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EMT NATIONAL REGISTRY EXAM ONE
3 effects of intracranial pressure on vital signs - answer-bradycardia, irregular breathing, hypertension ___ ___ is part of a syndrome called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - answer-chronic bronchitis ___ ___ is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks. - answer-Acute bronchitis a group of diseases characterized by the pathological limitation of airflow in the airway that is not fully reversible. - answer-COPD A late sign of shock is: - answer-decreased blood pressure A PASG is contraindicated if the patient presents with cardiogenic shock or _______. - answer-abnormal lung sounds a policy or protocol issued by a medical director that authorizes EMTs to perform particular skills in certain situations - answer-standing orders A sign of breathing difficulty in children is a decrease in ___ ___. - answer-pulse rate A sudden loss of _______ of blood is considered serious in an average adult. - answer-1000cc A thrombus which has broken loose, moving with blood flow, is called - answer-an embolism A weakened section of an arterial wall that begins to dilate is known as a(n) - answer-aneurysm Activated Charcoal: Contraindications - answer-Poor LOC, vomiting Activated Charcoal: Dosage - answer-1 g/kg of body weight, adults usually 25- 50g, children 12.5-25g Activated Charcoal: Side Effects - answer-Constipation, nausea, vomiting, bowel obstruction
After delivering your first shock with an AED, the patient is still pulseless, you should next - answer-perform two minutes or 5 cycles of CPR Albuterol: Action - answer-Bronchodilator Albuterol: Contraindications - answer-Allergy Albuterol: Dose - answer-2.5 mg nebulized with 2.5 mL saline (for a total of 3mL) Albuterol: Indications - answer-Acute bronchospasm due to asthma or COPD Albuterol: Side effects - answer-Headache, tachycardia, hypertension An example of a shockable rhythm - answer-pulseless ventricular tachycardia An infant or child patient who exhibits wheezing, increased breathing effort on exhalation, or rapid breathing without stridor probably has: - answer-A lower- airway disease an inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs - answer- bronchitis ASA: Action - answer-Impedes blood clotting ASA: Contraindications - answer-allergy, bleeding disorder, already taken 324mg ASA: Dosage - answer-324mg (81mg x 4) Atrovent: Action - answer-Bronchodilator Atrovent: Contraindications - answer-Allergy to drug, soybeans, peanuts, glaucoma Atrovent: Dose - answer-0.5 mg nebulized w/ 2.5 mL saline (3mL total) Atrovent: Side Effects - answer-Dry mouth, headache, gastrointestinal distress caused by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue, from destruction of structures supporting the alveoli, and destruction of capillaries feeding the alveoli. - answer- emphysema Chaotic electrical activity originating from many sites in the heart is called: - answer-Ventricular fibrillation DCAP-BTLS = - answer-deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling
If the patient is not defibrillated within _______ minutes of a cardiac arrest, there is almost no chance for survival. - answer- In an adult, a systolic BP of __ or less is hypotensive - answer-90mmHg In patients > 1 y/o, the 1st pulse you check - answer-radial In the condition called ____, there is not electrical stimulus to cause the heart muscle to contract. - answer-asystole list of steps to be taken in different situations - answer-protocols Lung sounds that resemble low-pitched snoring or rattling are called - answer- rhonchi Normal breathing rate for adults - answer-12- Normal breathing rate for children - answer-15- Normal breathing rate for infants - answer-25- Normal diastolic BP in adults - answer-60 to 90 Normal pulse rate for an adult - answer-60-100 bpm Normal systolic BP in adults - answer-90 to 150 Not all poisons are toxins. Toxins are poisons that are - answer-produced by living organisms NTG: Action - answer-vasodilator, decreases blood return to heart NTG: Contraindications - answer-systolic pressure <100mm/Hg, use of ED med within last 24 hrs, head injury NTG: Dosage - answer-0.4mg SL, repeat every 3-5 min for 15 min NTG: Indications - answer-chest pain of cardiac origin, angina, acute CHF NTG: Side Effects - answer-headache, hypotension, tachycardia occurs when an object migrates from one part of the body and causes a blockage of a blood vessel in another part of the body - answer-embolism Order of preference for artifical breathing techniques, best to worst - answer- Mouth to mask, 2-rescuer BVM, Flow-restricted O2 powered device, 1-rescuer BVM
orders from the on-duty MD given directly to an EMT-B - answer-on-line medical direction Oximeter reading in a normal, healthy person - answer-96- Pertinant characteristics of breathing - answer-rate, rhythm, quality, depth Prior to delivery, if the mother is in the supine position, she may develop dizziness and a drop in blood pressure. This is called: - answer-supine hypotensive syndrome Signs of internal bleeding include: - answer-Bruising, swelling, and pain over vital organs; painful, swollen, or deformed extremities Small round purplish spots, called petechiae, are caused by: - answer-capillary bleeding Splinting a closed, angulated fracture in the position in which it was found may cause a(n) _______ during transport. - answer-open fracture standing orders issued by the medical director that allow EMTs to do things without speaking to the med director - answer-off-line medical direction This increases in adults with breathing difficulty. - answer-Pulse rate the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by breaths/minute
- answer-minute volume The butt or feet of a baby presents first - answer-Breech presentation The condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs because of the inadequate pumping of the heart is called - answer-CHF the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system - answer-thrombosis The normal headfirst delivery of a baby is called a: - answer-Cephalic presentation The primary electrical disturbance that results in cardiac arrest is... - answer- Ventricular fibrillation The required amount of suctioning that a suction unit must provide. - answer- L/min, 300 mmHg The spinal column is made up of _______ separate irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae - answer-
