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EMT NATIONAL REGISTRY EXAM
AND ANSWERS
3 effects of intracranial pressure on vital signs - answer-bradycardia, irregular breathing, hypertension ___ ___ is part of a syndrome called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - answer-chronic bronchitis ___ ___ is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks. - answer-Acute bronchitis a group of diseases characterized by the pathological limitation of airflow in the airway that is not fully reversible. - answer-COPD A late sign of shock is: - answer-decreased blood pressure A PASG is contraindicated if the patient presents with cardiogenic shock or _______. - answer-abnormal lung sounds a policy or protocol issued by a medical director that authorizes EMTs to perform particular skills in certain situations - answer-standing orders A sign of breathing difficulty in children is a decrease in ___ ___. - answer-pulse rate A sudden loss of _______ of blood is considered serious in an average adult. - answer-1000cc
A thrombus which has broken loose, moving with blood flow, is called - answer-an embolism A weakened section of an arterial wall that begins to dilate is known as a(n) - answer-aneurysm Activated Charcoal: Contraindications - answer-Poor LOC, vomiting Activated Charcoal: Dosage - answer-1 g/kg of body weight, adults usually 25- 50g, children 12.5-25g Activated Charcoal: Side Effects - answer-Constipation, nausea, vomiting, bowel obstruction After delivering your first shock with an AED, the patient is still pulseless, you should next - answer-perform two minutes or 5 cycles of CPR Albuterol: Action - answer-Bronchodilator Albuterol: Contraindications - answer-Allergy Albuterol: Dose - answer-2.5 mg nebulized with 2.5 mL saline (for a total of 3mL) Albuterol: Indications - answer-Acute bronchospasm due to asthma or COPD Albuterol: Side effects - answer-Headache, tachycardia, hypertension An example of a shockable rhythm - answer-pulseless ventricular tachycardia An infant or child patient who exhibits wheezing, increased breathing effort on exhalation, or rapid breathing without stridor probably has: - answer-A lower- airway disease an inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs - answer- bronchitis
Epinephrine: Indications - answer-Anaphylaxis Epinephrine: Side Effects - answer-Headache, palpitations, hypertension, tachycardia Flow rates for nasal cannula - answer-1-6 L/min Flow rates for NRB - answer-12-15 L/min Full dilation of the cervix occurs in the _______ stage of labor. - answer-first Glucagon: Action - answer-increases blood glucose by stimulating liver to release stored glycogen Glucagon: Contraindications - answer-allergy, hx of pheochromocytoma (tumor which secretes epinephrine) Glucagon: Dosage - answer-1.0 mg for >44lbs, 0.5 mg for <44lbs, repeat in 20 min if no response Glucagon: Side Effects - answer-hypotension, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress Half of all cardiac arrest patients will initially have a _______ rhythm. - answer- Ventricular fibrillation Hypoglycemia - answer-Blood sugar less than 60 If a cardiac arrest occurs within two hours of the onset of symptoms, it is called - answer-sudden death If a patient is eight months pregnant, how much blood can she potentially lose before exhibiting signs of shock? - answer-30-35%
If the patient is not defibrillated within _______ minutes of a cardiac arrest, there is almost no chance for survival. - answer- In an adult, a systolic BP of __ or less is hypotensive - answer-90mmHg In patients > 1 y/o, the 1st pulse you check - answer-radial In the condition called ____, there is not electrical stimulus to cause the heart muscle to contract. - answer-asystole list of steps to be taken in different situations - answer-protocols Lung sounds that resemble low-pitched snoring or rattling are called - answer- rhonchi Normal breathing rate for adults - answer-12- Normal breathing rate for children - answer-15- Normal breathing rate for infants - answer-25- Normal diastolic BP in adults - answer-60 to 90 Normal pulse rate for an adult - answer-60-100 bpm Normal systolic BP in adults - answer-90 to 150 Not all poisons are toxins. Toxins are poisons that are - answer-produced by living organisms NTG: Action - answer-vasodilator, decreases blood return to heart NTG: Contraindications - answer-systolic pressure <100mm/Hg, use of ED med within last 24 hrs, head injury NTG: Dosage - answer-0.4mg SL, repeat every 3-5 min for 15 min
the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by breaths/minute
- answer-minute volume The butt or feet of a baby presents first - answer-Breech presentation The condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs because of the inadequate pumping of the heart is called - answer-CHF the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system - answer-thrombosis The normal headfirst delivery of a baby is called a: - answer-Cephalic presentation The primary electrical disturbance that results in cardiac arrest is... - answer- Ventricular fibrillation The required amount of suctioning that a suction unit must provide. - answer- L/min, 300 mmHg The spinal column is made up of _______ separate irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae - answer- Type _ diabetes usually develops in adults and often is controlled by diet and oral medication. - answer- Type _ diabetes usually develops in childhood, and requires at least daily doses of supplemental insulin. - answer- Usually only _______ patients can develop hemorrhagic shock due to a closed head injury. - answer-infant Ventilation rate for adults - answer-12/min Ventilation rate for children - answer-20/min
Ventilation rate for infants - answer-20/min What is a very late sign of an ectopic pregnancy? - answer-Low BP When gases enter the bloodstream as the result of a damaged lung, it is called a(n)
- answer-arterial gas embolism When pressure increases inside the skull because of swelling of brain tissue, blood flow is decreased. This results in... - answer-the brain being starved for oxygen and carbon dioxide increasing, causing more swelling. The major artery of the arm - answer-brachial artery APGAR - answer-Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiratory effort layers of skin, outside to inside - answer-epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous Which body parts are considered to be 9% of total body surface area - answer- head, chest, abdomen, both arms, each leg What part of the body can be used to estimate 1% surface area - answer-palm
