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CMIS 102 Hands-On Lab
Week 8 - Concerts
Overview This hands-on lab allows you to follow and experiment with the critical steps of developing a program including the program description, analysis, test plan, and implementation with C code. The example provided uses sequential, repetition, selection statements, functions, strings and arrays.
Program Description
Compute the value of the ticket sales for concerts and the total sales for a series of concerts. Then display the concert information in a sorted list.
Technologies used in this project:
strings stored as char arrays 2 dimensional char and int arrays getting data from the user into the various arrays using only part of an array for valid data computing array arithmetic – vector inner products to compute a value sorting using selection sort displaying data in arrays
Interaction
Outline:
- Get the ticket price for each 3 categories. a. float float float
- Get the band name and numbers of fans for each category of each concert. a. String int int int b. NOTE: spaces are not allowed in the band names, so use underscores instead of spaces. c. Period will end the input.
- Internal computations: a. Compute the value of the sales for each concert. b. Compute the total value of the ticket sales. c. Sort the concerts by value of the ticket sales.
- Display the resulting data in a nice format.
Notes:
- This program is not expected to behave nicely if the input does not follow the specifications above.
- All numbers this program will handle should be of moderate size. The exact meaning of moderate is made precise by the data types, print statements, and array sizes.
Analysis
- Since we are going to do sorting, we will need to hold the data in arrays.
- We will use functions to simplify the code, and reflect a modular approach to the design of the project.
- We will use global variables to reduce the amount information transferred in parameter lists.
- We will use a fixed number of categories, but let the number of concerts by determined by the user at run time, up to a maximum value.
- The user will end inputting the group information with a flag value, a period.
- Basic data types a. ticket prices – float b. name of concert/band – char array c. number of concerts and number of fans in each category at each concert – int d. number of concerts – int. e. value of tickets – float
- We will use nested loops to handle most operations: a. reading the ticket prices b. reading the group name and attendance c. computing the value of the ticket sales d. printing the array of data e. sorting the arrays by the value of the ticket sales
- printArray a. print column headers b. for each group i. print the group name ii. for each category
- print the number of fans in that category iii. print the sales for that concert/group
- sortBySales a. COMMENTS: for each row (group + fans + sales) i. for each row index, starting at index 0 ii. the rows that have indices less than the current index are sorted, and are already the smallest sales elements in the entire data set. iii. thus, the next step is to find the smallest sales row in the remaining elements and switch that row with the current index row b. for index = 0 to number of active rows, step index by 1 i. target = findMinSales (index) ii. if target not equal to index, switchRows (target, index)
- findMinSales (index) a. set target as index b. min c. for the rest of the array, starting at index+1, indexing by i i. if sales [i] < min 1. target = i 2. min = sales [target] d. return target
- switchRows (m, n) a. Temporary locations i. char tc ii. int ti iii. float v b. switch group names by stepping through all the letters (i) in each char array: i. tc = group [m][i] ii. group [m][i] = group [n][i] iii. group [n][i] = tc c. switch fan entries, stepping by (i) over the fans array: i. ti = fans [m][i] ii. fans [m][i] = fans [n][i] iii. fans [n][i] = ti d. switch sales: i. v = sales [m] ii. sales [m] = sales [n] iii. sales [n] = v
Test Plan
To verify this program is working properly a variety of test cases should be used.
The following is just one test case, which only tests a very few aspects of the program.
You should be thinking about other data sets to test other aspects of the program, and also create more realistic test sets.
Test Case
Input Actual Output using repl.it – user input in red:
a 1 2 3 b 3 3 1 c 5 3 1 d 3 3 5 e 1 1 2 f 9 4 3 g 4 5 6 .
Enter ticket prices in each of 3 cateogories: 1 2 3 -- Enter group and fans in 3 categories
. to finish entries: a 1 2 3 b 3 3 1 c 5 3 1 d 3 3 5 e 1 1 2 f 9 4 3 g 4 5 6 . Concert s1 s2 s3 Sales a 1 2 3 14. b 3 3 1 12. c 5 3 1 14. d 3 3 5 24. e 1 1 2 9. f 9 4 3 26. g 4 5 6 32.
--- Sorted --- Concert s1 s2 s3 Sales e 1 1 2 9. b 3 3 1 12. c 5 3 1 14. a 1 2 3 14. d 3 3 5 24. f 9 4 3 26. g 4 5 6 32. ... bye ...
Task Description Notes 1 Hello world Get the basic environment working Get main method started Even change the message to Bye 2 #define stuff These tokens will be used in the array declarations, and throughout the code Getting the syntax of these declarations correct can be a challenge 3 Declare the arrays And count
The global variables this program will use. Get this syntax to work, and work with the define declarations 4 getData function Just get the declaration to compile correctly 5 Call getData in main Making sure we have the call syntax correct 6 Other function declarations
As specified in the pseudo-code. Again, we want to check with the compiler that we are using the correct syntax 7 TEST CODE: count = 1 values to one group
Give values for one concert in main: count = 1; // following requires #include <string.h> strcpy (group [0], "one"); fans [0][0] = 3; fans [0][1] = 12; fans [0][2] = 33; sales [0] = 23.23; 8 printArray Call this function from main. Focus on getting this function working Check the output for each step. Lots of steps: header line nested loops: loop over all groups, the group name, loop over the fan counts, sales 9 More test code Create another set of code like step 7 to test printArray more carefully 10 Call getData in main Start with a printf statement saying “got here” in getData 11 Print prompt For ticket prices of 3 categories, remove “got here” message 12 Get ticket prices Use for loop to get prices into sales array Add for loop to print the values in that array – temporary code 13 Get group loop For loop to get group name (index is i) Read group [i] Add test for name is period and break input loop if so TEST the period 14 Get fan numbers Nested for loop over the number of categories (index is j) Read fans [i][j] Increment count since this should be a valid group Temporary: set sales [i] to 44.56 or some other random number
15 Fix main Comment out the test code from steps 7 and 9 Insert the appropriate calls in main: getData (); printArray (); Test the code with real data! 16 computeSales Get this code working, using a loop Add the call to this function to main 17 Sorting Get the call to sorting active Add the print statement to say the following is sorted Print the “sorted” array (not sorted yet) 18 findMinSales Get this code working^ –^ starting at an index, find the index of the smallest sales in the rest of the list Use print statements to make sure this is working 19 switchRows Get this working – switch group name, the fans and the sales values 20 Final check Try a number of different data sets here.
} // end for each fan category v = sales [m]; sales [m] = sales [n]; sales [n] = v; } // end switch
int findMinSales (int m) { float min = sales [m]; int target = m; for (int i = m+1; i < count; i++) if (sales [i] < min) { min = sales [i]; target = i; } // end new max found return target; } // end function findMinSales
void sortBySales () { int target; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { target = findMinSales (i); if (target > i) switchRows (i, target); } // for each concert } // end function sortBySales
void getData () { // for (int i = 0; i < MAXG; i++) sales [i] = 0; printf ("Enter ticket prices in each of %d cateogories: ", MAXC); for (int i = 0; i < MAXC; i++) scanf ("%f", &prices [i]); printf ("-- Enter group and fans in %d categories\n", MAXC); printf (". to finish entries:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < MAXG; i++) { scanf ("%s", &group[i]); if (group [i][0] == '.') break; count++; for (int j = 0; j < MAXC; j++) scanf ("%d", &fans[i][j]); } // end for each group } // end function getData
int main(void) { getData (); computeSales (); printArray (); printf ("\n --- Sorted ---\n"); sortBySales (); printArray (); printf("... bye ...\n"); return 0; }
Learning Exercises for you to complete
- Demonstrate you successfully followed the steps in this lab by preparing screen captures of you running the lab as specified in the Instructions above. a. Add a function to print welcome information, including the your name and an introduction to the project, and, of course, call this function as the first instruction in main.
NOTE: It is convenient to put each test case into its own data file so you don’t have to type a rather large set of input over and over again. Then you can just copy/paste the data into the interaction panel of the IDE you are using.
- Modify the program to add a function to compute and display the total sales for all the concerts. Support your experimentation with screen captures of executing the new code.
- Enhance the program to allow the user to enter 4 categories. Explain the changes you made to the code, and create appropriate test data files. Support your experimentation with screen captures of executing the new code.
- Prepare a new test table with at least 2 more test cases listing input and expected output for the new code you created, supporting 4 categories.
- Create a variety of test cases focusing on the sorting algorithm, such as the final element is the smallest, the entire set is already sorted, etc. Explain the purpose of each test case, and check your code against each of those cases.
- Try using different inputs: a. What changes would you suggest to handle larger, more realistic numbers? b. What happens if any of the numbers, such as the ticket prices, are negative? c. What are your recommendations concerning negative input values?
- What changes should be made to the code if the customer wished to sort on the number of fans in category 1, the first of the three (or four) categories? Make those changes, test your code and confirm that it is working correctly.
