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CPRP Parks & Rec Exam Study Guide 1 Questions
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Operations management consists of what 3 components?✅✅✅Planning and Management, Maintenance Management and Facility Operations Purpose of needs assessment✅✅✅To receive feedback from the communities' attitudes, opinions and perceptions of the parks. The recreation agency conducts a resources survey to provide the community with what? ✅✅✅Programming, facilities, park areas, and services Assessing natural resources requires consideration from what 4 areas?✅✅✅Environmental Impact, Access, Developmental Features, Maintenance and Operations Environmental Impact✅✅✅To develop a plan to preserve the natural environment, resulting from an organization's activities, products, or services that should be beneficial to both visitors and the environment Access✅✅✅A way of entering or leaving that requires the least disturbance to the natural resource area. Developmental features✅✅✅Man-made and natural resources that enhances user participation and increases the aesthetic value of the area. Staffing and maintaining a natural resource area requires what 3 elements?✅✅✅Personnel, equipment and money When conducting a needs assessment for facility development name some areas of focus.✅✅✅Demographic, current participation, attitudes and opinions, barriers facing users, future interests and needs, current satisfaction of facilities and services, safety issues, suggestions for improvement What are the 3 types of fixed asset inventories?✅✅✅Real estate, capital items, special assets
real estate✅✅✅Deeds and legal descriptions of the land including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it. Capital items✅✅✅More expensive organizational products with a longer useful life, ranging from office and fitness equipment to automobiles Name some examples of special assets that may be inventoried.✅✅✅Zoo animals, painting in an art gallery, plants in an arboretum Commodities✅✅✅Products or goods that carry little value but are needed in maintaining the programs operation and day to day functions Why is it important to plan ahead for capital improvement programs?✅✅✅To identify future needs, provide long-term financing for special projects and coordinate community growth. True or False: A typical part of a checklist for opening a facility should be to inspect the site or facility for potential hazards to staff and users.✅✅✅True True or False: Assessing infrastructure (utilities, parking, floodplains) should be solely done by the planning commission.✅✅✅False - This should be a cooperative effort in addition to the Parks & Recreation personnel, local school district(s), planning commissions, other city departments, and/ or local business True or False: Site plans are an estimate of a proposed facility and/or park area.✅✅✅False - Site plans are an accurate, clear, scale depiction of the dimensions and angles of a proposed facility or park area. True or False: A site master plan should exist for each area and facility within the park and recreation agency.✅✅✅True True or False: Any facility built or modified after 1992 must be readily accessible for people with disabilities.✅✅✅True
Evaluation✅✅✅Collecting data to demonstrate the value, worth, or strength/weaknesses of something. Used by the organization, not outside organizations to make improvements and guide decisions Research✅✅✅Systematic investigation of a problem in the field or an area where investigation is needed. Based on theory and more generalized. It is designed to add to knowledge base of the profession. A supervisor wants to advertise an event based on the organization's marketing plan. The underlying purpose of a marketing plan for a public organization is to:✅✅✅serve more people. In determining the cost per participant for a program, the required calculation involves dividing:✅✅✅expenses by total # of participants When an individual wishes to donate securities, stocks and bonds to an agency, they are donating _________.✅✅✅Assets What is the best means to properly handle cash at recreation centers?✅✅✅Implement detailed policies and procedures for cash collecting The process by which a national association provides recognition to individuals who have met specific qualifications is called ______________.✅✅✅certification What is the most effective way to reduce the number of severe injuries on a playground?✅✅✅Maintain proper surfaces An individual who is deaf has signed up to participate in a guided nature hike offered by the local park & recreation agency. The individual has requested a sign language interpreter. The parks & rec agency should:✅✅✅Make arrangements for a sign language interpreter Population✅✅✅Everyone who comprises a particular group Sample✅✅✅A portion of the population (Ex: Adults, age 25-55 can be selected from the entire community)
Random sampling✅✅✅Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected for participation. Should be used whenever possible. Systematic✅✅✅When every "nth" person is selected to participate in the study. Purposive (purposeful) sampling✅✅✅Selects certain people because they represent a desired group. Convenience sampling✅✅✅A group of people who are convenient or accessible. Increased error rate, but used when the researcher has access to the needed group. Mail surveys✅✅✅Most common type of survey used. Sampling method is selected (usually random sampling) and participants are mailed a survey. Often used for strategic planning. Group administration surveys✅✅✅Done when there is a clustering of people at an activity. Could be surveyed regarding the activity itself or regarding a research issue. Focus groups✅✅✅Gathering of participants in the same room and ask/answer questions verbally. Responses are recorded by a facilitator, hearing other responses sparks thoughts, used for brainstorming. Telephone surveys/interviews✅✅✅Acquire a list of telephone numbers and call, and ask a series of questions. Cheaper and personal interaction, but hang-ups limit data collection. Internet survey✅✅✅Participants are sent a link to a website and complete survey. Becoming more popular. Results are sent directly to the researcher. Downside - miss those without internet Policy Statements✅✅✅Designed to provide general courses of action that will achieve organizational goals and objectives Rules✅✅✅The specific actions required to implement the policies
- Write policy and develop rationale - draft policy and test if feasible
- Examine the impact of the policy as written and revise as needed
- Examine feasibility of implementing the policy, including costs and acceptability of the policy with staff who will need to enforce it
- Examine acceptability of policy on citizens who will be affected by it
- Research the impact of the new policy on current policies to make certain it adds and does not conflict
- Recommend the policy to the board When presenting the policy to the board:✅✅✅1. Review the need
- Summarize the different policy options available
- Indicate the policy recommended by staff
- Provide rationale for the policy alternative selected Making policies accessible to the public✅✅✅It is important the public knows about policies and procedures. You can provide this to citizens in the following manners:
- Place a copy online
- Post important policies, procedures and rules in facilities
- Place selected policies in brochures
- Have copies available to any customers requesting the manual
- Train employees in the rationale of the policy Why evaluate policies?✅✅✅Policies may be hard to understand, therefore follow. Or policies become outdated and need to be updated. Why revise policies?✅✅✅Most revisions are done for clarification A good policy...✅✅✅1. Must allow discretion so each decision can be made reviewing different facts.
- Should be specific enough to assure consistency and fairness of decisions while allowing sufficient discretion to be applied with the different facts of each situation.
Policy revision steps✅✅✅1. Start with a committee
- Get input from those necessary
- Draft the policy revision
- Review policy revision
- Send the final policy revision on to the board for adoption and implementation Areas to include in an operations manual:✅✅✅1. Security issues - opening and closing, staff/participant safety and security, etc.
- Staff issues - qualifications, certifications, hours, etc.
- Utilization issues - how to use facilities/equipment
- Inspection issues - inspection details, schedule, checklist, etc.
- Hazard issues - elimination of real or potential hazards
- Enforcement issues - processes to enforce safety and prevent dangers
- Special equipment issues - operation and maintenance for special equipment or facilities Revising operations manual✅✅✅Revisions may be clarification of procedures or updating information on equipment or processes, but they should involve everyone who uses the manual and work in the area affected. Steps to revising operations manual:✅✅✅1. Gather input on revisions
- Draft a revised manual
- Get input on the revised draft
- Develop the final product
- Once approved, implement Rules & Regulations✅✅✅Different than policies, more specific and direct employees and participants to act in a prescribed manner, and do not require them to interpret the given facts of a unique set of circumstances. They are rigid and dictate what a person can and cannot do. Procedures✅✅✅Outline chronological sequences of required actions. They prescribe a process for accomplishing or completing a task.
Vision✅✅✅An ideal image of what the organization will look like in the future, it is created with the staff and is a shared vision Mission Statement✅✅✅This answers: who the customers are, what services are provided by the agency, and how services will be provided. (What the agency does) Mission & vision importance✅✅✅Many agencies share their mission statement more than their vision, but both are equally important and go hand in hand. The public and staff must understand both. News (press) releases✅✅✅Written as a mini-story and garner positive publicity for the agency. Dispersed to local media containing information on programs, events, and activities. Printed materials✅✅✅Newsletters - feature the happening within the agency including new programs, parks or major changes in the agency Brochures- Typically program focused Websites✅✅✅In today's society, web presence is a must. Should include program, park, facility info. including dates/times/maps/etc. Jobs and volunteer opportunities should be available on the site as well. Media relations✅✅✅It is best to have a media contact within the agency. This person establishes a relationship with the local media outlets, this way the media knows who to contact for more info. Steps to responding to customer service issues✅✅✅1. Receive the complaint without comment
- Acknowledge receipt of the complaint and inform the individual of the next step
- Forward the complaint the appropriate staff person
- Resolve the complaint as quickly as possible
- Follow up that complaint was resolved Speaker's bureaus✅✅✅Provide speakers upon request to local groups and clubs. This speaker discusses the agency as a whole.
Public meetings✅✅✅Used to inform the public of specific information or changes to the agency or consult the public on issues or to garner reaction to such things as policy change. Involving the public gets input on topics such as building a new community center or determining the needs of the community. Employee relations (relating to communicating to participants)✅✅✅Employees are the internal public. They need to be kept up to date of what is going on in the agency so they can better inform the public. The goal of Public Relations✅✅✅Creating a communication exchange that facilitates a mutual understanding between the agency and the public. Evaluating Public Relations✅✅✅-Focus on the message is delivered and through what channels -What resources were expended (efficiency) in relation to how well the message was received (effectiveness) -Study the image of the agency in the eyes of the community -Determine the role of the agency in media relations. Is it reactive, proactive, or interactive. Reactive role in Media Relations✅✅✅Responds to requests from the media Proactive role in Media Relations✅✅✅The agency provides adequate information to the media Interactive role in Media Relations✅✅✅Occurs through the development of relationships and partnerships with the media that are equally beneficial to the media and the agency Representing the agency to groups and clubs✅✅✅Displays may be large boards depicting samples of services and facilities or demonstrations of programs in an interactive booth. In order to represent the agency, the person must be well versed in ALL aspects of the agency and not simply their own area. Good comprehensive Marketing Plan✅✅✅Assures services are tailored to the identified wants of the customers, priced so they can afford them, promoted directly to the target market, and placed so they are all accessible to the market
- Geography (Location)
- Psycho-graphics (values, attitudes)
- Behaviors (Skill level, product loyalty) Target Market✅✅✅Markets the agency chooses to concentrate for a particular product. This is done because marketing to the entire market is both inefficient and ineffective. Target Market Approaches✅✅✅Undifferentiated Differentiated Concentrated Target Market Approach - Undifferentiated✅✅✅Used when no visible market segments are identified or the agency chooses to do a mass market approach Target Market Approach - Differentiated✅✅✅Distinct market segments are identified and the agency chooses to target one or more with a different marketing mix for each one Target Market Approach - Concentrated✅✅✅Used when the agency selects one or two distinct market segments and focuses their marketing efforts specifically on these markets ( most often used in commercial recreation) Market Positioning✅✅✅How the community perceives the agency and services Marketing Plan✅✅✅A written document that assesses the current state of marketing and its future direction Tracking sales to track marketing effectiveness✅✅✅Program registration should increase with an effective promotional campaign Coding advertisements to track marketing effectiveness✅✅✅Place a fictitious contact name and a real phone number on a flyer or in a newspaper ad, when this person is requested it can be attributed to the effectiveness of the ad.
Using focus groups to track marketing effectiveness✅✅✅A small group is asked questions about marketing efforts 2 types of teaching✅✅✅1. General activities in an informal setting
- Teaching content specialty, typically requires a specialist Planning - Individual ability✅✅✅Refers to the extent at which the individual possesses the aptitude or skills to perform the activity on hand Planning - Activity Analysis✅✅✅Refers to determining the essential elements of an activity that must be taught for individuals to acquire skill in them Planning - Curriculum planning✅✅✅Refers to designing the learning curriculum Instructional methods - motivational✅✅✅The variables that influence the participant's effort, persistence and choices. 3 ways to increase motivation✅✅✅1. Encourage the participant to set goals (Set goals early, challenge, but achievable, and create sub-goals.
- Develop clearly stated target behaviors that the participant is expected to learn, provide positive reinforcement.
- Offer rewards or remind the participant of his or her reason for participation Instructional Methods - Sequence or conditions of practice✅✅✅The sequence of presenting a curriculum will depend on the activity being taught. Instructional Methods - Positioning✅✅✅Most education is not done in a formal setting, usually in circles, semi-circles, lines, etc. The instructor should have their backs to no one. Instructional Methods - Safety✅✅✅The environment should always be inspected prior to the instruction to ensure safety. During initial instruction session, give students an orientation to the safety hazards.
