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Anthropology Lecture: Culture, Art, Human Variation, and Forensic Study, Study notes of Physical anthropology

NorthWest Arkansas Community CollegePhysical anthropology

A lecture note from anthropology 1013 class held on november 29, 2004. The topic covers the development of stone tool technology, symbolic thought, and forensic anthropology. It discusses the steady increase in complexity of tool assemblages from upper paleolithic cultures, including chatelperronian, aurignacian, gravettian, solutrean, and magdalenian. The document also explores the concept of symbolic representation and its relation to art and language, as well as the anatomical capabilities for speech and its impact on brain structures. Lastly, it introduces the application of physical anthropology in a medico-legal setting and the methods used to develop a biological profile from skeletal remains.

Typology: Study notes

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1Culture and Art, Modern Human Variation, and Forensic
Anthropology
Anth 1013 Lecture
29 November 2004
2Upper Paleolithic Culture
nStone tool technology
qSteady increase in complexity from H. habilis (Olduwan) to H. erectus (Acheulian) to H.
sapiens neanderthalensis (Mousterian) to Upper Paleolithic tool assemblages
nChatelperronian (~ 40 kya)
nAurignacian
nGravettian
nSolutrean
nMagdalenian (~ 14 kya)
3Symbolic Thought: Art and Language
nSymbolic representation
qSymbols have no inherent meaning
nArt
qEarliest art is from Bolombos Cave, South Africa
§~ 74 kya
§Found in abundance in sites from all regions in the
qPostdates appearance of morphological AMH
nLanguage
4Symbolic Thought: Art and Language
nSymbolic representation
qSymbols have no inherent meaning
nArt
qEarliest art is from Bolombos Cave, South Africa
§~ 74 kya
§Found in abundance in sites from all regions in the Upper Paleolithic
qPostdates appearance of morphological AMH
nLanguage
qAnatomical capabilities for speech
§Brain structures (Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas)
§Cranial flexure (resonating chamber)
§Position of the hyoid
5Forensic Anthropology
nApplication of physical anthropology in a medico-legal setting
nDevelop a biological profile from skeletal remains
qAge-at-death
qSex
qStature
qGroup affiliation
nOften used synonymously with “race” or “ethnicity”
qIdentifying pathological conditions and/or trauma
6Estimation of Sex
nH. sapiens are sexually dimorphic
qExpressed in differing degrees in different populations
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Download Anthropology Lecture: Culture, Art, Human Variation, and Forensic Study and more Study notes Physical anthropology in PDF only on Docsity!

1 Culture and Art, Modern Human Variation, and Forensic

Anthropology

Anth 1013 Lecture

29 November 2004

2 Upper Paleolithic Culture

n Stone tool technology

q Steady increase in complexity from H. habilis (Olduwan) to H. erectus (Acheulian) to H.

sapiens neanderthalensis (Mousterian) to Upper Paleolithic tool assemblages

n Chatelperronian (~ 40 kya) n Aurignacian n Gravettian n Solutrean n Magdalenian (~ 14 kya)

3 Symbolic Thought: Art and Language

n Symbolic representation

q Symbols have no inherent meaning

n Art q Earliest art is from Bolombos Cave, South Africa § ~ 74 kya § Found in abundance in sites from all regions in the q Postdates appearance of morphological AMH n Language

4 Symbolic Thought: Art and Language

n Symbolic representation

q Symbols have no inherent meaning n Art q Earliest art is from Bolombos Cave, South Africa § ~ 74 kya § Found in abundance in sites from all regions in the Upper Paleolithic q Postdates appearance of morphological AMH n Language q Anatomical capabilities for speech § Brain structures (Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas) § Cranial flexure (resonating chamber) § Position of the hyoid

5 Forensic Anthropology

n Application of physical anthropology in a medico-legal setting

n Develop a biological profile from skeletal remains

q Age-at-death

q Sex

q Stature

q Group affiliation

n Often used synonymously with “race” or “ethnicity”

q Identifying pathological conditions and/or trauma

6 Estimation of Sex

n H. sapiens are sexually dimorphic

q Expressed in differing degrees in different populations

n Ex: India and SE Asia typically are less dimorphic than aborigi nal Australians

q In general, bones of males are larger with more-rugged muscle attachments than

females

n What is the best skeletal indicator of sex?

7 Estimating Sex: The Pelvis

n Only skeletal structure that is larger in females

q Has significance in terms of natural selection

n Best single estimator of sex

q Sciatic notch q Subpubic concavity q Curvature of sacrum q Presence of parturition pits

8 Estimating Sex: The Skull

n Muscle attachment sites q Temporal lines (B) n Attachment for the temporalis muscle q Mastoid processes n Larger in males q Nuchal area n More pronounced in males n Superior orbital margin (C) q Sharper in females n Shape of mentum/chin (E) n Shape of forehead (F) q Males: sloping; females: vertical n Supraorbital ridges and glabella (H) q More pronounced in males

9 Estimating Age

n Subadults aged with greater accuracy

q Dental development/eruption and skeletal development

n Adults

q Aged by looking at morphological changes in skeleton

n Epiphyseal fusion n Cranial suture closure n Pubic symphysis and auricular surface (os coxae) n Dental wear and degenerative joint disease

10 Group Affiliation

n Modern human variation

q Within and between groups

n Greater variation within defined groups than between them

q Polygenic inheritance

n Produces continuum of variation

q Individuals not easily assigned to well-defined groups

n Needs of law enforcement

q Does biological determination agree with social self-concept?

11 Until the end…

n Next time…

q Class fossil presentations

q Study guide and review for Exam 3 (Monday, 6 December)

q Bioarchaeology slides