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Disordered eating
represents a temporary or mild change in eating behaviorrarely persist; does not require professional intervention TERM 2
Eating disorders
DEFINITION 2 Eating disorders represent illnesses that seriously interfere with ones daily activitiesanorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, & binge-eating disorder TERM 3
Eating Disorders: complex behaviors
DEFINITION 3 core attitudes, coping strategies, & conditions that share emotionally based, inordinate, pathological focus on body shape/weight TERM 4
~ >14 million people in US (maybe 24 mill.) ~
90% are females
DEFINITION 4 true TERM 5
: highest mortality rate of any mental
illness
DEFINITION 5 Eating disorders:
Mostly occurs in teenage
girls??
(some males (10%) & adults) 1-5% of general population 2- 6% of high school & college aged ballet dancers 1 in 5 (20%) TERM 7
May be obsessed with being thin
DEFINITION 7 believe they are fat; though maythinNOT just a problem with food or weight tool to deal with emotional problems TERM 8
Anorexia:
DEFINITION 8 starve themselves, avoid high calorie foods & may over exercise 1-2% general population hungry very often & like this feeling (control) good at something TERM 9
Bulimia:
DEFINITION 9 eat a lot (binge); vomit (purge) or may take laxatives2-6% general population dont usually lose as much weight as those with anorexia May have both conditions simultaneously TERM 10
Characteristics of those with Anorexia
Nervosa
DEFINITION 10 Usually good students & involved Desire for perfection Blame self if not perfectUsually begins with normal attempt for weight loss turns into obsession events in life pre-dispose them May believe they would be happier or successful if thin
A Traumatic Event
1/32/3 have histories of sexual or physical abusemay unconsciously avoid further sexual attention by losing enough weight TERM 17
Other Psychiatric Illnesses
DEFINITION 17 1/3-1/2 of report having struggled with depression or anxiety before their eating disorder began TERM 18
Standard Criteria for Diagnosing Anorexia
DEFINITION 18
- Refusal to maintain a body weight normal for age & height (85% of what is considered normal)2. Intense fear of becoming fat even though underweight3. Distorted self- image that results in diminished selfconfidence; denial of seriousness of emaciation & starvation4. Absence of at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles TERM 19
Bulimia Nervosa
DEFINITION 19 ox hunger insatiable appetite More common than anorexia nervosa 2-6% of general pop. Frequent binges of eating followed by guilt & purging (1000-10,000 cals) eat calorie dense foods in women related to emotional state (reduce stress) Experience loss of control (purging regains control) Recognize behavior as abnormal Not always thin (large range in body size) Abuse alcohol & drugs more TERM 20
Warning Signs of Bulimia Nervosa
DEFINITION 20 Excessive concern about body weight Frequent gains & loses of weight Visits to bathroom following meals Fear of not controlling eating Eating when depressed Severe mood shifts Frequent criticism of weight Personal or family problems Irregular menstrual cycle (dysmenorrhea) **Discoloration of teeth
Special Concerns of Athletes
Athletes face unique set of circumstances that makes them vulnerable to disordered eating behaviors range from 15 to 62% among female athletes psychological factors: low self esteem, poor coping skills, perceived loss of control (injuries), perfectionism 4 Issues Contribute Especially to Athletes TERM 22
4 Issues Contribute Especially to Athletes
DEFINITION 22
- negative aesthetic connotations assoc. with excess body fat aesthetic sports greatest risk: ballet, bodybuilding, swimming, diving, figure skating, cheerleading, gymnastics2. belief that body fat s performance (high pressure to perform)3. competitiveness4. compare themselves to population which tend to be fit TERM 23
Athletes and Disordered Eating
DEFINITION 23 Coaches often compound the problem coaches should focus on nutrition & conditioning, never weight 67% of female collegiate gymnasts reported that their coach said they weighed too much 75% of these athletes used weight loss strategies involving vomiting, laxative or diuretic use TERM 24
Anorexia Athletica
DEFINITION 24 sub-clinical eating behaviors of athletes who fail to meet criteria for eating disorder, but exhibit at least 1 unhealthy method of weight controlIncluding: semi-starvation, purging, excessive exercising used to achieve body weight for success in sportsExercise addict 50% of those with disordered eating, over- exercise How do they feel if miss workout? TERM 25
Prevention: Education is Key
DEFINITION 25 Athletic Trainers Fitness Trainers Coaches/teachers School system Parents AthletesEveryone who works with female athletes and the athletes themselves should be aware of the Female Athlete Triad
Key Concepts of
Course
Optimal performance requires equal effort with nutrition and training this generations eating habits are far from where they need to be There is no quick fix, but it also does not require a lot of effort create simple strategies to modify the diet instead of unrealistic changes We need to eat meals not graze Pre/during/post nutrition is a hot topic and everyone wants to know about it TERM 32
Key Concepts of
Course
DEFINITION 32 You better learn about supplements they are not going away If you cant answer your athletes/clients questions Intense exercise requires more than water Create handouts foods they like/dont like barriers create strategies antioxidant foods TERM 33
Review of Semester &
Final
DEFINITION 33 Covered Chapters: (40-50 questions) Supplements (Chapters 11 &
- Functional Foods (look up topics in index of book for pages) Disordered Eating (Chapter 15)Previous Material Key Concepts (10-20 questions) 1. Characteristics of Health Diet 2. Serving Sizes
- Types, functions, RDAs, # of calories, & how marconutrients are involved in exercise 4. Nutrient timing, sports drinks, hydration key concepts Note: questions could be on ANYTHING the final is cumulative, 1st study covered chapters & know inside out, then go back to review previous material
