Download BME 312 Tissue Mechanics Exam: Muscle Types, Functions, and Contractions and more Exams Biomedical Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!
BME 312 Tissue Mechanics Exam 100% Verified
3 types of muscles - ANSWER skeletal, cardiac, smooth Function of skeletal muscles? Location? - ANSWER -movement of bones/limbs-muscles attached to the skeleton
How do skeletal muscles appear? Are they under voluntary or involuntary control? -ANSWER striated; voluntary
Where are smooth muscles located? How do they appear? Voluntary control? - ANSWER-walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart -appear spindle-shaped and non-striated-involuntary
Where are cardiac muscles located? How do they appear? Voluntary control? -ANSWER -walls of the heart -striated -involuntary 3 types of muscle contractions - ANSWER concentric, eccentric, static concentric contraction - ANSWER length of muscle decreases static contraction - ANSWER muscle length remains constant eccentric contraction - ANSWER length of muscle increases
what does an agonist muscle do? - ANSWER -causes movement through concentriccontraction -shortens muscle length to cause joint movement what does an antagonist muscle do? - ANSWER -causes movement through eccentriccontraction -lengthens muscle length to decelerate motion of joint Explain mechanics/forces of skeletal muscle contractions - ANSWER -duringcontraction, muscle is always in tension -a muscle can only exert a pull, not a push Tendon definition? What are they made of? - ANSWER -attaches muscle to bone-formed from many parallel bundles of collagen fibers
Tendon sheath - ANSWER double layered sacs containing synovial fluid that surroundtendons and are lined with synovial membrane
Function of tendons - ANSWER -minimize friction at joint -facilitate movement of joint Fascia - ANSWER forms of sheets or bands of fibrous connective tissues that covermuscles or organs
Superficial fascia - ANSWER consists of areola connective tissue and adipose tissue Deep fascia - ANSWER holds muscles together
How many fibers are controlled by a single motor neuron for eye movements? -ANSWER 10
Motor unit of muscles controlling the larynx - ANSWER 2-3 fibers per motor neuron Motor unit of Gastrocnemius - ANSWER 1000-2000 fibers per motor neuron tonus - ANSWER state of partial muscle contraction; maintained by activation of a fewmotor units at all times
Source of energy for muscle contraction? - ANSWER ATP 3 sources to replenish ATP for muscle fibers - ANSWER -creatine phosphate-glycogen -cellular respiration How does creatine phosphate form ATP? - ANSWER creatine phosphate + ADP -->creatine + ATP
What is the largest reservoir of ATP? - ANSWER creatine phosphate: 10x more creatinephosphate than ATP
How does glycogen form ATP? - ANSWER Glycogen is degraded via glycogenolysis toproduce glucose-1-phosphate. This enters glycolytic pathway to create 2 ATP per pair of lactic acid molecules Does glycogen produce a lot of ATP? - ANSWER No: makes enough to keep musclefunctioning if not enough oxygen for cellular respiration
Why does cellular respiration cause rapid and deeper breathing? - ANSWER it'srequired to meet the ATP needs of a muscle engaged in prolonged activity
Why does deep breathing continue after exercise is stopped? - ANSWER cellularrespiration required after activity to resynthesize glycogen from lactic acid produced
oxygen debt - ANSWER body is breathing in a lot of oxygen but the lung cannot absorbenough to cope with the level of activity
How does body react to oxygen debt? - ANSWER utilizes anaerobic energy system andlactic acid builds up
Parallel/Fusiform muscle fibers - ANSWER -run parallel to each other -contract over great distance-good endurance -not very strong Examples of Parallel/Fusiform muscle fibers - ANSWER sartorius, rectus abdominus Convergent muscle fibers - ANSWER converge on the insertion to maximize force ofmuscle contraction
Examples of convergent muscle fibers - ANSWER deltoid, pectoralis major Types of pennate muscle fibers - ANSWER unipennate, bipennate, multipennate Quality of pennate muscle fibers - ANSWER strong but tire quickly Circular muscle fibers - ANSWER surround and opening to act as a sphincter
