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EDAC FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
The goal of the business case for EBD is to ___________ by determining how healthcare facility investments contribute to improvements in patient care quality and the safety and satisfaction of both patients and staff. A. improve the physical space B. improve workforce efficiency C. strategically plan renovations D. enhance the bottom line - ANSWER-D. enhance the bottom line Which two of the following are MOST IMPORTANT to balance against one another when considering the business case for physical design innovations? A. longer design and construction timeliness B. one-time construction costs C. ongoing operational savings and increase revenue D. patient outcomes - ANSWER-B. one-time construction costs C. ongoing operational savings and increase revenue Which of the following clinical and safety outcomes may be directly influenced by the design of the physical healthcare environment? A. adverse reactions to drugs B. medical errors C. healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) D. falls - ANSWER-B. medical errors C. healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) D. falls EBD is the process of basing decisions about the built environment on __________ to achieve the best possible outcomes. A. credible research B. patient outcomes C. statistical ratios D. designer expertise - ANSWER-A. credible research HIPAA mandates improved efficiency in healthcare delivery by __________. A. setting and enforcing confidentially and security standards for health data B. setting and enforcing guidelines for who can enter a patient ward, based on patient type and risk category C. standardizing how health data are shared electronically (digitally) D. standardizing acceptable rates of patient injuries within the hospital - ANSWER-A. setting and enforcing confidentially and security standards for health data C. standardizing how health data are shared electronically (digitally)
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) aims for healthcare services that are effective, efficient, safe, timely, and equitable. At the core of this approach is the goal that all healthcare services be ___________. A. cost-effective - provision of services based on a cost-outcome model; not providing services to those who likely can't pay B. patient-centered - respectful and responsive to patient preferences and needs, ensuring that patient values guide clinical decisions C. legally-compliant - avoidance of incidents that fall into the "never event" category while under care services D. efficiency-driven - avoidance of waste and environmental harm by reusing equipment like needles, catheters, and gauze - ANSWER-B. patient-centered - respectful and responsive to patient preferences and needs, ensuring that patient values guide clinical decisions The following "never events" are no longer reimbursed by Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) over and above the typical inpatient rate: vascular catheter-associated infection, falls and trauma, and stag iii an div pressure ulcers. Even though these are all very different, they are all considered types of _______________. A. healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) B. inpatient prospective medical events C. design-based accidents D. common procedures - ANSWER-A. healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) What is the primary goal of writing a business case? A. to improve the bottom line B. to encourage the use of the EBD process C. to demonstrate how facility investments can enhance safety. - ANSWER-C. to demonstrate how facility investments can enhance safety. Every project starts with a project _____________. A. scope B. vision C. goals D. proposal - ANSWER-A. scope Why has the construction of a new building been viewed as a sunk cost? A. the purchase of the latest diagnostic technology B. the building doesn't generate any increase in revenue C. there is little association between investment and outcomes - ANSWER-C. there is little association between investment and outcomes Who is ultimately accountable for all of the services and behaviors of a hospital's organization? A. the board chair B. the CEO
The more attractive the environment, the __________ the perceived quality and the ___________ the anxiety, according to preliminary studies from six ambulatory care sites. - ANSWER-higher, higher The culture of an organization can be defined by several components that help to create the culture. What is the name of one of the components? A. physical environment B. bureaucratic C. patient centered - ANSWER-A. physical environment Hospital boards are ultimately accountable for all of the following EXCEPT: A. major capital investment B. organizational activity C. accomplishments D. staff satisfaction - ANSWER-D. staff satisfaction Most hospital are short-stay hospitals, but hospitals in which the length of stay exceeds ___________ are referred to as long-term-care hospitals. A. 2 weeks B. 30 days C. 3 months D. 1 year - ANSWER-B. 30 days In the context of evidence-based design, ____________ is the systematic investigation of tangible facts aimed at gaining knowledge, making discoveries, testing or revising theories, and applying new knowledge. A. research B. information-gathering C. empirical data - ANSWER-A. research The EBD process is differentiated from the typical design process because it _____________. A. involves staff in design decision making B. uses research to develop and evaluate design innovations C. changes the composition of the interdisciplinary design team - ANSWER-B. uses research to develop and evaluate design innovations When specific information about the built environment can be recorded over time and properly measured, what type of relationship between features of the built environment and outcomes can be asserted? A. theoretical B. correlational C. causal - ANSWER-C. causal
EBD research can be used during and after the construction and occupancy phases, like a POE, to __________. A. develop hypotheses about how the design decisions may impact outcomes B. alter parts of the design as new research is found C. evaluate the effectiveness of design solutions - ANSWER-C. evaluate the effectiveness of design solutions At which phase of the project should stakeholders use research to understand which environmental elements are the best design options to improve outcomes? A. predesign/design B. construction C. occupancy - ANSWER-A. predesign/design In the evidence-based design process, which of the following comes FIRST? A. monitor implementation of design and construction B. measure post-occupancy performance results C. collect baseline performance measures D. develop a hypothesis - ANSWER-D. develop a hypothesis In the evidence-based design process, which of the following comes FIRST? A. find sources for relevant evidence B. define evidence-based goals and objectives C. create and innovate evidence-based design concepts D. develop a hypothesis - ANSWER-B. define evidence-based goals and objectives This term has a negative connotation with most interior designers, but according to the US General Services Administration, it means making an organized effort to meet essential functions at the lowest lifecycle cost while maintaining performance, quality, reliability, and safety standards. A. value engineering B. mechanical engineering C. systems engineering - ANSWER-A. value engineering The EBD process can be integrated into ______________ phase of the building design process. A. the pre-design B. the design C. any D. the construction - ANSWER-C. any The phase when a building is outfitted with everything needed to make it ready for patient care services is called the ____________ phase. A. programming B. occupancy C. commissioning D. contract - ANSWER-C. commissioning
C. CEO makes recommendations, government approves - ANSWER-B. CEO makes recommendations, board approves Hospital-based outpatient services are broadly classified into five types. Select those five types, below. A. clinical B. surgical C. emergency D. psychiatric E. women's F. pediatric G. home health - ANSWER-A. clinical B. surgical C. emergency E. women's G. home health When staff are involved in the design of the effective and efficient facilities, based on their own personal day-to-day experiences, this is called ____________. A. total quality management B. universal design C. participative management - ANSWER-C. participative management An institution is considered a teaching hospital if it has a nursing program or training affiliation for other healthcare professionals, such as therapists or dietitians, on site. A. True B. False - ANSWER-B. False A research team measured ambient noise levels in patient rooms. They also observed patient stress levels and the duration of visits by family and friends. The team found that high ambient noise was associated with high patient stress and short family visits. This is an example of which type of study? A. Correlational B. Retrospective C. Experimental D. Ethnographic - ANSWER-A. Correlational Historically, most health care organizations have thought of the physical building as a sunk cost. In evidence-based design, and as part of developing the business case, what is the physical building viewed as? A. a revenue center B. a strategic investment C. a capital expense D. a healing environment - ANSWER-B. a strategic investment In addition to research design, what factor MOST
impacts the choice of data analysis tools? A. Research methodology. B. Amount of funds available. C. Preferences of the researcher. D. Ability to do a pilot study. - ANSWER-A. Research methodology. What is the MOST important activity that the project team does during the construction phase to prepare a project for post-occupancy research? a. Verify that the building and systems comply with the intent of the research plan, design strategies, and business case. b. Verify that the installation and implementation of systems were completed as specified by the manufacturer. c. Develop and use a commissioning plan to evaluate requirements in construction documents. d. Develop a training and operational plan for the staff about the new processes and equipment to support achieving the planned outcomes. - ANSWER-a. Verify that the building and systems comply with the intent of the research plan, design strategies, and business case. The hospital project manager is making recommendations for participants to join the interdisciplinary project team. There is disagreement about whether to include one or more vendors. What is the MOST appropriate recommendation? a. Do not include vendors because it is difficult for them to maintain objectivity in selection of appropriate products to meet project goals. b. Include vendors because they will offer substantial discounts on their products. c. Do not include vendors because they present their own research data and influence the selection of products. d. Include vendors because they provide insight and perspective regarding selection of appropriate products to meet project goals. - ANSWER-d. Include vendors because they provide insight and perspective regarding selection of appropriate products to meet project goals. A project team is interested in reducing patient falls and increasing staff satisfaction in an existing inpatient unit. There are a variety of
When designing a hospital using an evidence-based approach, it is MOST important to remember which of the following? a. To evaluate and collect baseline data. b. To include users in identifying design strategies. c. To consider the impact of confounding variables. d. To make the connection between design and outcomes. - ANSWER-d. To make the connection between design and outcomes. What is the PRIMARY reason to review the budget and estimated return on investment during the design development phase? a. To validate alignment with the project's evidence-based design goals. b. To gather and review baseline financial data to inform post-occupancy evaluations. c. To determine the cost to conduct research after the project is completed. d. To identify first-time costs for new capital equipment. - ANSWER-a. To validate alignment with the project's evidence-based design goals. When developing the preliminary research plan during conceptual design, what is the PRIMARY purpose for creating a hypothesis? a. To determine the appropriate research methodology. b. To identify the baseline data that needs to be collected. c. To evaluate the outcomes for the various design options. d. To establish a link between the design concept and intended results. - ANSWER-d. To establish a link between the design concept and intended results. A researcher on the project team wants to make sure that a new observation tool they developed has a high degree of reliability. How should the researcher ensure the observation tool is reliable? a. Submit the tool to the Institutional Review Board (IRB). b. Test the tool in a variety of settings both within and outside the hospital. c. Ask a team of expert researchers to validate that the tool is measuring what it's supposed to measure.
d. Have several researchers use the tool within a specified time frame and place, with the same subjects and see if similar results are achieved. - ANSWER-d. Have several researchers use the tool within a specified time frame and place, with the same subjects and see if similar results are achieved. A project team wants to make sure that a patient satisfaction tool they developed has a high degree of external validity. What does external validity mean? A. The tool is transferable to a variety of healthcare settings. B. The tool generates results that are significant to p < .05. C. The tool measures what it is supposed to measure. D. The tool generalizes information to theoretical constructs. - ANSWER-A. The tool is transferable to a variety of healthcare settings. What model addresses the integration of the physical environment, people, systems-design, operational planning, and design process and implementation in an evidence-based design process? a. Innovative Care. b. Environment of Care. c. Lean Healthcare. d. Patient-Centered Care. - ANSWER-b. Environment of Care. An architectural firm is interested in conducting their own post-occupancy evaluation (POE) for a recently completed project. To increase the credibility of the findings, what should the firm do FIRST? a. Determine which hypothesis to measure. b. Conduct a pilot study to test the research tools. c. Ensure there is adequate time and funding. d. Hire a third-party researcher to avoid bias. - ANSWER-d. Hire a third-party researcher to avoid bias. In the early phases of the project, when the scope of the project has been reviewed and the team is developing the estimated budget, what should be documented to justify evidence-based design features? a. Strategic goals. b. Research methodology.
had been implemented in the new unit. Which of the following should the team do before drawing conclusions? a. Analyze the data for confounding variables. b. Conduct focus groups with the new staff. c. Conduct surveys with the existing staff. d. Disregard the data and restart data collection. - ANSWER-a. Analyze the data for confounding variables. What MUST the executive team of a community health center do to establish a project vision and goals and gain insight into how design strategies will work in a real-world setting? a. Confirm the project scope with the board of directors. b. Develop the project team structure and budget. c. Select and engage members of an interdisciplinary project team. d. Establish expectations for the project and team members. - ANSWER-c. Select and engage members of an interdisciplinary project team. As the project team begins to develop their design strategies for the emergency room, they want to locate the most relevant research. What is the BEST place for them to locate this information? a. Trade journals b. Indexing service c. Websites d. Databases - ANSWER-d. Databases As the project team begins their work, they should establish guiding principles and design guidelines that will lead to the creation of design concepts. What is BEST source of information for the team to use when developing their guiding principles? a. Relevant literature. b. Experiential knowledge. c. Current healthcare regulations. d. Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report. - ANSWER-a. Relevant literature. What is the MOST important reason to include expert experiential knowledge from an architectural consultant firm? a. They have access to a database of resources. b. They have access to a network of professionals.
c. They provide experimental data on research studies. d. They bring project-based observations and insights. - ANSWER-d. They bring project-based observations and insights. When measuring or evaluating results, various methodologies can be used. Independently they may have limitations. Which of the following describes the use of multiple methods to strengthen the validity and reliability of the research project? a. Triangulation b. Correlation c. Qualitative research d. Applied research - ANSWER-a. Triangulation After construction is completed, the research team is preparing to collect the post-occupancy data. What should the team do PRIOR to collecting the data? a. Create the research hypothesis. b. Validate the research tools. c. Define the performance metrics. d. Review the business case. - ANSWER-b. Validate the research tools. During design development, the project team finalized the proposed design features. The team is now starting to create hypotheses for their research study. What MUST the team include in the hypotheses to properly evaluate their design features? a. Research design and methodology. b. Baseline data. c. Prediction of expected relationships. d. Primary focus of the research. - ANSWER-c. Prediction of expected relationships. During the design process, personnel participated in a visioning session to identify perceived problems and to suggest improvements. Research followed to see if credible evidence could be found to support the suggested improvements. The findings were discussed with the staff. What was the PRIMARY reason for doing this? a. To discuss existing workflow. b. To meet union requirements. c. To encourage support and buy-in. d. To make an informed decision. - ANSWER-d. To make an informed decision. A large medical center developed a corporate strategy committed to safety and sustainability. One goal is
C. Save the documents into one of a set of electronic folders, each with the name of the category of information - ANSWER-B. Develop a searchable, electronic database based on standard library catalog rules, including standard cataloging access points. The key steps of the evidence-based design process should be implemented through the lens of the project vision, the business case, and ___________. A. hospital staff and patients B. hospital administration C. project goals and objectives - ANSWER-C. project goals and objectives Experiential knowledge that is drawn from industry leaders, facility staff, nurses, and physicians is known as ____________ knowledge. A. stakeholder B. user C. expert - ANSWER-C. expert Web sites are considered an acceptable source for finding existing evidence during the EBD process. A. True B. False - ANSWER-A. True A researcher is evaluating the research plan and has found that it is difficult to isolate the cause and effect of some variables because they vary systematically from the independent variable. These variables are not under the control of the experimenter, and need to be labeled as _________ variables. A. contradictory B. extraneous C. confounding D. omitted - ANSWER-C. confounding What is the function of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)? A. ensure the rights and welfare of human research subjects B. approve, monitor, and review research costs to ensure financial responsibility C. ensure that a research method is valid and reliable - ANSWER-A. ensure the rights and welfare of human research subjects Researchers are interested in the relationship between the design of the physical environment and healthcare-related outcomes. Therefore both the environmental variables and the outcome variables will be measured. In what order are the above variables listed? A. confounding, experimental B. dependent, independent C. experimental, confounding D. independent, dependent - ANSWER-D. independent, dependent
Researchers hypothesized that different nature sounds would have varying impacts on pain thresholds. The results of their study found a small difference in outcomes based on the type of sound (running water, bird song, waves). The statistical test on the results indicated a p value of .15. What should the researchers do now? A. Adapt the hypothesis to correlate to these findings B. Accept the null hypothesis - the results occurred by chance C. Reject the null hypothesis - the results are statistically significant - ANSWER-B. Accept the null hypothesis - the results occurred by chance The NULL HYPOTHESIS predicts that there is no relationship between the dependent and independent variables, essentially predicting the opposite of the research hypothesis. A. True B. False - ANSWER-A. True During the data collection phase, researchers do all of the following EXCEPT: A. obtain IRB approval B. collect and record data C. analyze the data - ANSWER-C. analyze the data While establishing an operational structure for the project, it is important to identify and define team members' expectations. At a minimum, which of the following should be included? A. process for collection credible evidence and establishing hypotheses B. length of participation and decision making authority C. final budget approval and creation of policies and procedures - ANSWER-B. length of participation and decision making authority It is important to establish an interdisciplinary project team at the beginning of the EBD process. A. True B. False - ANSWER-A. True What is needed to help manage diverse perspectives in collaborative project planning and design? A. a logical organizational structure and protocols for making decisions B. a single project steering director and top-down decision-making C. communication strategies that encourage bottom-up decision making - ANSWER-A. a logical organizational structure and protocols for making decisions Which 3 elements below must be aligned at the start of a project to make sure that the interdisciplinary project team is working toward the same goal, even if they each have different perspectives? A. budget B. project plan C. stakeholder expertise
A. a shared vision B. a preliminary research plan C. an information repository - ANSWER-C. an information repository During construction, the project team must develop an implementation strategy to outline the ___________. A. Staffing requirements B. Operational logistics C. Materials selection - ANSWER-B. Operational logistics What should be tested against the guiding principles and design guidelines to provide a consistent evaluation method that ensures project goals are met? A. Hypothesis B. Schematic diagram C. Design concept - ANSWER-C. Design concept In planning for the integration of the new concepts and plan, which perspective should be considered for specific departments, concurrently exploring how technology, culture, process, and space can be integrated in a way that streamlines the flow of information, improves service quality, and achieves desired outcomes? A. Comprehensive B. Systems-based C. User-oriented - ANSWER-B. Systems-based Whose role is it to monitor the evidence-based design features to ensure that the original intent has not been compromised? A. Project architect B. Project team C. Researchers - ANSWER-B. Project team The group that approves research studies involving human subjects is called the ________________. A. Institutional Research Board B. Research Review Board C. Institutional Review Board - ANSWER-C. Institutional Review Board During construction, the project team must develop an implementation strategy to outline the ___________. A. Operational logistics B. Materials selection C. Staffing requirements - ANSWER-A. Operational logistics What should be tested against the guiding principles and design guidelines to provide a consistent evaluation method that ensures project goals are met? A. Hypothesis B. Design concept
C. Schematic diagram - ANSWER-B. Design concept Whose role is it to monitor the evidence-based design features to ensure that the original intent has not been compromised? A. Project architect B. Researchers C. Project team - ANSWER-C. Project team When faced with value-engineering recommendations that impact design strategies, the project team should first______________. A. Evaluate if the alternative maintains the integrity of the hypotheses B. Conduct a cost-benefit analysis between the hypotheses and alternatives C. Change the design hypotheses to reflect the alternative design - ANSWER-A. Evaluate if the alternative maintains the integrity of the hypotheses Creating ideal patient experiences--and the behavioral expectations for staff associated with the goal--can be said to represent what kind of change? A. Work processes B. Attitude C. Culture - ANSWER-C. Culture During the commission phase of the EBD project, the project team___________________> A. Verifies that the installation and systems' performance is in line with design B. Develops and uses a commissing plan to evaluate requirements in construction documents C. Verifies that the building complies with the intent of the research plan, design strategies, and business case - ANSWER-C. Verifies that the building complies with the intent of the research plan, design strategies, and business case During construction, to gain approval for post occupancy research and to apply for funding, the project team should monitor construction and finalize the ______________. A. Design documents B. Research plan C. Construction documents - ANSWER-B. Research plan When collecting data and analyzing results, using a professional independent researcher to conduct post-occupancy research ensures that the study is conducted using a credible research methodology, and eliminates any_____________. A. Errors B. Bias C. Misunderstandings - ANSWER-B. Bias When collecting data and analyzing results, it is important to share the results. People learn from both successes and failures. Sharing results can happen in a variety of ways. To increase the creditability of your study, where should it be published?
