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Chapter 21 Oncology Latest Exam 2025-2026 With Correct Verified Answers, Exams of Nursing

Trinity School of NursingNursing

Anaplasia - correct answer>>A change in the structure and orientation of cells characterized by a loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form Benign - correct answer>>Noncancerous and therfore not an immediate threat, even thouhh treatment may be required for health or cosmetic reasons, not life threatening Cancer - correct answer>>A neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled growth of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metatisize to distant body sites Carcinogen - correct answer>>A substance or agent that causes the development or increases the incidence of cancer Carcinoma - correct answer>>A malignant neoplasm Carcinoma in the situ (CIS) - correct answer>>A premalignant neoplasm that has not invaded the basement membrane but shows cytologic characteristics of cancer Chemotherapy - correct answer>>The use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells on a selective basis

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Chapter 21 Oncology Latest Exam 2025-2026
With Correct Verified Answers
Anaplasia - correct answer>>A change in the structure and orientation of cells
characterized by a loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form
Benign - correct answer>>Noncancerous and therfore not an immediate threat, even
thouhh treatment may be required for health or cosmetic reasons, not life threatening
Cancer - correct answer>>A neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled growth of
anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metatisize to distant body
sites
Carcinogen - correct answer>>A substance or agent that causes the development or
increases the incidence of cancer
Carcinoma - correct answer>>A malignant neoplasm
Carcinoma in the situ (CIS) - correct answer>>A premalignant neoplasm that has not
invaded the basement membrane but shows cytologic characteristics of cancer
Chemotherapy - correct answer>>The use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells on
a selective basis
Encapsulated - correct answer>>Enclosed in fibrous or membranous sheaths
Invasive - correct answer>>Characterized by a tendence to spread,infiltrate and intrude
Lumpectomy - correct answer>>Surgical removal of only the tumor and the immediate
adjacent breast tissue, a method of treatrment for breast cancer when detected in the
early stage of the disease
Malignant - correct answer>>Tending to become worse and cause death
Mestastasis - correct answer>>The process by which tumor cells spread to distant parts
of the body
Neoplasm - correct answer>>Any abnormal growth of new tissue, benign or malignant
Radiation - correct answer>>The emission of energy, rays or waves
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Download Chapter 21 Oncology Latest Exam 2025-2026 With Correct Verified Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Chapter 21 Oncology Latest Exam 2025- 2026

With Correct Verified Answers

Anaplasia - correct answer>>A change in the structure and orientation of cells characterized by a loss of specialization and reversion to a more primitive form Benign - correct answer>>Noncancerous and therfore not an immediate threat, even thouhh treatment may be required for health or cosmetic reasons, not life threatening Cancer - correct answer>>A neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled growth of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metatisize to distant body sites Carcinogen - correct answer>>A substance or agent that causes the development or increases the incidence of cancer Carcinoma - correct answer>>A malignant neoplasm Carcinoma in the situ (CIS) - correct answer>>A premalignant neoplasm that has not invaded the basement membrane but shows cytologic characteristics of cancer Chemotherapy - correct answer>>The use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells on a selective basis Encapsulated - correct answer>>Enclosed in fibrous or membranous sheaths Invasive - correct answer>>Characterized by a tendence to spread,infiltrate and intrude Lumpectomy - correct answer>>Surgical removal of only the tumor and the immediate adjacent breast tissue, a method of treatrment for breast cancer when detected in the early stage of the disease Malignant - correct answer>>Tending to become worse and cause death Mestastasis - correct answer>>The process by which tumor cells spread to distant parts of the body Neoplasm - correct answer>>Any abnormal growth of new tissue, benign or malignant Radiation - correct answer>>The emission of energy, rays or waves

Relapse - correct answer>>To exhibit again the symptoms of a disease from whicha patient appears to have recovered Remission - correct answer>>The partial or complete disappearance of the symotoms of a chronic or malignant disease Staging - correct answer>>The determination of distinct phases or periods in the course of a disease Stem Cell - correct answer>>A formative cell whose daughter cells may give rise to other cell types Tumor - correct answer>>A new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation (growth) if cekks, The tumor may be localized or invasive, benign or malignant Benign Versus Malignant Tumors (Benign) - correct answer>>A benign tumor does not invade other tissues or mestatsisto other sites. Characteristics:

  • Usually encapsulated (tumor cells remain with a connecttive tissue capsule)
  • Cells similar in structure to cells from which they originate (well differentiated)
  • Well defined borders
  • Slow growing and limited to one area
  • Possible growth development (but not invasion) to adjacent tissue Benign Versus Malignant tumors (Malignant) - correct answer>>A malignant tumor is a neoplasm that can invade surrounding tissue and can metatasize to distant sites. Characteristics:
  • Not encapsulated not cohesive and irregular shape and in pattern of growth
  • No resemblance to cell or origin
  • No well0defined borders, distinct seperation from surrounding tissue difficult
  • Growth into Adjacent cells rather than displacing or pushing them aside
  • Able to metastasize(spread) to distant sites through the blood or lymph systems
  • Rapid growth through rapid cell division and multiplication Carcinomas - correct answer>>Made up the largest group of neoplasms. They are solid tumors that originate fromepithelial tissue (which covers the external and internal body
  • Avoid use of tobacci and heavy intake of alchol. All cancers caused by cigerettes, cigar and pipe smoking, smokeless tobacco (chewing form) and heavy use of alcohol could be compeltely prevented
  • Avoid excessive exposure to sun rays
  • Participate in health examinations on a regular basis.
  • Know how to perform self examinations for possible cancer of the breast, testicle, and skin. these may result in early detection Basel Cell Carcinoma - correct answer>>The most common malignant tumor of the epithelia tissue. It occurs most often on areas of the skin exposed to the sun Breast Cancer (Carcinoma of the breast) - correct answer>>A malignant tumor fo the breast tissue. The most common type, ductal carcinoma, originates in the mammary glands
  • In Advanced cases, symptoms such as dimpling of the breast, orange (Look) apearance of the breast (Breast skin will have an appearance of an orange peel) and retraction of the breast nipple may occur Bronchogenic Carcinoma (Lung cancer) - correct answer>>A malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi, lung cancer
  • Bronchogenic carcinoma is uaully associated with a history of smoking, it increases in women more than men Persistant cough,, blood streaked sputum, chest pain and voice change Cervical Carcinoma - correct answer>>A malignant tumor orf the cervix
  • Cervical cancer appears to be the most frequent in women from ages 30-50. Factors that increase the risk of development
  • First sexual intercourse before age 20
  • Having many sex partners
  • History of Transmitted Diseases
  • History of smoking
  • Presence of condylomata (genital warts)

Colorectal Cancer - correct answer>>The presence of a malignant neoplasm in the large intestine

  • Beginning at the age of 50 it is recommended to get a colonscopy Endometrial Carcinoma - correct answer>>NMalignant tumor lining the uterus, also known as adenocarcinoma of the uterus Malignant Melanoma - correct answer>>Malignant skin tumor, orginitating from melanocytes to preexisting nevi (moles) or freckles or skin with pigment, darkly pigmented cancerous tumor Oral Luekoplakia - correct answer>>Oral Leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion occuring anywhere in the mouth Ovarian Carcinoma - correct answer>>A malignant tumor of the ovaries, most commonly occuring in women in their 50s Pancreatic Cancer - correct answer>>A life threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas Prostatic Cancer (Carcinoma of the prostate) - correct answer>>Malignant growth within the prostate gland, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra.It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men
  • A need to urinate ferquently
  • Difficulty starting or stopping urine flow
  • Weak or interrupted flow of urine when urinating (patient may complain of dribbling, instead of having a steady stream of urine)
  • Pain or burning when urinating
  • Pain of stiffness in the lower back, hips or thighs
  • Painful ejaculation Squamous cell Carcinoma - correct answer>>A malignancy of the squamous cells of epithelia tissue, which is a much faster gropwing cancer than basel cell carcinoma and has a greater potential for mestasis if not treated Thyroid Cancer (Cancer of the thyroid gland) - correct answer>>Malignant tumor of the thyroid gland that leads to dysfunction of the galdna nd thus inadequate or excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone

Replacement - correct answer>>To replace substances that the body is not producing sufficiently Diagnostic - correct answer>>To diagnose disease Preventative - correct answer>>To preven certain conditions Pharmacodynamics - correct answer>>The study of the mechanism of actions of drugs on living orgasnisms Drugg process - correct answer>>A drug must pass through four basic stages, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion Absorption - correct answer>>The process by which a drug ios absorbed into circulation (Small intestine) Metabolism - correct answer>>The process by which drugs are broken down into useful by products by enzymes in the liver. Adverse effect - correct answer>>A general term for an undesirable and potentially harmful side effect Anaphylaxis - correct answer>>A severe allergic respose to medication, involving respiratory distress Side effect - correct answer>>Am adverse drug effect that can be harmful or life threatening Antagonism - correct answer>>The combined effect of two drugs that is less than the effect of either drug taken alone Prophylaxis - correct answer>>A procedure of medication used to prevent a disease rather than to treat an existing one Half life - correct answer>>The amount of time required for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body Teratogen - correct answer>>A drug that causes birth defects. These drugs affect the x chromosome and therfore should not be given to pregnant women

Record keeping - correct answer>>A doctors office must maintain two types of records, dispensing and invetory. Dispensing records must indicate to whom, when and how much of he drug was administered or dispensed. Sublingual route - correct answer>>The drug is placed under the tongue and left there until it is dissolved Topical route - correct answer>>The drug is rubbed into, patted on, sprayed on, swabbed on, or rinsed on skin Poisons and their respective antidote Carbon Monoxide - correct answer>>Oxygen Poisons and their respective antidotes Cyanide - correct answer>>Amyl nitrite Poisons and their respective antidotes Opiates - correct answer>>Nalosone (Narcan) Parenteral route - correct answer>>The drug is injected into the body with a needle and syringe for rapid absorption and controlled dosage. Parenteral administration is a divided into four main categories (Intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous) Antiobiotic - correct answer>>A chemical substance that destroys or interferes with the development of bacterial microorganisms Bactericidal - correct answer>>Destructive to or killing bacteria Bacteriostatic - correct answer>>Inhibiting the growth of bacteria Antimicrobial - correct answer>>Killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms Penicillin - correct answer>>Causes the higest incidents of drug allergies. Patients must be questioned about the possibility of a penicillin allergy Quinolone - correct answer>>A general class of broad spectrum antibiotics that interrupt the replication of DNA molecules in bacteria Tetracycline - correct answer>>A broad spectrum antibiotic that is effective against both gram-negative and gram positive microorganims