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Cognitive Psychology: Perception, Memory, and Information Processing - Prof. Barbara Bucur, Study notes of Psychology

An introduction to cognitive psychology, focusing on the mental processes and activities involved in perceiving, remembering, thinking, and understanding. It also covers the concept of memory as the mental process of acquiring and retaining information. Various approaches in cognitive psychology, including reductionism and ecological validity, and the history of cognitive psychology with key figures such as wilhelm wundt and edward titchener. It also covers the assumptions and criticisms of cognitive psychology, measuring information processing, and the strict information processing approach.

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 02/15/2012

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Chapter 1
Cognition: The collection of mental processes and activities used in:
Perceiving
Remembering
Thinking
Understanding
Also the act of using these processes
Memory: The mental process of acquiring and retaining information for later retrieval
The mental storage system that enables these processes
Reductionism Approach: Attempting to understand complex events by breaking them down into
components.
Ecological Validity: generalizability to real-world situations.
History of Cognitive Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt: German physiologist
Edward Titchner: 1st School of Thought--Structuralism
History of Cognitive Psychology –The Effects of Behaviorism
John Watson: Founder of Behaviorism
Observable Behaviors
No Mental Processes
What were some challenges to behaviorism?
Assumptions in cognitive psychology:
Mental Processes Exist
Mental Processes Can be Scientifically Studied
Humans are Active Information Processors
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Chapter 1 Cognition: The collection of mental processes and activities used in:  Perceiving  Remembering  Thinking  Understanding Also the act of using these processes Memory: The mental process of acquiring and retaining information for later retrieval The mental storage system that enables these processes Reductionism Approach: Attempting to understand complex events by breaking them down into components. Ecological Validity: generalizability to real-world situations. History of Cognitive Psychology Wilhelm Wundt: German physiologist Edward Titchner: 1 st^ School of Thought--Structuralism History of Cognitive Psychology –The Effects of Behaviorism John Watson: Founder of Behaviorism  Observable Behaviors  No Mental Processes What were some challenges to behaviorism? Assumptions in cognitive psychology:  Mental Processes Exist  Mental Processes Can be Scientifically Studied  Humans are Active Information Processors

Criticisms of cognitive psychology? Measuring Information Processing 4 types of measures used in cognitive science:

  1. RT
  2. Accuracy
  3. Verbal Reports
  4. Neuropsychological evidence Reaction time or Response Time (RT) The time elapsed between some stimulus and the person’s response to the stimulus. Typically measured in milliseconds. 1000 milliseconds = 1 second. Accuracy Measures An example is how many words a subject correctly recalled and which were omitted. Often measured as proportion or percent correct. Guiding Analogies Channel Capacity: An early analogy for the limited capacity of the human information- processing system. The Computer Analogy: Human information processing may be similar to the sequence of steps and operations in a computer program, similar to the flow of information from input to output when a computer processes information. Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) Encoding: The act of taking information and converting it to a usable mental form. Process Model: A hypothesis about the specific mental processes that take place when a specific task is performed. Lexical Decision Task: A timed task in which people decide whether letter strings are or are not English words.