers topics such as visual assessment, sampling methods, hazard categories, and prevention strategies. The document also discusses federal policies related to lead-based paint and the importance of proper containment and cleanup.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 02/15/2024

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EPA Risk Assessor
Examination test of the
year
1. Risk Assessment - answers>An on-site investigation
of a residential dwelling for lead-based paint hazards.
Risk assessment includes investigating the age,
history, management and maintenance of the
dwelling; conducting a visual assessment, performing
limited environmental sampling, such as dust wipe
samples, soil samples, and deteriorated paint
samples, and reporting the results that identify
acceptable abatement and interim control strategies
based on specific conditions and the owner's
capabilities.
2. Inspection - answers>A surface-by-surface
investigation for determining the presence of lead-
based paint (and in some cases, sampling for lead in
dust and soil) and a report of the results.
3. Lead-based paint hazard - answers>Any condition
that causes exposure to lead from lead contaminated
dust, lead-contaminated soil, deteriorated lead-based
paint, or from lead-based paint present on
accessible, friction, or impact surfaces would result in
adverse human health effects.
4. Primary Prevention - answers>Lead-based paint risk
assessments and/or inspections and abatement
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Download Risk Assessment and Lead-Based Paint Hazard Identification and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

EPA Risk Assessor

Examination test of the

year

  1. Risk Assessment - answers>An on-site investigation of a residential dwelling for lead-based paint hazards. Risk assessment includes investigating the age, history, management and maintenance of the dwelling; conducting a visual assessment, performing limited environmental sampling, such as dust wipe samples, soil samples, and deteriorated paint samples, and reporting the results that identify acceptable abatement and interim control strategies based on specific conditions and the owner's capabilities.
  2. Inspection - answers>A surface-by-surface investigation for determining the presence of lead- based paint (and in some cases, sampling for lead in dust and soil) and a report of the results.
  3. Lead-based paint hazard - answers>Any condition that causes exposure to lead from lead contaminated dust, lead-contaminated soil, deteriorated lead-based paint, or from lead-based paint present on accessible, friction, or impact surfaces would result in adverse human health effects.
  4. Primary Prevention - answers>Lead-based paint risk assessments and/or inspections and abatement

and/or interim controls in housing before children are lead poisoned.

  1. Secondary Prevention - answers>Blood lead screening programs to identify children who already have elevated blood lead levels.
  2. Tertiary Prevention - answers>Medical treatment/ management of children to prevent acute injuries or death from lead poisoning.
  3. What was the purpose of Title X legislation? (4) - answers>2-
  4. What is the historical importance of Housing Authority Risk Retention Group (HARGG)? - answers>2-
  5. What's the difference between a lead inspection and a risk assessment? - answers>2-20, 3-
  6. What are the 7 steps of the Risk Assessment process? - answers>1. Obtain background information
    1. Determine the most appropriate evaluation process for the owner's dwelling(s)
    1. Schedule the site visit
    1. Conduct the evaluation (including visual assessment and environmental sampling)
    1. Determine the actual hazards (if any)
    1. Identify options for reducing or eliminating these hazards
    1. Produce a written report
  1. Name 2 examples of liability under Tort Law: - answers>Negligence
  2. Vicarious Liability
  3. Negligence - answers>Failure to fulfill all of your duties/ failure to exercise the standard of care to which a reasonable Risk Assessor or contractor would adhere.
  4. Vicarious Liability - answers>Employer is legally responsible for the acts, ommissions and wrongful behavior (torts) of his/her employees.
  5. Plaintiff needs to prove 4 elements:
  6. Act or omission
  7. Duty
  8. Cause
  9. Injury
  10. Indemnification - answers>2-
  11. What are at least 4 principles risk assessors should follow to avoid legal liability under tort law? - answers>2-26 E.g. document everything, never say anything is "lead free", say that a risk assessment only applies to the present status of the property, keep records
  12. Describe at least four important objectives of the initial property owner contact prior to conducting risk assessment? - answers>3-
  1. What are the 5 different evaluation options that can be recommended to the property owner? - answers>Combination risk assessment/ inspection
  2. Risk assessment
  3. Paint inspection
  4. lead hazard Screen
  5. Investigation for EBL
  6. What are 6 different motivating factors that affect what type of evaluation option to choose? - answers>3-18 E.g. legal requirement, liability issues, preventative measures, response to a lead poisoning case
  7. What's the difference between a risk assessment and an EBL child investigation? - answers>3-8, 3-
  8. T/F: The risk assessor should be involved in the process of selecting a contractor. - answers>False
  9. How long does visual assessment and sampling take? - answers>45 minutes - 3 hours
  10. T/F: Risk assessors should always go ahead and educate the tenants about lead poisoning. - answers>False
  11. What are the benefits of preliminary data collection to assist risk assessment? - answers>3-
  12. Scenario: You arrive on premises and are scheduled to conduct a visual assessment of the property. Which do you take note of?
  13. There are big cracks in the walls.
  1. What side of the house is more likely to have damage due to moisture? - answers>North side
  2. T/F: Bare soil constitutes a lead based paint hazard. - answers>True
  3. What are some exterior components that a risk assessor should inspect? - answers>4-
  4. Roof, gutters, downspouts, windows, porches, masonry, fences and garages
  5. You are conducting a visual inspection, and notice that the basement has a drop ceiling. What do you do? - answers>In a few rooms, lift a ceiling panel to assess the condition of the ceiling.
  6. Window Components:
  7. What is a weep hole?
  8. A plinth block?
  9. What is a parting bead? - answers>4-
  10. Door components:
  11. What's a hinge pin?
  12. What's a strike? - answers>4-
  13. Wall/trim components:
  14. What's a soffit? - answers>A horizontal chase on top of a wall.
  15. 4-
  16. Stair components:
  17. What's a ballustrade?
  18. What's a newel post?
  19. What are risers and treads? - answers>4-
  1. Describe ineffective flashing. - answers>4-
  2. What is the purpose of a slash block? - answers>4-
  3. To redirect runoff from a downspout that's too near a foundation.
  4. What are three conditions that contribute to moisture damage in a bathroom? - answers>Shower steam
  5. Lack of caulk around a tub
  6. Defective plumbing
  7. 4-
  8. Lead Based Paint Poisoning Act (1971)
  9. *Federal LPP Policies - answers>First major lead- based paint legislation; addressed lead-based paint in federal housing.
  10. Phase Out Lead in Gasoline (1973)
  11. *Federal LPP Policies - answers>US EPA regulated a phase-out of lead in gasoline.
  12. Ban on Residential Paint (1978)
  13. *Federal LPP Policies - answers>CPSC banned lead paint in residential properties.
  14. Safe Drinking Water Act (1986)

lead-based paint notification, evaluation and remediation.

  1. Hazard Standards for Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil (2001)
  2. *Federal LPP Policies - answers>US EPA established a definition of a lead-based paint hazard and standards for paint, dust, and soil in children's play areas.
  3. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (2008)
  4. *Federal LPP Policies - answers>CPSC lowered the cap on lead in paint from 0.06% to 0.0009% and incorporated the Lead-Free Toy Act, setting limit on lead content in toys.
  5. Lead Renovation, Repair and Paint Rule (2010) - answers>US EPA requied contractors working on homes built before 1978 to be certified and follow lead safe guidelines.
  6. T/F: Dust lead levels are the weakest predictor of children's BLL compared to other variables. - answers>False. Strongest.
  7. Lead hazard level of dust for:
  8. Floor - answers>40 ug/ft^
  9. Lead hazard level of dust for:
  10. Window sill - answers>250 ug/ft^
  1. Lead hazard level of dust for:
  2. Window well - answers>400 ug/ft^
  3. What are the two ways to describe the amount of lead in dust? - answers>Loading (area concentration) ug/ft^2 or ug/cm^
  4. Mass concentration (ug/g, ppm, or mg/kg)
  5. Give one example of a commercially available disposable wipe and one drugstore alternative? - answers>Ghost Wipes; Little Ones Baby Wash Cloths
  6. Scenario: You are taking dust wipes on a window sill. The window sill has two large vases, several large clumps of hair, a few medium sized rocks and paint chips. What do you do? - answers>Remove any large debris, but include the paint chips in your dust wipe sampling.
  7. T/F: Any baby wipe with aloe is good for taking dust wipes. - answers>False.
  8. Describe the single-surface wipe sampling procedure. - answers>1. Outline Wipe Area
    1. Preliminary Inspection of the Disposable Wipes
    1. Preparation of Centrifuge Tubes
  11. Gloves
  12. Initial Placement of Wipe
  13. First Wipe Pass (side-to-side)
  14. Second Wipe Pass (top-to-bottom)
  15. Rectangular Areas
  16. Packaging the Wipe
  17. Labeling the Centrifuge Tube
  1. You need _ spike for every __ samples. - answers>1 spike for every 50 samples
  2. Scenario: You are watching a trainee risk assessor take dust wipes. You notice a few mistakes that he makes. Which of these is not a mistake? A)He changes his gloves with every dust sample. B)While he's taking samples, he drinks some water from his bottle. C)He notices one of his Ghost Wipes is dry to the touch, but uses it anyway. D) He only takes one side-to-side pass before putting the sample in the tune. - answers>A
  3. What are 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of composite wipe sampling? - answers>5-
  4. Pro: cost, increased surface area per same cost
  5. Con: info on a specific location is lost, laborities need to adopt special handling procedures
  6. What are the 3 minimum separate composite dust samples to be collected? - answers>Bare floors, window sills and window trough
  7. The 4 minimum rooms that should be sampled for composite dust samples: - answers>Principle play room, kitchen, bedroom of youngest child >6 months of age, bedroom of next oldest child
  8. For single-surface samples, at least __ to __ dust samples are necessary for evaluating the hazards in each dwelling. - answers>6-
  1. Children are most likely to come into contact with dust in the following areas except: A)Entry way (including porch) B)Closet of subrentee's bedroom, locked all day C)Living room/ dining room D) Bathroom - answers>B
  2. Which window component has the highest amount of dust levels? A)Window Casing B)Window Sill C)Window Well D) None of the above E) B and C - answers>E
  3. Dust lead levels are highest in the center of the room or the perimeter? - answers>Perimeter
  4. Laboratory results of your dust samples came in. They failed to obtain readings within the 80-120% true value error limits. In response, you send two more spikes immediately for analysis. These samples come back failing as well. What do you do? A)Conduct a full review of laboratory procedures B)Take additional samples from the previously sampled locations C)Ignore the failures, and proceed to use the dust lab results D) Correct the blanked wipes that have more than acceptable background lead levels E) A and B F) C and D - answers>E
  1. *EPA Levels of Lead in Bare Soil - answers> ug/g
  2. Levels requiring permanent abatement
  3. *EPA Levels of Lead in Bare Soil - answers> ug/g
  4. How deep should you collect the top soil when taking a soil sample? - answers>5/8 inch
  5. What are a few methods of taking soil sample? - answers>Tube itself, coring tool, syringe
  6. Give a few examples of soil sampling equipment? - answers>6-
  7. Soil coring device
  8. Spatula or spoon
  9. Ruler/ tape measurer
  10. Gloves
  11. T/F: You need blanks and spikes for soil samples during routine lead-based paint risk assessments too.
- answers>False
  1. In most situations, __ composite samples per dwelling will be adequate (one from the ___ area, the other from the ___ foundation). And each composite sample should consist of __ to __ subsamples. - answers>
  2. play area
  3. building foundation
  4. 3-
  1. When taking soil samples along the building foundation, take samples __ to __ feet apart, and __ to __ ft from the building exterior - answers>2-6 feet
  2. 2-3 feet
  3. T/F: You want to take a soil sample from bare soil where a child swing is located. You take soil subsamples following a Z pattern. - answers>False. X Pattern.
  4. Scenario: Your risk assessor trainee is trying to take soil samples next to the building foundation. There are a lot of small paint chips. The trainee makes extra effort to sample more of these paint chips, saying that this way we'll get a better idea of the amount of lead coming from the building exterior. Is his methodology reasonable? - answers>No. You should make no special attempt to over sample paint chips.
  5. How are soil samples analyzed in the lab? Name 3 methods. - answers>XRF
  6. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
  7. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)
  8. AAS - answers>Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
  9. ICP - answers>Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
  10. You should only use laboratories recognized under the EPA ____ Program. - answers>National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program
  1. % by weight - answers>5,000 ppm
  2. 5,000 mg/kg
  3. 0.5% by weight
  4. In most cases, risk assessments will result in an need to measure __ to __ paint films. - answers>2-
  5. Friction and impact surfaces should be analyzed through: A)Paint chip B)Dust sample C)XRF - answers>B
  6. Accessible and chewable surfaces should be analyzed through: A)Paint chips B)XRF C)Visual asessment - answers>C
  7. Scenario: You are about to do XRF testing of wall components in a room, and are doing a visual inspection first to determine what areas you are going to test. There's a giant crack on the wall. Some areas, several layers of paint have come off. You decide to test: A)The area with the most amount of deterioration, to get closest to the oldest layers of paint B)The area with the least amount of deterioration, to get the full lead paint history C)Doesn't matter, anywhere on the wall is appropriate D) You try somewhere in the middle - answers>B
  1. Scenario: You are going to take a paint chip sample. Which of these is NOT an example of an unobstrusive area? A)Middle of the wall, eye-level B)Behind a large picture frame C)Behind the couch D) Corner of the wall - answers>A
  2. Why should you sample all layers of paint whenever possible? - answers>7-
  3. What size should your paint chip sample be? - answers>2 inches x 2 inches
  4. What are the units of measurement for laboratory paint chip analysis? - answers>mg/cm^
  5. ug/g, weight percent, or mg/kg
  6. Your landlord was telling you about his experiences with an unlicensed risk assessor. That risk assessor used a chemical spot test kit, and also used portable XRF analysis of paint chips. Would you accept these as valid? (Y/N) - answers>No
  7. NLLAP - answers>National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program
  8. NLLAP includes these 2 organizations: - answers>A2LA - American Association for Laboratory Accreditation
  9. AIHA - American Industrial Hygiene Association