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Community and Public Health Nursing 3rd Edition DeMarco Walsh Test
Bank - All Chapters Covered
Community/Public Health Nursing ___ is the synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice populations Community/Public Health Nursing has the major goal to preserve the health of the community and surrounding ___ maintence Community/Public Health Nursing focuses on health promotion, prevention, and health ___ risk Community/Public Health Nursing is associated with health and identification of populations at ___ rather than an episodic response to patient demand
- preventing disease
- prolonging life
- promoting health through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen public health is described as the art and science of what 3 things Health Care Reform ___ is defined as the costs of caring for the sick which account for the majority of escalating health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.8% in 2015 health-oriented Community/public health nurses are in a position to assist the U.S. health care system to transition from being disease-oriented to a ___ system
public health the mission of ___ is social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make this possible. Health Expenditures ___ is the total amount spent on healthcare by a country. below despite high hospital and physician expenditures, U.S. health indicators such as life expectancy and infant mortality rate remain considerably ___ the health indicators of many other countries poorer the health status of the population within the US varies markedly across the areas of the country and among groups. For example, the economically disadvantaged and many cultural and ethnic groups have ___ overall health status compared with middle-class caucasians
- health promotion
- preventive the decline in the percentage of nurses employed in hospitals and the subsequent increase in nurses employed community setting suggest a shift in focus from illness and institutional based care to ____ and ____ care Individual, families, and groups the major goal of community/public health nursing is to preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations by focusing on health promotion and health maintenance of ___, ___, and ___ within a community social justic the mission of public health is ___, which entitles all people the basic necessities such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make it possible
- physical environment
- social environment
- individual behavior
- health services
- biology and genetics what are 5 determinants for the health outcomes of Healthy People 2020
- intrest
- characteristics community is seen as a group or collection of individuals interacting in social units and sharing common ___, ___, values, and goals geopolitical community ___ is defined or formed by natural and/or man-made boundaries and include cities, counties, states and nations. phenomenological community ___ is a type of community that is formed because its members have a common interest, experience or a feeling of belonging community of solution ___ is when individuals coming together because of a common problem phenomenological community
- schools, colleges, and universities
- churches, synagogues, and mosques
- social networks these are examples of a ___
community of soultion the Sierra Club whose members lobby for the preservation of natural resource lands is an examples of ___ population ___ is a group of people with common personal or environmental characteristics aggregates ___ are subgroups or subpopulations that have some common characteristics or concerns
- community
- population
- aggregates
- residents of a small town represent a ___
- all elders in a rural region represent a ___
- pregnant teens within a school district represent a ___
- assessment
- policy development
- assurance what are the 3 core public health functions assessment the ___ core public health function is the regular collection, analysis, and information sharing about health conditions, risks, and resources in a community policy development the ___ core public health function is the use of information gathered during assessment to develop local and state health policies and to direct resources toward those policies assurance
policy assurance is looking to see if the ___ can be carried out correctly Policy Development the ___ puts things into action with the core public health functions public health a ___ nurse may identify areas for further investigation and intervention through an understanding of health, disease, and mortality pattern Community Health the term ___ extends the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the community level through both government and private efforts
- community health services
- personal health care services the local-level structures provide direct service to communities through what two avenues community health services ___ is what protect the public from hazards such as polluted water and air, tainted food, and unsafe housing personal health care services ___ is what gives immunization and family planning services, well infant care, and STD treatment
- promotion
- prevention contrasting with "medical care" which focuses on disease management and "cure," public health efforts focus on health ___ and disease ___
health promotion ___ activities enhance resources directed at improving well-being disease prevention ___ activities protect people from disease and the effects of disease primary, secondary, tertiary What are the three levels of prevention? primary prevention ___ is the prevention of problems before they occur primary prevention
- good nutrition
- provision of adequate shelter
- encouraging regular exercise these are examples of ___ secondary prevention ___ refers to early detection and prompt intervention during the period of early disease pathogenesis secondary ___ prevention is implemented after a problem has begun, but before signs and symptoms appear, and targets those populations that have risk factors secondary prevention
- mammography
primary dietary teaching during pregnancy is an example of ___ prevention secondary HIV testing is an example of ___ prevention teritary dietary instructions and monitoring for family with over weight members is an example of ___ prevention primary birthing classes for pregnant teenaged mothers is an example of ___ prevention secondary vision screening of first grade class is an example of ___ prevention tertiary swim therapy for physically disabled elders at a senior center is an example of ___ prevention Thinking upstream the concepts of prevention and population focused care figure prominently in a conceptual orientation to nursing practice is referred to as ___ beginning when thinking upstream you are addressing the problem at the ___ Thinking downstream ___ refers to addressing something that has already occurred
prevention spending additional dollars for cure in the form of health care services does little to improve the health of the population, whereas spending money on ___ does a great deal to improve health public health nursing practice ___ focus on population as a whole and the effect of community health status (resources) on the health of clients, families, populations and communities community health nursing practice ___ focus on health of clients, families, populations and the effect on the health of the community as a whole community based nursing practice ___ focus on clients and families where they live, work, and go to school; care is setting-specific and the emphasis is on acute and chronic care health related quality of life ___ expands the definition of health - beyond simply opposing the negative concepts of disease and death - by integrating mental and physical health concepts population public health nursing is the practice of promoting and protecting the health of ___ public health nursing ___ uses knowledge from nursing, as well as social and public health sciences, to promote and protect the health of populations all people public health nursing is population focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and disability for ___
- Advocate for a clean and safe environment
- Direct care of the ill, infirm, suffering, & disabled
- Referral and advocacy
- Teaching
- Monitoring and evaluation
- Enforcement
- Environmental management these are responsibilities of a ___ nurse population-focused nursing
- Focuses on the entire population
- Is based on assessment of the population's health status
- Considers the broad determinants of health
- Emphasizes all levels of prevention
- Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families these are findings of ___ population-focused nursing ___ is nursing practice that concentrates upon specific groups of people, focusing on health promotion and disease prevention, regardless of geographic location effectiveness public health nurses must also work with the community to identify and implement programs that meet health needs and to evaluate ___ of programs after implementation occupation health nurses ___ are involved in many different types of activities which include maintaining records of workers exposed to physical or chemical risk, monitoring compliance with OSHA standards, teaching classes on health issues, etc the public health intervention wheel
___ is a framework for public health nursing practice that is population-based, contains three levels of practice (individual, community, and system), identifies and defines seventeen public health interventions, and is related to the core public health functions and essential services
- community
- system
- individual/family what are the 3 levels of practice with the PHN intervention wheel 17 the PHN intervention wheel identifies ___ public health interventions grouped into five wedges by color
- surveillance
- disease and other health event investigation
- outreach
- screening
- case finding what are the 5 interventions that are apart of the purple section surveillance ___ describes and monitors health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data for the purpose of planning, implementing and evaluating public health interventions. Disease and other health event investigation ___ systematically gathers and analyzes data regarding threats to the health of populations, ascertains the source of the threat, identifies cases and others at risk, and determines control measures. outreach
what are the 3 interventions of the blue section health teaching ___ communicates facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities. counseling ___ establishes an interpersonal relationship with a community, a system, family or individual intended to increase or enhance their capacity for self-care and coping. consultation ___ seeks information and generates optional solutions to perceived problems or issues through interactive problem solving with a community, system, family or individual. The community, system, family or individual selects and acts on the option best meeting the circumstances
- collaboration
- coalition building
- community organizing what are the 3 interventions of the red section collaboration ___ commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a common goal through enhancing the capacity of one or more of the members to promote and protect health coalition building ___ promotes and develops alliances among organizations or constituencies for a common purpose. It builds linkages, solves problems, and/or enhances local leadership to address health concerns. community organizing
___ helps community groups to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching the goals they collectively have set
- advocacy
- social marketing
- policy development and enforcement what are the 3 interventions of the yellow section Advocacy ___ is to pleads someone's cause or act on someone's behalf, with a focus on developing the community, system, individual or family's capacity to plead their own cause or act on their own behalf social marketing ___ uses commercial marketing principles and technologies for programs designed to influence the knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of the population of interest policy development and enforcement ___ is what places health issues on decision-makers' agendas, acquires a plan of resolution, and determines needed resources, resulting in laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, and policies. Policy enforcement compels others to comply with laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, and policies. subpopulations Populations are not homogeneous; must address the needs of special ___ vulnerable High-risk and ___ subpopulations must be identified early in the care delivery cycle high-cost Nonusers of services often become ___ users; essential to develop outreach strategies
