Download Chapter 1: Introduction | PPE 4003 - Theories of Personality and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
persona
In Ancient Rome, actors wore masks that often reflected their character TERM 2
personality psychology
DEFINITION 2 scientific study of personality using social, developmental, abnormal, experimental, and cognitive psychologies TERM 3
personality
DEFINITION 3 unique dynamic organization of characteristics of a particular person, physical and psychological, which influence behavior and responses to the social and physical environment TERM 4
Allport's
Definition
DEFINITION 4 personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his/hers unique adjustments to his/hers environment TERM 5
Cattell's
Definition
DEFINITION 5 personality is that which permits prediction of what a person will do in a given situation. It is concerned with ALL the behavior of the individual, both overt and under the skin
Eysenck's
Definition
personality is the more or less stable and enduring organization of a person's character, temperament, intellect, and physique, which determines his unique adjustment to his environment TERM 7
Sullivan's
Definition
DEFINITION 7 personality is the relatively enduring pattern of interpersonal situations which characterize human life TERM 8
paradigm
DEFINITION 8 within the same theoretical framework TERM 9
strategies
DEFINITION 9 four major theoretical orientations to personality psychology:-Psychoanalytic-Dispositional-Environmental- Representational TERM 10
psychoanalytic strategy
DEFINITION 10 personality driven by one or two driving forces or underlying forces that motivate all human behavior
theoretical
constructs
basic terms of a theory; invented to describe observations, cannot be touched, heard, or seenexamples: anxiety, self- concept, extraversion, ego TERM 17
relational propositions
DEFINITION 17 describe the relationships among constructs("psychoanalytic theory says frustration will lead to aggression") ("dispositional theory says similar genetic make-up will lead to similar personality")("environmental theory says that behaviors that are rewarded are hard to extinguish") TERM 18
theory of cognitive dissonance
DEFINITION 18 "inconsistency between our actions and thoughts create imbalance, and we must find a reasonable way to justify our own behavior to ourselves to restore balance" Festinger (1957)example: harshly treated fraternity pledges place a higher value on fraternity membership than those treated with more respect TERM 19
empirical
validity
DEFINITION 19 degree to which a theory is supported by observational evidence TERM 20
parsimony
DEFINITION 20 simplicity; theories that involve simpler explanations and less assumptions are better
comprehensiveness
the breadth of the phenomena that a theory encompasses; the more it can account for, the better a theory it isno personality theory has yet been able to encompass the entire field TERM 22
coherence
DEFINITION 22 degree to which the assumptions and propositions fit together into a larger explanation TERM 23
testability
DEFINITION 23 how easily a theory can be supported or refuted through research TERM 24
usefulness
DEFINITION 24 techniques for inducing personality change provide a measure of the practical usefulness of personality theories TERM 25
acceptability
DEFINITION 25 must be known and taken seriously by othersexample: in as early as 3rd century B.C, the theory that the sun was the center of the solar system had been proposed, but it wasnt until the enlightenment that it was taken seriously when Copernicus proposed it; (i.e. timing and social/public mentality is key)
mental illness/abnormal
value judgements that differ from the norm TERM 32
impress and express
DEFINITION 32 how other people view you is important to personality but blurs the line between objective judgement and mere opinion TERM 33
history and life records
DEFINITION 33 advantage of being able to confirm objectively through archives TERM 34
base
rate
DEFINITION 34 exisiting rate of occurrence within a population TERM 35
debriefing
DEFINITION 35 explaining the nature and purpose of the research and any deception involved
rational approach
based on reasoning and logic, SUBJECTIVEDisadvantage: what one considers to be rational is a mere fantasy to another TERM 37
empirical approach
DEFINITION 37 admitting what is fact by direct observationit is objective TERM 38
empirical research
DEFINITION 38 systematic attempt to gather evidence through observations and procedures that can be repeated and confirmed by others TERM 39
scientific approach
DEFINITION 39 using empirical research methods to validate theories types:-experimental-correlational-case study TERM 40
personality change
DEFINITION 40 planned changes in response to personality problems; synonymous with psychotherapy
nomothetic approach
delineating general rules and laws that apply to all people; the ingredient approach TERM 47
description
DEFINITION 47 measuring and communicating about important personality dimensions TERM 48
prediction
DEFINITION 48 anticipating the likelihood of occurrence of various behaviors TERM 49
control
DEFINITION 49 influencing behavior TERM 50
understanding
DEFINITION 50 comprehension of or the the ability to explain a process
