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Quiz 2: Multiple Choice Questions on Atomic Structure and Ionization Potentials, Lecture notes of Molecular Chemistry

The University of Saint Mary (USM)Molecular Chemistry

Multiple choice questions from a chemistry quiz, covering topics such as electron configurations, ionic radii, atomic radii, and ionization potentials. Students are required to find all choices before answering and the due time is central time.

What you will learn

  • What is the electron configuration for the oxygen atom?
  • What is the order of increasing atomic radius: chlorine, sulfur, silicon?
  • What is the electron configuration for Mg2+?
  • Rank the following ions in terms of decreasing ionic radii: N3−, O2−, F−, Na+, Mg2+.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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Create assignment, 54705, Quiz 2, Sep 24 at 9:48 am 1
This print-out should have 8 questions.
Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. The due time is Central
time.
Mlib 02 4043
08:12, general, multiple choice, >1 min, fixed.
001
The electron configuration for the oxygen
atom is
1. 1s22s6.
2. 1s8.
3. 1s22s42p2.
4. 1s22s22p33s1.
5. 1s22s22p4.correct
Explanation:
Brodbelt 05 10
08:13, general, multiple choice, >1 min, fixed.
002
What is the electron configuration of Mg2+?
1. 1s22s22p6correct
2. 1s22s22p63s2
3. 1s22s22p63s23p2
4. 1s22s22p63s1
5. 1s22s22p5
Explanation:
Mg2+ has lost two electrons, as indicated
by the charge. It has only 10 electrons.
DAL 006 0006
09:02, general, multiple choice, <1 min, fixed.
003
Rank the following in terms of decreasing
ionic radii.
1. N3−,O2−,F−,Na+,Mg2+ correct
2. Mg2+,Na+,F−,O2−,N3−
3. Na+,Mg2+,N3−,O2−,F−
4. F−,O2−,N3−,Na+,Mg2+
5. Na+,Mg2+,O2−,N3−,F−
Explanation:
We only consider ions that yield a Noble
gas configuration (Na+, Mg2+, O2−, N3−, and
F−). We are comparing ions with the same
number of electrons: 10 total and 8 valence in
this case. The number of protons in the ion
is the biggest determinate of the size when
electron number is constant.
# e−val. inner prot. eff.
charge
N3−10 8 2 7 +5
O2−10 8 2 8 +6
F−10 8 2 9 +7
Na+10 8 2 11 +9
Mg2+ 10 8 2 12 +10
The greater the effective nuclear charge, the
stronger the attraction between the protons
and the electrons, and thus the smaller the
radii.
ChemPrin3e 01 82
09:01, general, multiple choice, >1 min,
wording-variable.
004
What is the order of increasing atomic radius?
1. chlorine, sulfur, silicon correct
2. silicon, sulfur, chlorine
3. chlorine, silicon, sulfur
4. silicon, chlorine, sulfur
5. sulfur, silicon, chlorine
6. sulfur, chlorine, silicon
Explanation:
pf3

Partial preview of the text

Download Quiz 2: Multiple Choice Questions on Atomic Structure and Ionization Potentials and more Lecture notes Molecular Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

This print-out should have 8 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page – find all choices before answering. The due time is Central time.

Mlib 02 4043 08:12, general, multiple choice, > 1 min, fixed. 001 The electron configuration for the oxygen atom is

  1. 1 s^2 2 s^6.
  2. 1 s^8.
  3. 1 s^2 2 s^4 2 p^2.
  4. 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^3 3 s^1.
  5. 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^4. correct

Explanation:

Brodbelt 05 10 08:13, general, multiple choice, > 1 min, fixed. 002 What is the electron configuration of Mg2+?

  1. 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^6 correct
  2. 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^6 3 s^2
  3. 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^6 3 s^2 3 p^2
  4. 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^6 3 s^1
  5. 1 s^2 2 s^2 2 p^5

Explanation: Mg2+^ has lost two electrons, as indicated by the charge. It has only 10 electrons.

DAL 006 0006

09:02, general, multiple choice, < 1 min, fixed. 003 Rank the following in terms of decreasing ionic radii.

  1. N^3 −, O^2 −, F−, Na+, Mg2+^ correct
    1. Mg2+, Na+, F−, O^2 −, N^3 −
    2. Na+, Mg2+, N^3 −, O^2 −, F−
    3. F−, O^2 −, N^3 −, Na+, Mg2+
    4. Na+, Mg2+, O^2 −, N^3 −, F− Explanation: We only consider ions that yield a Noble gas configuration (Na+, Mg2+, O^2 −, N^3 −, and F−). We are comparing ions with the same number of electrons: 10 total and 8 valence in this case. The number of protons in the ion is the biggest determinate of the size when electron number is constant.

e−^ val. inner prot. eff.

charge N^3 −^10 8 2 7 + O^2 −^10 8 2 8 + F−^10 8 2 9 + Na+^10 8 2 11 + Mg2+^10 8 2 12 + The greater the effective nuclear charge, the stronger the attraction between the protons and the electrons, and thus the smaller the radii.

ChemPrin3e 01 82 09:01, general, multiple choice, > 1 min, wording-variable. 004 What is the order of increasing atomic radius?

  1. chlorine, sulfur, silicon correct
  2. silicon, sulfur, chlorine
  3. chlorine, silicon, sulfur
  4. silicon, chlorine, sulfur
  5. sulfur, silicon, chlorine
  6. sulfur, chlorine, silicon Explanation:

chlorine (99 pm) < sulfur (104 pm) < silicon (118 pm)

DAL 06 013

09:01, general, multiple choice, < 1 min, fixed. 005 What are the effective nuclear charges for a strontium atom valence electron and an n = 2 electron, respectively?

  1. +2; +36 correct
  2. +2; +
  3. +36; +
  4. +38; +
  5. +38; +

Explanation: The effective nuclear charge is total protons − total inner shell electrons.

Neutral Sr has 38 protons and 38 electrons (obtain this number from the periodic table). The n = 2 shell has 8 electrons. There are 2 electrons in the n = 1 shell that can shield them, so +38 − 2 = +36. The valence electron is in the n = 5 shell. There are 4 shells between the valence elec- tron and the nucleus that act to shield the nucleus. The total inner shell electrons are 36, so +38 − 36 = +2.

DAL 06 001

08:12, general, multiple choice, < 1 min, fixed. 006 Which of these elements, as a neutral atom, would have an electronic configuration influ- enced by the increased stability of a filled or half-filled subshell?

  1. Zn only
  2. Zn and Cr
  3. Cr and Cu correct
  4. Cr only
    1. Cu only

Explanation: Cr and Cu are exceptions to the rules for filling orbitals. The electron intended to fill the 4s orbital is added to the 3d orbital in- stead. Half-filling the Cr 3d orbital and fully filling the Cu 3d orbital is much more energet- ically stable for the electron than filling the 4 s orbital.

ChemPrin3e T01 52 08:13, general, multiple choice, < 1 min, fixed. 007 All of the following can have the ground-state electron configuration [Xe] 4f 14 5 d^10 except

  1. Pb4+
  2. Hg2+
  3. Bi5+
  4. Tl+^ correct
  5. Au+

Explanation: Write the electron configurations for the ions listed to see which one matches the outer electron configuration given. The Aufbau or- der of electron filling is 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3 d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f , 5d, 6p, etc. s orbitals can hold 2 electrons, p orbitals 6 electrons, and d orbitals 10 electrons. Note some exceptions do occur in the electron con- figuration of atoms (and ions) because of the stability of either a full or half-full outermost d-orbital, so you may need to account for this by ‘shuffling’ an electron from the (n − 1) s orbital. When electrons are removed from or- bitals in a neutral atom to create a positive ion they are taken in this order: outermost (highest value of n) p, outermost s, then out- ermost d.

Msci 06 0323 09:03, general, multiple choice, > 1 min, fixed. 008