Cognitive Psychology: Questions and Answers on Conceptual Knowledge and Categorization, Exams of Psychology

Download Cognitive Psychology: Questions and Answers on Conceptual Knowledge and Categorization and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

ADMIN

[COMPANY NAME] [Company address]

Cognitive Psychology/knowledge

questions and answers

Conceptual knowledge - Correct Answers: knowledge that enables us to recognize objects and events and to make inferences about their properti Concept - Correct Answers: the meaning of an object, event, or abstract idea Category - Correct Answers: - contains all possible examples of a particular concept

• Concept of "cat" is the properties that make up our idea of cat
• Category of "cat" is the grouping in which all possible concepts of a 'cat' fit into Categorization - Correct Answers: the process by which things are placed into categories Definitional approach to categorization - Correct Answers: we can decide whether something is a member of a category by determining whether a particular object meets the definition of that category Definitional approach: limitations - Correct Answers: -Not all objects within a category match the standard, concise definition of that category
• Broadening a definition to include more objects also lets in other objects that would not normally fit into the same category
• Strict definitions for categories fall short Family resemblance - Correct Answers: things in a particular category resemble one another in a number of ways -Instead of defining strict criteria, allows for more variation in the category
• Compare a concept to other concepts within the category, as opposed to a rigid definition Prototype approach to categories - Correct Answers: membership in a category is determined by comparing the object to a prototype that represents the category

Better performance for highly than lowly typical colors Not language based Exemplar approach to categorization - Correct Answers: membership in a category is determined by comparing the objects to exemplars within that category Exemplar - Correct Answers: actual member of the category that fits a majority of criteria of the category Hierarchical organization - Correct Answers: categories are grouped at different levels in Hierarchical organization: Larger, more general categories divided up into smaller and more specific categories Three levels of organization: - Correct Answers: Global Basic Specific Global Basic Specific - Correct Answers: vehicle car boat sedan, truck, yatch, rowboat Participants name as many common characteristics for a category at different levels of organization as possible - Correct Answers: Global - 3 characteristics on average Basic - 9 characteristics on average Specific - 10.3 characteristics on average Basic level is most psychologically important because the cost of moving up is steep, but the gain of moving down is small - Correct Answers: true