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BIOL |! 235 |! Unit |! 3 |! Exam |! with |! precise
|! detailed |! answers
origin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔attachment |! of |! a |! muscle's |! tendon |! to |! the |! stationary |! bone insertion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔attachment |! of |! a |! muscle's |! tendon |! to |! the |! moveable |! bone belly |! actions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! fleshy |! portion |! of |! the |! muscle |! between |! the |! tendons reverse |! muscle |! action |! (RMA) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔during |! specific |! movements |! of |! the |! body |! the |! actions |! are |! reversed; |! therefore, |! the |! positions |! of |! the |! origin |! and |! insertion |! of |! a |! specific |! muscle |! are |! switched. lever |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔rigid |! system |! that |! can |! move |! around |! a |! fixed |! point fulcrum |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! fixed |! point |! around |! which |! a |! lever |! pivots effort |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔causes |! movement
load |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔aka |! resistance, |! opposes |! movement mechanical |! advantage |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔if |! a |! load |! is |! closer |! to |! the |! fulcrum |! and |! the |! effort |! further |! from |! the |! fulcrum, |! only |! a |! relatively |! small |! effort |! is |! required |! to |! move |! larger |! load |! over |! small |! distance mechanical |! disadvantage |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔if |! the |! load |! is |! farther |! from |! the |! fulcrum |! and |! the |! effort |! is |! applied |! closer |! to |! the |! fulcrum, |! then |! a |! relatively |! large |! effort |! is |! required |! to |! move |! a |! small |! load |! (but |! at |! greater |! speed) first-class |! lever |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔EFL |! - |! fulcrum |! in |! the |! middle. |! Slow |! and |! limited |! with |! heavy |! load, |! lighter |! load |! moved |! far |! and |! fast. |! Not |! many |! in |! the |! body second-class |! levers |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ELF |! - |! load |! is |! in |! the |! middle. |! Less |! speed |! and |! range |! of |! motion |! but |! strong |! force. |! Uncommon |! in |! the |! body third-class |! levers |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔FEL |! - |! effort |! in |! the |! middle. |! Has |! mechanical |! disadvantage |! but |! most |! common |! in |! body. fascicles |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔bundles |! of |! skeletal |! muscle |! fibres. |! Five |! patterns: |! parallel, |! fusiform |! (spindle-shaped, |! narrow |! towards |! the |! ends |! and |! wide |! in |! the |! middle), |! circular, |! triangular, |! pennate |! (shaped |! like |! feather) prime |! mover |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔aka |! agonist. |! contracts |! to |! cause |! action
compartment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔A |! group |! of |! skeletal |! muscles, |! their |! associated |! blood |! vessels, |! and |! associated |! nerves, |! all |! of |! which |! have |! a |! common |! function occipitofrontalis |! frontal |! belly |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔draws |! scalp |! anteriorly, |! raises |! eyebrows, |! wrinkles |! skin |! of |! forehead occipitofrontalis |! occipial |! belly |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔draws |! scalp |! posteriorly orbicularis |! oris |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔closes |! and |! protrudes |! lips, |! as |! in |! kissing, |! compresses |! lips |! against |! teeth, |! shapes |! lips |! during |! speech zygomaticus |! major |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔draws |! angle |! of |! mouth |! superiorly |! and |! laterally, |! as |! in |! smiling buccinator |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Presses |! cheeks |! against |! teeth |! and |! lips |! as |! in |! whistling, |! blowing, |! and |! sucking, |! draws |! corner |! of |! mouth |! laterally, |! asists |! in |! chewing |! by |! keeping |! food |! between |! teeth orbicularis |! oculi |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔closes |! eye masseter |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! maxilla |! and |! zygomatic |! arch. |! i: |! angle |! and |! ramus |! of |! the |! mandible. |! elevates |! mandible, |! closing |! mouth
temporalis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! temporal |! bone. |! i: |! coronoid |! process |! and |! ramus |! of |! mandible. |! elevates |! and |! retracts |! mandible Sternocleidomastoid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! sternal |! head, |! manubrium |! of |! sternum; |! clavicular |! head: |! medial |! third |! of |! clavicle. |! i: |! Mastoid |! process |! of |! temporal |! bone |! and |! lateral |! half |! of |! superior |! nuchal |! line |! of |! occipital |! bone. |! Acting |! together |! (bilaterally), |! flex |! cervical |! portion |! of |! vertebral |! column, |! extend |! head |! at |! atlanto-occipital |! joints; |! acting |! singly |! (unilaterally), |! laterally |! flex |! neck |! and |! head |! to |! same |! side |! and |! rotate |! head |! to |! side |! opposite |! contracting |! muscle. |! Laterally |! rotate |! and |! flex |! head |! to |! opposite |! side |! of |! contracting |! muscle. |! Posterior |! fibers |! of |! muscle |! can |! assist |! in |! extension |! of |! head. |! RMA: |! Elevate |! sternum |! during |! forced |! inhalation rectus |! abdominis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! pubic |! crest |! and |! pubic |! symphysis. |! i: |! cartilage |! of |! ribs |! 5-7 |! and |! xiphoid |! process. |! Flexes |! vertebral |! column, |! especially |! lumbar |! portion, |! and |! compresses |! abdomen |! to |! aid |! in |! defecation, |! urination, |! forced |! exhalation, |! and |! childbirth. |! RMA: |! Flexes |! pelvis |! on |! the |! vertebral |! column. external |! oblique |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acting |! together |! (bilaterally), |! compress |! abdomen |! and |! flex |! vertebral |! column; |! acting |! singly |! (unilaterally), |! laterally |! flex |! vertebral |! column, |! especially |! lumbar |! portion, |! and |! rotate |! vertebral |! column internal |! oblique |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acting |! together, |! compress |! abdomen |! and |! flex |! vertebral |! column; |! acting |! singly, |! laterally |! flex |! vertebral |! column, |! especially |! lumbar |! portion, |! and |! rotate |! vertebral |! column
RMA: |! Elevates |! ribs |! when |! scapula |! is |! stabilized. |! Known |! as |! "boxer's |! muscle" |! because |! it |! is |! important |! in |! horizontal |! arm |! movements |! such |! as |! punching |! and |! pushing. trapezius |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! superior |! nuchal |! line |! of |! occipital |! bone, |! ligamentum |! nuchae, |! and |! spines |! of |! c7-t12. |! i: |! clavicle |! and |! acromion |! and |! spine |! of |! scapula. |! Superior |! fibers |! upward |! rotate |! scapula; |! middle |! fibers |! adduct |! scapula; |! inferior |! fibers |! depress |! and |! upward |! rotate |! scapula; |! superior |! and |! inferior |! fibers |! together |! rotate |! scapula |! upward; |! stabilizes |! scapula. |! RMA: |! Superior |! fibers |! can |! help |! extend |! head. levator |! scapulae |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! transverse |! processes |! of |! c1-c4. |! i: |! superior |! vertebral |! border |! of |! scapula. |! Elevates |! scapula |! and |! rotates |! it |! downward. rhomboid |! major |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Elevates |! and |! adducts |! scapula |! and |! rotates |! it |! downward; |! stabilizes |! scapula. pectoralis |! major |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! clavicle, |! sternum, |! and |! costal |! cartilates |! of |! ribs |! 2-6 |! or |! 1-7. |! i: |! greater |! tubercle |! and |! lateral |! lip |! of |! intertubercular |! sulcus |! of |! humerus. |! As |! a |! whole, |! adducts |! and |! medially |! rotates |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint; |! clavicular |! head |! flexes |! arm, |! and |! sternocostal |! head |! extends |! flexed |! arm |! to |! side |! of |! trunk. latissimus |! dorsi |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Extends, |! adducts, |! and |! medially |! rotates |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint; |! draws |! arm |! inferiorly |! and |! posteriorly. |! RMA: |! Elevates |! vertebral |! column |! and |! torso.
deltoid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! Acromial |! extremity |! of |! clavicle |! (anterior |! fibers), |! acromion |! of |! scapula |! (lateral |! fibers), |! and |! spine |! of |! scapula |! (posterior |! fibers). |! i: |! deltoid |! tuberosity |! of |! humerus. |! Lateral |! fibers |! abduct |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint; |! anterior |! fibers |! flex |! and |! medially |! rotate |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint; |! posterior |! fibers |! extend |! and |! laterally |! rotate |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint. subscapularis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔medially |! rotates |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint supraspinatus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! supraspinous |! fossa |! of |! scapula. |! i: |! greater |! tubercle |! of |! humerus. |! Assists |! deltoid |! muscle |! in |! abducting |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint. infraspinatus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Laterally |! rotates |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint. teres |! major |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Extends |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint |! and |! assists |! in |! adduction |! and |! medial |! rotation |! of |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint teres |! minor |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Laterally |! rotates |! and |! extends |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint. biceps |! brachii |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! long |! head |! originates |! from |! tubercle |! above |! glenoid |! cavity |! of |! scapula. |! short |! head |! originates |! from |! coracoid |! process |! of |! scapula. |! i: |! radial |! tuberosity |! of |! radius |! and |! bicipital |! aponeurosis. |! Flexes |! forearm |! at |! elbow |! joint, |! supinates |! forearm |! at |! radioulnar |! joints, |! and |! flexes |! arm |! at |! shoulder |! joint.
flexor |! carpi |! ulnaris |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! medial |! epicondyle |! of |! humerus |! and |! superior |! posterior |! border |! of |! ulna. |! i: |! pisiform, |! hamate, |! and |! base |! of |! metacarpal |! V. |! flexes |! and |! adducts |! hand |! at |! wrist |! joint flexor |! digitorum |! superficialis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! medial |! epicondyle |! of |! humerus, |! coronoid |! process |! of |! ulna, |! and |! ridge |! along |! lateral |! margin |! or |! anterior |! surface |! (anterior |! oblique |! line) |! of |! radius. |! i: |! middle |! phalanx |! of |! each |! finger. |! Flexes |! middle |! phalanx |! of |! each |! finger |! at |! proximal |! interphalangeal |! joint, |! proximal |! phalanx |! of |! each |! finger |! at |! metacarpophalangeal |! joint, |! and |! hand |! at |! wrist |! joint. extensor |! carpi |! radialis |! longus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔extends |! and |! abducts |! hand |! at |! wrist |! joint extensor |! digitorum |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! lateral |! epicondyle |! of |! humerus. |! i: |! distal |! and |! middle |! phalanges |! of |! each |! finger. |! extends |! distal |! and |! middle |! phalanges |! of |! each |! finger |! at |! interphalangeal |! joints, |! proximal |! phalanx |! of |! each |! finger |! at |! metacarpophalangeal |! joint, |! and |! hand |! at |! wrist |! joint. extensor |! carpi |! ulnaris |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! lateral |! epicondyle |! of |! humerus |! and |! posterior |! border |! of |! ulna. |! i: |! metacarpal |! v. |! extends |! and |! adducts |! hand |! at |! wrist |! joint. erector |! spinae: |! iliocostalis |! group: |! iliocostalis |! cervicis, |! iliocostalis |! thoracis, |! iliocostalis |! lumborum |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acting |! together, |! muscles |! of |! each |! region |! (cervical, |! thoracic, |! and |! lumbar) |! extend |! and |! maintain |! erect |! posture |! of |! vertebral |! column |! of |! their |! respective |! regions; |! acting |! singly, |! laterally |! flex |!
vertebral |! column |! of |! their |! respective |! regions |! to |! same |! side |! as |! contracting |! muscle anterior |! scalene |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acting |! together, |! right |! and |! left |! anterior |! scalene |! and |! middle |! scalene |! muscles |! elevate |! first |! ribs |! during |! deep |! inhalation. middle |! scalene |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔RMA: |! Flex |! cervical |! vertebrae; |! acting |! singly, |! laterally |! flex |! and |! slightly |! rotate |! cervical |! vertebrae posterior |! scalene |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acting |! together, |! right |! and |! left |! posterior |! scalene |! elevate |! second |! ribs |! during |! deep |! inhalation. Cervical |! spinal |! nerves. RMA: |! Flex |! cervical |! vertebrae; |! acting |! singly, |! laterally |! flex |! and |! slightly |! rotate |! cervical |! vertebrae. iliopsoas, |! psoas |! major |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! transverse |! processes |! and |! bodies |! of |! lumbar |! vertebrae. |! i: |! with |! iliacus |! into |! lesser |! trochanter |! of |! femur. |! psoas |! majr |! and |! iliacus |! muscles |! acting |! together |! flex |! thigh |! at |! hip |! joint, |! rotate |! thigh |! laterally, |! and |! flex |! trunk |! on |! hip |! as |! in |! sitting |! up |! from |! supine |! position. gluteus |! maximus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! iliac |! crest, |! sacrum, |! coccyx |! and |! aponeurosis |! of |! sacrospinalis. |! i: |! iliotibial |! tract |! of |! fascia |! lata |! and |! superior |! lateral |! part |! of |! linea |! aspera |! under |! greater |! trochanter |! of |! femus. |! extends |! thigh |! at |! hip |! joint |! and |! laterally |! rotates |! thigh; |! helps |! lock |! knee |! in |! extension. |! RMA: |! extends |! torso
semimembranosus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔flexes |! leg |! at |! knee |! joint |! and |! extends |! thigh |! at |! hip |! joint tibialis |! anterior |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! Lateral |! condyle |! and |! body |! of |! tibia |! and |! interosseous |! membrane |! (sheet |! of |! fibrous |! tissue |! that |! holds |! shafts |! of |! tibia |! and |! fibula |! together). |! i: |! Metatarsal |! I |! and |! first |! (medial) |! cuneiform. |! Dorsiflexes |! foot |! at |! ankle |! joint |! and |! inverts |! (supinates) |! foot |! at |! intertarsal |! joints. extensor |! digitorum |! longus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! Lateral |! condyle |! of |! tibia, |! anterior |! surface |! of |! fibula, |! and |! interosseous |! membrane. |! i: |! Middle |! and |! distal |! phalanges |! of |! toes |! II-V. |! Dorsiflexes |! foot |! at |! ankle |! joint |! and |! extends |! distal |! and |! middle |! phalanges |! of |! each |! toe |! at |! interphalangeal |! joints |! and |! proximal |! phalanx |! of |! each |! toe |! at |! metatarsophalangeal |! joint. fibularis |! longus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Plantar |! flexes |! foot |! at |! ankle |! joint |! and |! everts |! (pronates) |! foot |! at |! intertarsal |! joints. gastrocnemius |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! lateral |! and |! medial |! condyles |! of |! femur |! and |! capsule |! of |! knee. |! i: |! calcaneus |! by |! way |! of |! calcaneal |! tendon. |! plantar |! flexes |! foot |! at |! ankle |! joint |! and |! flexes |! leg |! at |! knee |! joint. soleus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔plantar |! flexes |! foot |! at |! ankle |! joint flexor |! digitorum |! longus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔o: |! middle |! third |! of |! posterior |! surface |! of |! tibia. |! i: |! distal |! phalanges |! of |! toes |! ii-v. |! plantar |! flexes |! foot |! at |! ankle |!
joint; |! flexes |! distal |! and |! middle |! phalanges |! of |! toes |! ii-v |! at |! interphalangeal |! joints |! and |! proximal |! phalanx |! of |! toes |! ii-v |! at |! metatarsophalangeal |! joint. enteric |! nervous |! system |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔branch |! of |! autonomic |! nervous |! system |! confined |! to |! the |! wall |! of |! GI |! tract integrative |! function |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔function |! of |! nervous |! system |! processing |! sensory |! information |! by |! analyzing |! it |! and |! making |! decisions |! for |! appropriate |! responses Nissl |! bodies |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔free |! ribosomes |! and |! prominent |! clusters |! of |! rough |! ER |! in |! neuron |! cells lipofuscin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔pigment |! that |! occurs |! as |! clumps |! of |! yellowish |! brown |! granules |! in |! the |! cytoplasm |! of |! aging |! neurons ganglion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔collection |! of |! neuron |! cell |! bodies |! outside |! the |! CNS initial |! segment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔part |! of |! the |! axon |! closest |! to |! the |! axon |! hillock |! (where |! it |! connects |! with |! cell |! body) trigger |! zone |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔junction |! of |! the |! axon |! hillock |! and |! initial |! segment |! where |! nerve |! impulses |! arise, |! from |! which |! they |! travel |! along |! the |! axon |! to |! their |! destination
move |! materials |! along |! the |! surfaces |! of |! Microtubules |! of |! the |! neuron's |! cytoskeleton. anterograde |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔forward |! direction |! moves |! organelles |! and |! synaptic |! vesicles |! from |! the |! cell |! body |! to |! the |! axon |! terminals multipolar |! neurons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔several |! dendrites |! and |! one |! axon bipolar |! neurons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔one |! main |! dendrite |! and |! one |! axon unipolar |! neurons |! aka |! pseudounipolar |! neurons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔dendrites |! and |! one |! axon |! that |! are |! fused |! together |! to |! form |! a |! continuous |! process |! that |! emerges |! from |! the |! cell |! body purkinje |! cells |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔found |! in |! the |! cerebellum pyramidal |! cells |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔found |! in |! the |! cerebral |! cortex |! with |! pyramid |! shaped |! bodies interneurons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔mainly |! located |! within |! CNS |! between |! sensory |! and |! motor |! neurons. |! integrate |! incoming |! sensory |! information |! then |! elicit |! motor |! response astrocytes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔star-shaped |! cells |! with |! many |! processes, |! largest |! and |! most |! numerous |! neuroglia. |! make |! contact |! with |! blood |! capillaries, |! neurons, |! and |! the |! pia |! mater. |! they |! support |! neurons, |! wrap |! and |! protect |! CNS, |!
secrete |! chemicals |! that |! regulate |! growth/migration/interconnection |! among |! neurons |! in |! embryo, |! maintain |! appropriate |! chemical |! environment |! for |! nerve |! impulses, |! play |! a |! role |! in |! learning |! and |! memory oligodendrocytes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔neuroglia |! that |! are |! smaller |! and |! have |! fewer |! processes |! than |! astrocytes. |! form |! and |! maintain |! myelin |! sheath |! around |! cns |! axons microglial |! cells |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔neuroglia |! with |! slender |! processes |! and |! numerous |! projections, |! remove |! cellular |! debris |! formed |! during |! normal |! development |! of |! the |! nervous |! system |! and |! eat |! microbes |! and |! damaged |! nervous |! tissue ependymal |! cells |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cuboidal |! or |! columnar |! neuroglia |! cells |! arranged |! in |! a |! single |! layer |! that |! possess |! microvili |! and |! cilia. |! line |! ventricles |! of |! the |! brain |! and |! central |! canal |! of |! the |! spinal |! cord schwann |! cells |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔neuroglia |! cells |! encircle |! pns |! axons, |! form |! myelin |! sheath |! around |! axons satellite |! cells |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔neuroglia |! in |! the |! pns |! that |! surround |! cell |! bodies |! of |! neurons |! of |! PNS |! ganglia. |! provide |! structural |! support, |! regulate |! exchanges |! of |! materials |! between |! neuronal |! cell |! bodies |! and |! interstitial |! fluid nodes |! of |! ranvier |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔gaps |! in |! myelin |! sheath nerve |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔bundle |! of |! axons |! in |! PNS
c |! fibres |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔smallest |! axon |! (0.5-1.5mm), |! unmyelinated, |! slowest |! (0.5-2m/sec), |! longest |! absolute |! refractory |! periods, |! associated |! with |! pain, |! touch, |! pressure, |! heat, |! and |! cold |! from |! skin, |! pain |! impulses |! from |! viscera, |! stimulate |! the |! heart, |! smooth |! muscle, |! glands axodendritic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔most |! synapses |! between |! neurons |! are |! axon |! to |! dendrite axosomatic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔axon |! to |! nerve |! body, |! only |! some |! synapses acetylcholinesterase |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔enzyme |! that |! inactivates |! ACh |! by |! splitting |! it |! into |! acetate |! and |! choline |! fragments glutamate |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔amino |! acid |! neurotransmitter |! that |! excites |! neurons |! in |! the |! CNS aspartate |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔amino |! acid |! neurotransmitter |! that |! excites |! neurons gamma-aminobutyric |! acid |! (GABA) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔amino |! acid |! neurotransmitter |! in |! CNS |! that |! opens |! calcium |! channels glycine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔amino |! acid |! neurotransmitter, |! about |! half |! the |! inhibitory |! synapses |! in |! spinal |! cord |! use
norepinephrine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔biogenic |! amine |! involved |! in |! arousal, |! dreaming, |! regulating |! mood nitric |! oxide |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔excitatory |! neurotransmitter |! in |! the |! brain, |! spinal |! cord, |! adrenals, |! nerves |! to |! the |! ween enkephalins |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔analgesic |! neuropeptides |! 200x |! stronger |! than |! morphine endorphins |! and |! dynorphins |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔opioid |! peptides meninges |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔three |! protective |! membranes |! that |! surround |! the |! brain |! and |! spinal |! cord dura |! mater |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔most |! superficial |! meninx, |! strong |! thick |! layer |! of |! dense |! irregular |! connective |! tissue arachnoid |! mater |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔middle |! meninx, |! thin |! avascular |! covering |! of |! cells |! and |! thin |! loosely |! arranged |! collagen |! and |! elastic |! fibres pia |! mater |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔innermost |! meninx, |! thin |! transparent |! connective |! tissue |! layer |! that |! adheres |! to |! surface |! of |! spinal |! cord |! and |! brain, |! consists |! of |! thin |! squamous |! to |! cuboidal |! cells |! within |! interlacing |! bundles |! of |! collagen |! fibres |! and |! some |! fine |! elastic |! fibres. |! lots |! of |! blood |! vessels
