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Walter Sutton
Worked with E.B Wilson Discovered that tiny bars in cells carried the hereditary information First scientist to state that Mendel's genes were on the chromosomes TERM 2
Blending Inheritance
DEFINITION 2 Major Problems Offspring many not "blend" there is variation Natural selection TERM 3
August Weismann
DEFINITION 3 Organisms inherit traits by a molecule in the nucleus Egg + Sperm each contain only half the normal amount of information TERM 4
What must genetics explain?
DEFINITION 4 Why children resemble their parents Variation TERM 5
Transmission Genetics
DEFINITION 5 The study of how variation is passed from one generation to the next
Molecular Genetics
Study of how DNA carries genetic information and how they carry them out TERM 7
Phenotype
DEFINITION 7 Size, Chemistry, behavioral characteristics TERM 8
Genotype
DEFINITION 8 Particular collection of genes of a cell or organism RR TERM 9
Two things that determine
Phenotype
DEFINITION 9 Environment Genotype TERM 10
Functions of a Gene
DEFINITION 10 Specifies a particular protein Regulates the "expression" of other genes
Somatic Cells
Zygote to AdultDivision in Mitosis TERM 17
Mitosis
DEFINITION 17 1 sister chromatid of each of the diploid number of replicated chromosomes goes to a daughter cell Maintains the diploid number of chromosomes from the parent cell to the two daughter cells TERM 18
Meiosis I
DEFINITION 18 1 double stranded chromosome of each homologous pair goes to a 2 degree sex cell Reduces the diploid number of chromosomes in the parent cell to two haploid number of double stranded chromosomes in the two 2 degree sex cells TERM 19
Meiosis
II
DEFINITION 19 1 sister chromatid of each of the haploid number of replicated chromosomes goes to a gamete Maintains the haploid number of chromosomes from the original cell to the two gametes Process which takes the haploid # of double stranded chromosomes and produces two gametes with haploid # of single stranded chromosomes TERM 20
Synapsis
DEFINITION 20 Homologous pairs come togetherProphase I and metaphase ISynaptonemal complex- holds the pairs together
Tetrad
Synapsis homologous chromosomes- 4 chomatids/ 2 chromosomes TERM 22
Crossing
Over
DEFINITION 22 Exchanging of equivalent pieces in the nonsister chromatids of a homologous pairDuring metaphase I and prophase I TERM 23
Chiasma
DEFINITION 23 Region of a tetrad where chromatids break and exchange pieces TERM 24
Interphase I
DEFINITION 24 Phase of meiosis in which replication of DNA occurs TERM 25
Prophase I
DEFINITION 25 Longest phase of meiosis Phase of meiosis in which synapsis of homologous dyads begins First phase of meiosis in which crossing over Phose of meiosis in which tetrads first appear visible
Disjunction
Theseparationof homologous chromosomes in anaphase I TERM 32
Nondisjunction
DEFINITION 32 Separation failsAnaphase I TERM 33
Allele
DEFINITION 33 alternative version of the same gene TERM 34
Mendel's success with pea plants
DEFINITION 34 Distinctivetraits Record keeping skills Were easy to cross pollinate Studied one trait at a time Large number of offspring TERM 35
Mendel's Principle of
Segregation
DEFINITION 35 Each sexually reproducing organism has two genes fro each characteristic, these two genes segregate during the production of gametes
Backcross(test cross)
Crossing a heterozygous with a homozygous recessive it reveals teh genotype of the other parent TERM 37
Mendel's Principle of Independent
Assortment
DEFINITION 37 Each pair of genes is distributed independently from every other pair during the formation of the gametes TERM 38
Sutton account for Mendel's Principle of
Segregation?
DEFINITION 38 Splitting of the homologous pairs TERM 39
Sutton account for Mendel's Principle of
Independent Assortment?
DEFINITION 39 Random alignment TERM 40
Seven Traits are sex-linked recessive in
Humans
DEFINITION 40 Hemophilia Red-Green color blindness Pituitary Dwarfism Hereditary Deafness Muscular dystrophy Testicular Feminization Lesh-Nyhan Syndrome
