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EMT-Basic Exam Review: Anatomy, Terminology, and Key Concepts, Exams of Nursing

National Polytechnic CollegeNursing

A comprehensive review of essential emt-basic concepts, focusing on anatomical terminology, body positions, and the functions of various body systems. It includes key definitions and explanations relevant to emergency medical services, such as anatomical directions (medial, lateral, anterior, posterior), body positions (supine, recovery position, fowler's position), and the components of the musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. This resource is designed to aid emt students in preparing for exams and reinforcing their understanding of fundamental medical principles. It also covers important aspects of emergency response, including the 911 system, medical direction, and safety protocols. A valuable tool for emt-basic exam preparation and quick reference.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/11/2025

Nurseexcel
Nurseexcel 🇺🇸

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EMT-Basic Exam Review Questions and Verified Answers 100% Correct
1. medial:utowardutheumidlineuofutheubody
2. lateral:utoutheuside,uawayufromutheumidlineuofutheubody
3. bilateral:uonubothusides
4. mid-axillaryuline:uaulineudrawnuverticallyufromutheumiddleuofutheuarmpitutoutheuankle
5. anterior:utheufrontuofutheubodyuorubody
6. posterior:utheubackuofutheubodyuorubodyupart
7. ventral:ureferringutoutheufrontuofutheubody.uausynonymuforuanterior
8. dorsal:ureferringutoutheubackuofutheubodyuorutheubackuofutheuhanduorufoot.uAusynonymuforuposteri
or
9. superior:utowardutheuhead.
10. inferior:uawayufromutheuhead;uusuallyucompareduwithuanotherustructureuthatuisucloseruto
utheuhead
11. proximal:ucloserutoutheutorso
12. distal:ufartheruawayufromutheutorso
13. torso:utheutrunkuofutheubody;utheubodyuwithoututheuheaduandutheuextremities
14. palmer:ureferringutoutheupalmuofutheuhand
15. plantar:ureferringutoutheusoleuofutheufoot
16. mid-clavicular:utheulineuthroughutheucenteruofutheuclavical
17. abdominaluquadrants:ufourudivisionsuofutheuabdomenuusedutoupinpointutheulocationuof
uaupainuoruinjury:utheurightuupperuquadrant,utheuleftuupperuquadrant,utheurightuloweruquadran
tuandutheuleftuloweruquadrant
18. supine:ulyinguonutheuback
19. recoveryuposition:ulyinguonutheuside.ualsoucalledutheulateralurecumbentuposition
20. Fowler'suPosition:uausittinguposition
21. RightuUpperuQuadrant:uLiver,uRightuKidney,uColon,uPancreas,uGallbladder
22. LeftuUpperuQuadrant:uLiver,uSpleen,uLeftuKidney,uStomach,uColonuPancreas
23. RightuLoweruQuadrant:uRightuKidney,uColon,uSmalluIntestines,uMajoruarteryuanduveinutoutheu
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Download EMT-Basic Exam Review: Anatomy, Terminology, and Key Concepts and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

EMT-Basic Exam Review Questions and Verified Answers 100% Correct

  1. medial:u towardutheumidlineuofutheubody
  2. lateral:u toutheuside,uawayufromutheumidlineuofutheubody
  3. bilateral:u onubothusides
  4. mid-axillaryuline:u aulineudrawnuverticallyufromutheumiddleuofutheuarmpitutoutheuankle
  5. anterior:u theufrontuofutheubodyuorubody
  6. posterior:u theubackuofutheubodyuorubodyupart
  7. ventral:u referringutoutheufrontuofutheubody.uausynonymuforuanterior
  8. dorsal:u referringutoutheubackuofutheubodyuorutheubackuofutheuhanduorufoot.uAusynonymuforuposteri or
  9. superior:u towardutheuhead.
  10. inferior:u awayufromutheuhead;uusuallyucompareduwithuanotherustructureuthatuisucloseruto utheuhead
  11. proximal:u closerutoutheutorso
  12. distal:u fartheruawayufromutheutorso
  13. torso:u theutrunkuofutheubody;utheubodyuwithoututheuheaduandutheuextremities
  14. palmer:u referringutoutheupalmuofutheuhand
  15. plantar:u referringutoutheusoleuofutheufoot
  16. mid-clavicular:u theulineuthroughutheucenteruofutheuclavical
  17. abdominaluquadrants:u fourudivisionsuofutheuabdomenuusedutoupinpointutheulocationuof uaupainuoruinjury:utheurightuupperuquadrant,utheuleftuupperuquadrant,utheurightuloweruquadran tuandutheuleftuloweruquadrant
  18. supine:u lyinguonutheuback
  19. recoveryuposition:u lyinguonutheuside.ualsoucalledutheulateralurecumbentuposition
  20. Fowler'suPosition:u ausittinguposition
  21. RightuUpperuQuadrant:u Liver,uRightuKidney,uColon,uPancreas,uGallbladder
  22. LeftuUpperuQuadrant:u Liver,uSpleen,uLeftuKidney,uStomach,uColonuPancreas
  23. RightuLoweruQuadrant:u RightuKidney,uColon,uSmalluIntestines,uMajoruarteryuanduveinutoutheu

rightuleg,uUreter,uApendix

  1. LeftuLoweruQuadrant:u Leftukidney,ucolon,usmalluintestines,umajoruarteryuanduveinutoutheuleftu leg,uureter
  2. TrendelenburguPosition:u aupositionuinuwhichutheupatientsufeetuandulegsuareuhigherutha nutheuheadu(Shockuposition)
  3. musculoskeletalusystem:u systemuofubonesuanduskeletalumusclesuthatusupportuanduprot ectutheubodyuandupermitumovement
  4. skeleton:u theubonesuofutheubody
  5. muscle:u tissueuthatucanucontractutouallowumovementuofuaubodyupart
  6. ligament:u tissueuthatuconnectsuboneutoubone
  7. tendon:u tissueuthatuconnectsumuscleutoubone
  8. skull:u theubonyustructureuofutheuhead
  1. acromioclavicularujoint:u theujointuwhereutheuacromionuandutheuclavicleumeet
  2. humerus:u theuboneuofutheuupperuarmubetweenutheushoulderuandutheuelbow
  3. radius:u theulateraluboneuofutheuforearm
  4. carpals:u wristubones
  5. metacarpals:u handubones
  6. joints:u theupointuwhereutwoubonesucomeutogether
  7. voluntaryumuscle:u muscleuthatucanubeuconsciousucontrolled;uattachesutoubones;uformsuth eumajorumuscleumassuofutheubody,uresponsibleuforumovement
  1. involuntaryumuscle:u muscleuthaturespondsuautomaticallyutoubrainusignalsubutucannotub euconsciouslyucontrolled
  2. cardiacumuscle:u specializeduinvoluntaryumuscleufounduonlyuinutheuheart;uhasuitsuownubloo dusupply;ucontractsuonuitsuown
  3. automaticity:u theuabilityuofutheuheartutougenerateuanduconductuelectricaluimpulsesuonuitsuo wn
  4. respiratoryusystem:u theusystemuofutheunose,umouth,uthroat,ulungs,uandumusclesuthatubings uoxygenuintoutheubodyuanduexpelsucarbonudioxide
  5. oropharynx:u theuareaudirectlyuposteriorutoutheumouth
  6. nasopharynx:u theuareaudirectlyuposteriorutoutheunose
  7. pharynx:u theuareaudirectlyuposteriorutoutheumouthuandunose.uItuisumadeuupuofutheuorophary nxuandutheunasopharynx
  8. epiglottis:u auleaf- shapedustructureuthatupreventsufooduanduforeignumatterufromuenteringutheutrachea
  9. larynx:u theuvoiceubox
  10. cricoiducartilage:u theuring-structureuthatuformsutheuloweruportionuofutheularynx
  11. trachea:u theu'windpipe';utheustructureuthatuconnectsutheupharynxutoutheulungs
  12. lungs:u theuorgansuwhereuexchangeuofuatmosphericuoxygenuanduwasteucarbonudioxideuta keuplace
  13. bronchi:u theutwoulargeusetsuofubranchesuthatucomeuoffutheutracheauanduenterutheulungs.uTh ereuareurightuanduleftubronchi
  14. alveoli:u theumicroscopicusacsuofutheulungsuwhereugasuexchangeuwithutheublood- ustreamutakesuplace
  15. diaphragm:u theumuscularustructureuthatudividesutheuchestucavityufromutheuabdom- uinalucavity.uAumajorumuscleuofurespiration
  16. inhalation:u anuactiveuprocessuinuwhichutheuintercostalumusclesuandutheudi- uaphragmucontract,uexpandingutheusizeuofutheuchestucavityuanducausinguairutouflowuintoutheul ungs
  17. exhalation:u aupassiveuprocessuinuwhichutheuintercostalumusclesuandutheudi- uaphragmurelax,ucausingutheuchestucavityutoudecreaseuinusizeuanduairutouflowuoutuofutheulungs
  18. cardiovascularusystem/circulatoryusystem:u theusystemumadeuupuofutheuheartuandutheubl
  1. venaeucavae:u theusuperioruvenaucavauandutheuinferioruvenaucava.uReturnubloodufromutheub odyutoutheurightuatrium
  2. valve:u austructureuthatuopensuanduclosesutoupermitutheuflowuofuaufluiduinuonlyuoneudirection
  3. cardiacuconductionusystem:u ausystemuofuspecializedumuscleutissuesuwhichuconductu electricaluimpulsesuthatustimulateutheuheartutoubeat
  4. artery:u anyublooduvesselucarryingublooduawayufromutheuheart
  5. coronaryuarteries:u blooduvesselsuthatusupplyutheumuscleuofutheuheart
  6. aorta:u theulargestuarteryuinutheubody.utransportsubloodufromutheuleftuventricleutoubeginusy stemicucirculation
  7. pulmonaryuarteries:u vesselsuthatucarryubloodufromutheurightuventricleuofutheuheartutoutheulun gs
  8. carotiduarteries:u largeuneckuarteries,uoneuonueachusideuofutheuneck,uthatucarryubloodublo odufromutheuheartutoutheuhead
  9. femoraluartery:u theumajoruarteryusupplyingutheuleg
  10. brachialuartery:u arteryuofutheuupperuarm;usiteuofutheupulseucheckeduduringuinfantuCPR
  11. radialuartery:u arteryuofutheuloweruarm.uituisufeltuwhenutakingutheupulseuatutheuwrist
  12. posteriorutibialuartery:u arteryusupplyingutheufoot,ubehindutheumedialuankle
  13. dorsalisupedisuartery:u arteryusupplyingutheufoot,ulateralutoutheulargeutendonuofutheubiguto e
  14. arteriole:u theusmallestukinduofuartery
  15. capillary:u authin- walled,umicroscopicublooduvesseluwhereutheuoxygen/carbonudioxideuandunutrient/wasteuex changeuwithutheubody'sucellsutakesuplace
  16. venule:u theusmallestukinduofuvein
  17. vein:u anyublooduvesselureturningubloodutoutheuheart
  18. pulmonaryuveins:u theuvesselsuthatucarryuoxygenatedubloodufromutheulungsutoutheuleftuat riumuofutheuheart
  19. Designateduagent:u anuEMTuoruotherupersonuauthorizedubyuaumedicaludirectorutougiveume dicationsuanduprovideuemergencyucar.
  20. Off- Lineumedicaludirection:u consistsuofustandinguordersuissuedubyutheumedicaludirectoruthatuallowu

EMT'sutougiveucertainumedicationsuoruperformucertainuproceduresuwithoutuspeakingutoutheume dicaludirectoruoruanotheruphysician

  1. On-lineumedicaludirection:u consistsuofuordersufromutheuon- dutyuphysicianugivenudirectlyutouanuEMTuinutheufieldubyuradiouorutelephone
  2. Medicaludirector:u auphysicianuwhouassumesuultimateuresponsibilityuforutheupatientu careuaspectsuofutheuEMSusystem
  3. 911 uSystem:u ausystemuforutelephoneuaccessutoureportuemergencies.uAudispatch- uerutakesutheuinformationuandualertsuEMSuorutheufireuorupoliceudepartmentuasuneeded

atutheupatientuanduhisuphysician,uwhichustateuthatutheupatientuhasuauterminaluillnessuandudoesu notuwishutouprolongulifeuthroughuresuscitationuefforts

  1. dutyutouact:u anuobligationutouprovideucareutouaupatient
  2. expresseduconsent:u consentugivenubyuadultsuwhouareuofulegaluageuandumentallyucompeten tutoumakeuaurationaludecisionuinuregardutoutheirumedicaluwell-being
  3. GooduSamaritanuLaws:u auseriesuofulaws,uvaryinguinueachustate,udesigned,utouprovideuli mitedulegaluprotectionuforucitizensuandusomeuhealthucareupersonneluwhenutheyuareuadminist eringuemergencyucare
  1. HIPAA:u TheuHealthuInsuranceuPortabilityuanduAccountabilityuAct,uaufederalulawuprotectin gutheuprivacyuofupatient- specificuhealthucareuinformationuanduprovidingutheupatientuwithucontroluoveruhowuthisuinform ationuisuuseduandudistributed
  2. implieduconsent:u theuconsentuituisupresumeduaupatient,uorupatient'supar- uent/guardianuwouldugiveuifutheyucould,usuchuasuforuanuunconsciousupatientuoruauparentuwhoucan notubeucontacteduwhenucareuisuneeded
  3. liability:u beinguheldulegallyuresponsible
  4. negligence:u aufindinguofufailureutouactuproperlyuinuausituationuinuwhichuthereuwasuaudutyutou act,uthatuneededucareuasuwouldureasonablyubeuexpecteduofutheuEMTuwasunotuprovided,uanduth atuharmuwasucausedutoutheupatientuasuauresult
  5. organudonor:u aupersonuwhouhasucompleteduaulegaludocumentuthatuallowsuforudonationu ofuorgansuandutissuesuinutheueventuofudeath
  6. scopeuofupractice:u ausetuofuregulationsuanduethicaluconsiderationsuthatudefineutheuscop e,uoruextentuandulimits,uofutheuEMT'sujob
  7. plasma:u theufluiduportionuofutheublood
  8. RBC:u componentsuofutheublood.ucarryuoxygenutouanducarbonudioxideufromucells
  9. WBC:u componentsuofutheublood,uproduceusubstancesuthatuhelputheubodyufightuinfection
  10. platelets:u componentsuofutheublood;umembrane-enclosedufragmentsuofuspecial- uizeducells
  11. pulse:u theurhythmicubeatsucauseduasuwavesuofubloodumoveuthroughuanduexpandutheuarteri es
  12. peripheralupulses:u radial,ubrachial,uposterior,utibial,udorsalisupedisupulses,uwhichuc anubeufeltuatuperipheralupointsuofutheubody
  13. centralupulses:u theucartoiduandufemeralupulses,uwhichucanubeufeltuinutheucenterupartuofuth eubody
  14. bloodupressure:u pressureucausedubyublooduexertinguforceuagainstutheuwallsuofublooduves sels,uusuallyuarterialuBPuisumeasured
  15. systolicuBP:u pressureucreateduinutheuarteriesuwhenutheuleftuventricalucontractsuanduforce sublooduoutuintoucirculation
  16. diastolicuBP:u theupressureuinutheuarteriesuwhenutheuleftuventricleuisurefilling
  1. PNS:u nervesuthatuenteruanduleaveutheuspinalucorduandutravelubetweenutheubrainuanduorgan suwithoutupassinguthroughutheuspinalucords
  2. autonomicuNS:u divisionuofutheuPNSuthatucontrolsuinvoluntaryumotorufunction
  3. digestiveusystem:u systemubyuwhichufoodutravelsuthroughutheubodyuanduisudigestedu orubrokenudownuintouabsorbableuform
  4. stomach:u musuclarusacubetweenutheuesophagusuandutheusmalluintestineuwhereudigestion uofufoodubegins
  5. smalluintestine:u muscularutubeubetweenutheustomachuandutheulargeuintestine,udividedui ntoutheuduodenum,ujejunumuandutheuileum,uwhichureceivesupartiallyudigestedufoodufromutheusto machuanducontinuesudigestion.uNutrientsuareuabsorbedubyutheubodyuthroughuitsuwalls
  6. largeuintestine:u muscularutubeuthaturemovesuwaterufromuwasteuproductsure- uceivedufromutheusmalluintestineuanduremovesuanythingunotuabsorbedubyutheubodyutowardue xcretionufromutheubody
  7. liver:u largestuinternaluorganuofutheubody,uproducesubileutouassistuinubreakdownuofufatsuan duassistsuinutheumetabolismuofuvarioususubstancesuinutheubody
  8. gallbladder:u ausacuonutheuundersideuofutheuliveruthatustoresubileuproducedubyutheuliver
  9. pancreas:u auglandulocatedubehindutheustomachuthatuproducesuinsulinuandujuicesuthatuassi stuinudigestionuofufooduinutheuduodenumuofutheusmalluintestine
  10. spleen:u anuorganulocateduinutheuLUQuofutheuabuthatuactsuasuaubloodufilteringusystemua nduaureservoirsuforureservesuofublood
  11. appendix:u ausmallutubeulocatedunearutheujunctionuofutheusmalluandulargeuin- utestinesuinutheuRLQuofutheuab,uthenufunctionuofuwhichuisunotuwelluknown;ubestuknownuforuit'suinf lammationuwhichuisuappendicitis
  12. skin:u layeruofutissueubetweenutheubodyuandutheuexternaluenvironment
  13. epidermis:u outerulayeruofutheuskin
  14. dermis:u theuinnerulayeruofuskin,urichuinublooduvesselsuandunerves,ufoundubeneathutheuepide rmis
  15. subcutaneousulayers:u layersuofufatuandusoftutissuesufoundubelowutheudermis
  16. endocrineusystem:u systemuofuglandsuthatuproduceuchemicalsucalleduhormonesuthatuhelp utouregulateumanyubodyuactivitiesuandufunctions
  17. insulin:u hormoneuproducedubyutheupancreasuorutakenuasuaumedicationubyumanyudiabetics
  1. epinephrine:u hormoneuproducedubyutheubody,uasuaumeduitudilatedutheurespira- utoryupassagesuanduisuusedutourelieveusevereuallergicureactions
  2. bodyumechanics:u properuuseuofutheubodyutoufacilitateuliftinguandumovinguandupreventin guinjury

2 uadrenergicureceptoruagonist,usmoothumuscleurelaxantuIndication:uRespiratoryudistr essuinuptsudiagnosticuwithuasthmauContraindications:angina,uMI,uarrhythmia,uCHFu(C ongestiveuheartufailure) sideueffects:uheadache,upalpitations,udiziness,uinsomnia,utremors,usweating,uN&V,udryumouth Dose:u 1 udoseufromuMDI,u2.5umguinu3mluw/unebulizeruinhaled supplies:uMDIu(meterudoseuinhaler)-upowderedumeduandupropellant,u2.5mguinu 3 umlusaline

  1. glucose:u Tradeuname:insta- glucoseuAction:uincreasesubloodusugarulevels indications:alteredumentalustatusuANDuhistoryuofudiabetesuContr aindications:uunresponsive,uinabilityutouswallowudose:uoneutube OraluSupplies:u gel
  2. Aspirinu(Acetylsalicyclicuacid):u Action:upainureliever,ufeverureducer,uanti-in- uflammatory,uantiplatelet indication:ucardiacurelateduchestupain Contraindication:uallergy,urecentlyutakenutheumed,urecentuGIubleeduSideueffects :uupsetustomach,uheartburn Dose:u 81 umguuputou 324 umgu(1- 4 utablets)uoral supplied:uchewableupills
  3. Epinephrine:u Tradeuname:uadrenaline Actions:ucausesubronchioleudilationuanducontractionuofublooduvesselsu(Vasoconstrictoruandubronc odialator) Indiction:uanaphylaxis-respiratoryudistress,uhypoperfusion sideueffects:uincreaseduhearturate,uchestupain,udissiness,uheadache,unausea,uvomit- uing,uexcitability dose:u.3mguadults,u.15umguchildrenuintramuscul ar supplied:u.3uinuautouinjectoru(adultuorugreateruthanu 66 ulbs) .15uinuautouinjectoru(childuoru 33 - 66 ulbs)
  4. nitroglycerin:u TradeuName:unitrostat,unitrolingualuAction:urel axesublooduvessels,udecreasesuworkloaduofuheart indication:uchestupainuanduhistoryuofucardiacuproblemsuanduprescribeduNitrouContraindication: ubradycardia,utachycardia,uheaduinjury,usystolicuBPugreateruthanu120,urecentlyutakenumeduforuer ectileudysfunction Sideueffect:uhypotension,uheadache .4umgupilluoru 1 usprayusublingual supplied:utablet,usublingualuspray
  1. QI:u continuousuself-reviewutouidentifyuaspectsuofutheusystemuthaturequireuim- uprovementutouensureuthatutheupublicureceivesutheuhighestuqualityuprehospitalucare
  2. concealment:u hidesubody
  3. cover:u hidesuanduprotectsuyourubody
  4. assault/battery:u unlawfullyutouchinguaupatientuwithoutuconsentucanubeuconsid- ueredubattery;uprovidingucareuwithoutuconsent
  5. anatomy:u studyuofutheustructureuoruformuofulivinguthings
  6. physiology:u studyuofufunction
  7. LeftuLateraluRecumbent:u Recoveryuposition,upatientuendsuupuonutheiruleftuside,uwithutheiru leftuarmufoldeduunderutheiruhead
  8. Fowler'suPosition:u Inuaustretcherusittinguup
  9. TrendelenburguPosition:u Layingudownuwithutheirulegsuelevatedu(Shock)
  10. BreathinguRates:u Adults:u 12 - 19 Children:u 15 - 30 Infants:u 25 - 50
  11. cyanosis:u lipsuturningublue
  12. arteries:u carryublooduawayufromutheuheart
  13. Veins:u carryubloodutowardutheuheart
  14. arterioles:u smallestuarteries
  15. venules:u smallestuveins
  16. **Fromutheubody-->uVenauCava-->SAuNode-->Rightuatrium-->RightuVen-utricle--

AVuNode-->pulmonaryuartery-->lungs-->pulmonaryuvein-->leftuatri-uum-- leftuventricle-->Aorta-->body:u** Blood'supathway

  1. pulse:u 60 - 100 ubpm
  2. 7:u theunumberuofubonesuinutheuCervicaluspine
  3. 12:u Numberuofubonesuinutheuthoracicuspine
  4. 5:u numberuofubonesuinulumbaruspine
  5. 5:u numberuofubonesuinutheusacraluspine
  6. 4:u numberuofubonesuinutheucoccyxuspine
  7. smoothumuscle:u founduinugastrointestinalutract,uurinaryusystem,ublooduvessels;ucontrolsut heuflowuofumaterialsuthroughutheseustructures;ucarrisuoutuautomaticumuscularufunctions;unoucon

sciousucontrol;urespondsutoustimuliusuchuasuheat,ucolduandustretching

  1. 12 - 29 ubreaths/min:u Adultubreathingurate
  2. 15 - 30 ub/m:u childrenubreathingurate
  3. 25 - 50 ub/m:u infantsubreathingurate
  4. inadequateubreathing:u breathingueffort;uincreaseduuseuofuaccessoryumusclesuespeciall yuinuinfantsuanduchildren;ucyanoticuskin,ucool,uclammy;uagonalurespirations