Download BMSC210 POST-MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026. GRADED A+. and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERSBMSC210 POST-MIDTERM EXAM
2025-2026. GRADED A+.
Which statement best reflects the main difference between the genomes ofbacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?Intracellular parasites have the smallest genomes since they have evolved to lack genes that code for the synthesis of essential metabolites. Most automated nucleotide sequencing machines detect bands by _________.Laser induced fluorescence Dna microarray technology is used to measure the _________.Levels of specific rnas expressed by cells Genomics is the study of _________.All of the choices are correct.
When two or more genes from the same genome have nucleotide sequences soalike that they most probably arose from gene duplication those genes are called_______. Paralogs Which of the following is a technology that can be used to identify the dna towhich a protein binds?Chip-seq analysis
Protein spots eluted from a two-dimensional gel analysis can be identified andcorrelated to specific genes that code for them using ______.Mass spectrometry
Orf refers to _________.The region of a gene that codes for a protein or a functional rna product
Which of the following statements is correct in comparing metagenomic (nextgeneration) sequencing to whole-genome (shotgun) sequencing?
Flushing and lysozyme The lungs are protected from microorganisms by ________All of the choices are correct.
All of the following are components of the mammalian host immune system except________.Antigens
Acute phase mediators such as c-reactive protein and antiviral proteins such asinterferon can be described as similar because both ________.Prepare host cells for pathogen invasion
Which is the correct order of events during the inflammatory response?Vasodilation, margination, diapedesis, phagocytosis
Microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) include _______.All of the choices are correct
Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses arecalled ________.Antigens
Complement-mediated lysis is achieved by ________.Formation of the mac, which is particularly effective against gram-negativebacteria
All of the following are the result of b-cell maturation and activation except_________.Macrophages are activated
What antibody predominates during secondary antigen exposures?
There are no exceptions. All of these events occur during t-dependent activation ofb cells.
Innate and adaptive immunity differ from one another in that __________.Innate immunity involves general barriers and mechanisms in effect regardless ofthe nature of the antigen, whereas adaptive immunity is a targeted response to a specific antigen Which of the following prevents some bacteria from adhering to mucosal surfaces?Iga
Cytotoxic t lymphocytes are distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presenceof _________.Cd
The inability of a virus to bind to its target cell as a result of antibody binding tothe virus is referred to as _________.Viral neutralization
Which antibody plays a key role in allergy sensitization and atopic disorders(asthma, dermatitis, rhinitis...)?Ige
Which immunoglobulin antibody plays a role in immune surveillance and cellsignalling?Igd
Which immunoglobulin antibody are the a potent activator of the complementpathway, the first antibodies produced by the body when exposed to germs, withthe ability to neutralize pathogens but not as effectively as igg and iga isotopes? Igm In which of the following areas of the human body do secretions play the greatestrole in preventing microbial colonization?Stomach
Which of the following statements represents the influence the gut microbiota hason immune regulation and homeostasis?All of the choices are correct.
Determine the connection between the gut microbiome and the central nervoussystem.All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following areas of the human body is(are) not normally free ofmicroorganisms?All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following would you expect to find in the tonsilar crypts?Micrococcus
All of the following are true of holobionts except ________.
The microbial inhabitants of the host remain unchanged throughout the host'slifetime
The importance of e. Coli and streptococci in the newborn is that ________. They facilitate removal of available oxygen thereby promoting the growth ofbifidobacteria
Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between diet and thegut microbiome is false?A diet rich in red meat and high fat results in an overproduction of short-chain fatty acids. The microbiota of the human large intestine ________.Varies at the level of the genus, rather than the phyla
An inanimate object that may be contaminated with a pathogen is called a________.Fomite
Which of the following must a pathogen possess in order for it to be successful atcausing infectious disease?All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is not a biological effect associated with endotoxin?Paralysis
In which of the following situations did disease develop due to verticaltransmission of the pathogen?A fetus develops listeriosis after unpasteurized cheese infected with listeria bacteria is consumed by the mother during pregnancy
When a pathogen is transferred from a water source to an animalbefore beingtransferred to a human, the animalis called a(n) ________ agent.Intermediate
All of the following situations are passive modes of penetration for the invasion ofhost tissues by opportunistic pathogens except _______.A bacterium adhering to intravenous tubing, forming a biofilm
The condition in the host that results from a microorganism growing andmultiplying within or on the host is called ________.An infection
The centers for disease control estimate that _______ of all hospital patientsacquire some type of health care-associated infection.Between 5 and 10 percent
Which of the following is a major cause of health care-associated infections in theunited states?
Which of the following terms refers to a sudden increase in the occurrence of adisease above the expected level?Epidemic
Chlorination of water supplies represents an epidemiological technique directed at________.Eliminating sources of infection
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!Considering well-known bioterrorism attacks in the united states, how were therajneeshees able to infect so many people with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium? By contaminating local restaurant salad bars with the agent The intentional or threatened use of viruses, bacteria, fungi, or toxins from livingorganisms to produce death or disease in humans, animals, and plants is known as_________. Bioterrorism
Which of the following is the major focus of epidemiologists?Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and the developmentof methods for disease prevention
Which of the following can be examined with an ordinary bright-field microscope?All of the choices are correct.
All of the following methods are employed to identify pathogens in clinicalspecimens except _________.There are no exceptions here.all of these methods are used to identify pathogens
A colorless substrate acted on by the enzyme portion of the ligand to produce acolored product is known as a/an _________.Chromogen
A patient specimen was gram-stained upon arrival in the clinical laboratory andrevealed both gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli.the specimen wascultured on sheep blood agar and chocolate agar, and after incubation, the culture grew only the gram-negative bacilli. Which of the following is/are a likelyexplanation(s) for the failure of the gram-positive cocci to grow?All of the choices are possible explanations.
All of the following would be appropriate for handling routine patient specimens(urines, sputums, wound swabs) for microscopy and culture except _________.Full-body positive pressure suit with air supply
The immunologic technique involving the transfer of proteins separated byelectrophoresis to nitrocellulose sheets is _________.Immunoblotting
Congenital rubella syndrome usually occurs in the time frame of the _________.First trimester
Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed totreat hiv infection?They slow the progress of the disease
Colds are common because _________. West nile virus has been detected in ______ states of the united.states. 47
Which of the following is the most common outcome of infection with polio virus?Mild infection with fever, headache, sore throat, or asymptomatic
Which of the following drugs is (are) effective against cold sores?Valcyclovir and acyclovir
