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Download Chapter 11: Politics and the Economy | SOCIOL 101 - Sociology: An Introduction and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity!
Power
The ability to exercise one's will over others, even when they
resist. Organizations, groups, or individual people can hold
TERM 2
Authority
DEFINITION 2
The institutionalized power that's recognized by the people
over whom it is exercised
TERM 3
Politics
DEFINITION 3
the social institution through which power is acquired and
exercised by some people and groups
TERM 4
Government
DEFINITION 4
the formal organization that has the legal and political
authority to regulate the relationships among members of a
society and between the society and those outside its
borders
TERM 5
Traditional authority
DEFINITION 5
the legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted
practices
Monarchy
political system in which power resides in one family and is
passed down from generation to generation (England, Spain)
TERM 7
Authoritarianism
DEFINITION 7
Political system controlled by rulers who deny popular
participation in gov't (dictatorships)
TERM 8
Totalitarianism
DEFINITION 8
political system in which the state regulates all aspects of
people's public and private lives (Nazi, Germany; former
Soviet Union)
TERM 9
Democracy
DEFINITION 9
Political system in which the people hold the ruling power
either directly or through representation
TERM 10
Economy
DEFINITION 10
the social institution that ensures the maintenance of society
through the productions, distribution, and consumption of
goods and services
Oligopoly
several companies overwhelmingly control an entire industry
TERM 17
Monopoly
DEFINITION 17
one company controls an entire industry
TERM 18
Shared monopoly
DEFINITION 18
four or fewer companies supply 50 percent or more of a
market
TERM 19
Conglomerates
DEFINITION 19
several different businesses are owned by one holding
company (AOL Time Warner)
TERM 20
Socialism
DEFINITION 20
economic system characterized by public ownership of the
means of production (gov't owns and divides everything)
Primary labor market
the sector that consists of high-paying jobs with good
benefits and high job security
TERM 22
Secondary labor market
DEFINITION 22
consists of low-paying jobs with few benefits and little job
security
TERM 23
Contingent work
DEFINITION 23
part-time work, temporary work, or subcontracted work that
benefits the employer, but not the emloyee
TERM 24
Downsizing
DEFINITION 24
involves the reduction of the size of company's workforce
TERM 25
Off-shoring
DEFINITION 25
transferring work to foreign contracts
