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BIOL |! 1001 |! Latoya |! Paul |! Exam |! 1 |! (Ch. |! 1-
5) |! with |! precise |! answers
Define |! biology |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Study |! of |! life What |! are |! the |! basic |! characteristics/properties |! of |! life? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Reproduces Acquire |! and |! maintain |! energy Maintain |! complexity Responds |! to |! stimuli Grows Evolves What |! is |! a |! cell? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Basic |! unit |! of |! life What |! does |! a |! cell |! contain? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Cell |! wall, |! plasma |! membrane, |! nucleus, |! organelles Unicellular |! vs. |! Multicellular |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Unicellular- |! single |! cell |! organisms; |! not |! as |! complex Multicellular- |! two |! or |! more |! cell |! organisms; |! complex
How |! do |! organisms |! acquire |! and |! utilize |! energy? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Consuming |! minerals, |! water, |! nutrients; |! decompose |! matter Describe |! photosynthesis. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Trap |! and |! store |! the |! sun's |! energy |! for |! their |! own |! use; |! Flows |! in |! path |! from |! sun |! to |! photosynthetic |! organisms |! to |! all |! other |! forms |! of |! life Define |! homeostasis. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Balance, |! maintenance |! of |! internal |! conditions Constantly |! pumping |! specific |! substances |! in |! and |! others |! out Internal |! and |! external |! stimuli |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Internal: |! pressure, |! stretch, |! temperature, |! pain External: |! temperature, |! light, |! sound, |! smell, |! chemicals How |! do |! organisms |! reproduce? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Dividing |! by |! half |! (asexual) Producing |! seeds |! (sexual) Bearing |! live |! birth Laying |! eggs Sexual |! reproduction |! always |! involves |! ____. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Sperm |! and |! egg Offspring |! of |! asexual |! reproduction |! is |! ______ |! to |! parent, |! whereas |! sexual |! reproduction |! is |! _____ |! to |! parent. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔identical; |! not |! identical
Due |! to |! mutations, |! populations |! begin |! to |! evolve What |! is |! an |! allele? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Mutation |! that |! occurs |! within |! a |! gene What |! can |! cause |! mutations? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Can |! be |! inherited- |! sperm |! or |! egg Caused |! by |! ultraviolet |! rays |! from |! sunlight Caused |! by |! radiation |! released |! from |! a |! damaged |! nuclear |! power |! plant Caused |! by |! toxic |! chemicals |! from |! cigarette |! smoke Define |! natural |! selection. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Process |! by |! which |! individuals |! that |! inherit |! certain |! characteristics |! tend |! to |! survive |! and |! reproduce |! better |! than |! other |! individuals Define |! adaptations. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Structures, |! physiological |! processes, |! or |! behaviors |! that |! help |! an |! organism |! survive |! and |! reproduce |! in |! a |! particular |! environment Reversible |! adjustment |! by |! individual Genetic |! variation Neutral |! mutation How |! did |! the |! earth |! become |! diverse? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Diverse |! habitats |! (climate) Difference |! in |! how |! we |! obtain |! nutrient |! sources Relationships |! formed |! with |! other |! species
What |! role |! do |! humans |! play |! on |! the |! environment? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Burning |! fossil |! fuels Converting |! tropical |! forests |! to |! farmland Climate |! change |! on |! global |! level What |! are |! the |! various |! levels |! in |! which |! life |! can |! be |! studied? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organ |! systems Population Species Community Ecosystem Biosphere How |! do |! biologists |! classify |! organisms? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Binomial |! system What |! are |! the |! three |! major |! domains |! of |! life? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Bacteria |! (prokaryotic) Archaea |! (prokaryotic) Eukarya |! (eukaryotic)
What |! are |! sex |! pili? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Few |! in |! number |! and |! quite |! long Binds |! to |! a |! nearby |! bacterium |! of |! the |! same |! type |! and |! draws |! them |! together Form |! a |! short |! bridge |! that |! links |! their |! cytoplasm |! and |! allows |! them |! to |! transfer |! small |! rings |! of |! DNA |! called |! plasmids What |! are |! flagella? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Extend |! from |! the |! cell |! surface |! and |! rotate |! to |! propel |! these |! cells |! through |! a |! fluid |! environment Looks |! like |! a |! tail What |! is |! a |! nucleoid? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔"Like |! a |! nucleus" Region |! containing |! a |! single |! circular |! chromosome |! that |! consists |! of |! a |! long, |! coiled |! strand |! of |! DNA |! that |! carries |! essential |! genetic |! information Not |! separated |! from |! cytoplasm |! by |! a |! membrane Also |! contains |! plasmids |! outside |! of |! nucleoid What's |! a |! eukaryotic |! cell? |! Describe. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔"True |! nucleus" Eukarya Extremely |! complex, |! larger Contains |! DNA |! in |! nucleus Contains |! organelles |! that |! are |! surrounded |! by |! membranes Plants, |! fungi, |! and |! protists What |! are |! the |! key |! features |! of |! eukaryotic |! cells? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Nucleus, |! chromatin, |! genes, |! DNA/RNA |! (protein |! synthesis), |! golgi |! apparatus, |! vesicles, |! lysosomes, |! ER |! (smooth |! and |! rough), |! mitochondria, |! chloroplasts
What |! is |! chromatin? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Consists |! of |! chromosomes |! made |! of |! DNA |! molecules |! and |! their |! associated |! proteins What |! are |! genes? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Genes |! provide |! a |! molecular |! blueprint |! for |! the |! synthesis |! of |! proteins |! and |! ribosomes What |! is |! the |! golgi |! apparatus? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Specialized |! set |! of |! membranes |! resembling |! a |! stack |! of |! flattened |! and |! interconnected |! sacs Packages |! all |! proteins |! made |! and |! transports |! it What |! are |! vesicles? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Temporary |! sacs |! that |! bud |! from |! parts |! of |! the |! endomembrane |! system |! and |! from |! the |! plasma |! membrane |! to |! ferry |! biological |! molecules |! throughout |! the |! cell Where |! materials |! reside What |! are |! lysosomes? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Sacs |! that |! digest |! food |! particles |! ranging |! from |! individual |! proteins |! to |! microorganisms |! such |! as |! bacteria Contain |! digestive |! enzymes What |! is |! the |! rough |! endoplasmic |! reticulum? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Contains |! ribosomes Assist |! in |! protein |! synthesis
Laws |! do |! not |! change |! over |! time |! or |! distance Finding |! are |! independent |! of |! bias List |! the |! scientific |! method. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Conclusion What |! is |! a |! control? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Baseline |! in |! which |! all |! possible |! factors |! are |! held |! constant What |! is |! a |! variable? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Group |! being |! affected- |! only |! one |! changed |! at |! a |! time Manipulated |! to |! test |! the |! hypothesis Why |! are |! experiments |! duplicated? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Must |! be |! duplicated |! by |! others |! to |! confirm |! the |! results What |! is |! scientific |! theory? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔General |! and |! reliable |! explanation |! of |! important |! natural |! phenomena |! that |! has |! been |! developed |! through |! extensive |! and |! reproducible |! observations |! and |! experiments
What |! is |! inductive |! reasoning? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Process |! of |! creating |! a |! broad |! generalization |! based |! on |! many |! observations |! that |! support |! it |! and |! none |! that |! contradict |! it What |! is |! deductive |! reasoning? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Starts |! with |! a |! well- supported |! generalization |! and |! uses |! it |! to |! generate |! hypothesis |! about |! how |! a |! specific |! experiment |! or |! observation |! will |! turn |! out Describe |! spontaneous |! generation. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! emergence |! of |! life |! from |! nonliving |! matter Who |! were |! some |! key |! players |! involved |! in |! either |! proving |! or |! disproving |! spontaneous |! generation? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Francesco |! Redi- |! meat |! and |! maggot |! experiment What |! is |! a |! scientific |! law? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Predictable |! phenomenon Involves |! a |! mathematical |! formula Does |! not |! provide |! an |! explanation Define |! an |! element. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Substance |! that |! cannot |! be |! broken |! down Cannot |! be |! converted |! by |! ordinary |! chemical |! reactions Compose |! all |! matter What |! is |! an |! atom? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Smallest |! unit |! of |! an |! element
Explain |! energy |! capture |! and |! release. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔When |! an |! atom |! becomes |! excited |! by |! energy |! (heat |! or |! light), |! an |! electron |! will |! jump |! from |! a |! lower-energy |! to |! higher-energy |! shell What |! are |! molecules? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Two |! or |! more |! atoms |! of |! the |! same |! or |! different |! elements |! linked |! together Form |! the |! same |! element |! or |! different |! elements Usually |! held |! together |! by |! interaction |! in |! their |! electron |! shells What |! are |! free |! radicals? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔So |! reactive |! that |! they |! tend |! to |! pull |! molecules |! apart |! (negative |! affect) Pull |! molecules |! apart |! and |! steal |! molecules |! to |! become |! more |! stable Produced |! in |! large |! numbers |! in |! the |! body Aging, |! death, |! diseases Name |! the |! three |! types |! of |! chemical |! bonds |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ionic |! bonds, |! covalent |! bonds, |! and |! hydrogen |! bonds Describe |! ionic |! bonds. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Electrical |! attraction |! between |! negatively |! and |! positively |! charged |! ions Describe |! covalent |! bonds. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Atoms |! with |! partially |! full |! outermost |! electrons |! shells |! can |! become |! stable |! by |! sharing |! electrons |! with |! one |! another |! in |! covalent |! bonds |! (fill |! both |! of |! their |! outer |! most |! levels)
Stronger |! than |! ionic |! bonds Describe |! hydrogen |! bonds. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Attraction |! between |! slightly |! positive |! hydrogen |! and |! slightly |! negative |! oxygen |! or |! nitrogen |! molecule Weakest |! type |! of |! bond What |! is |! an |! ion? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔When |! an |! atom |! becomes |! stable |! by |! losing |! or |! gaining |! one |! (or |! a |! few) |! electrons |! and |! thus |! acquiring |! an |! overall |! positive |! or |! negative |! charge What |! are |! the |! two |! types |! of |! covalent |! bonds? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Polar |! and |! nonpolar Describe |! polar |! covalent |! bonds. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Sharing |! electrons |! unequally |! because |! the |! nucleus |! of |! one |! molecule |! attracts |! the |! electrons |! more |! than |! the |! nucleus |! of |! the |! other One |! pole |! of |! the |! molecule |! will |! then |! be |! a |! different |! charge |! than |! the |! other Describe |! nonpolar |! covalent |! bonds. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Usually |! form |! between |! two |! of |! the |! same |! element Usually |! no |! charge |! on |! any |! part |! of |! the |! molecule |! because |! they |! equally |! share |! electrons What |! is |! cohesion? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Tendency |! for |! molecules |! of |! a |! single |! type |! to |! stick |! together
What |! does |! hydrophilic |! mean? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔"Water |! loving" Attracted |! to |! and |! dissolves |! in |! water What |! is |! the |! specific |! heat |! of |! water? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Amount |! of |! heat |! required |! to |! raise |! the |! temperature |! of |! 1 |! gram |! of |! water |! one |! degree |! Celcius What |! is |! the |! heat |! of |! vaporization |! of |! water? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Amount |! of |! heat |! needed |! to |! cause |! a |! substance |! to |! evaporate What |! type |! of |! unusual |! solid |! is |! formed |! by |! water? |! Why |! is |! it |! called |! an |! unusual |! solid? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ice Less |! dense |! than |! liquid |! water Bonds |! are |! farther |! apart |! in |! ice Explain |! the |! acidic, |! basic |! and |! neutral |! reactions |! of |! water-based |! solution. |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acidic: |! H |! > |! OH |! (lemon |! juice, |! vinegar) Basic: |! OH |! > |! H Neutral: |! OH |! = |! H What |! is |! pH? |! What |! is |! the |! pH |! scale |! in |! reference |! to |! hydrogen |! ion |! concentration? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Measures |! how |! acidic |! or |! basic |! a |! solution |! is From |! 0- Greater |! than |! 7- |! basic
Below |! 7- |! acidic 7- |! neutral What |! is |! a |! buffer? |! How |! does |! it |! work? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Buffer |! is |! a |! molecule |! that |! helps |! maintain |! a |! constant |! pH |! in |! a |! solution Will |! accept |! or |! release |! hydrogen Accepts- |! trying |! to |! make |! solution |! more |! basic Releases- |! solution |! is |! too |! basic |! and |! wants |! to |! be |! more |! acidic What |! is |! an |! organic |! molecule? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Molecules |! that |! always |! contain |! carbon |! and |! usually |! contain |! oxygen |! and |! hydrogen What |! is |! an |! inorganic |! molecule? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Molecules |! that |! lack |! carbon |! atoms Far |! less |! diverse |! and |! generally |! much |! simpler |! than |! organic |! molecules What |! are |! biological |! molecules? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔All |! molecules |! produced |! by |! living |! things What |! are |! the |! categories |! of |! biological |! molecules? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Carbohydrates, |! lipids, |! proteins, |! and |! nucleic |! acids What |! are |! carbohydrates? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Molecules |! composed |! primarily |! of |! C, |! H, |! and |! O |! (ratio |! CH2O)
What |! is |! starch |! used |! for? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Used |! by |! plants |! for |! energy |! storage What |! is |! glycogen? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Used |! by |! animals |! for |! energy |! storage Stored |! in |! liver |! and |! muscles What |! is |! cellulose? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Structural |! support |! in |! plant |! walls Most |! abundant |! organic |! molecule What |! is |! chitin? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Provides |! structural |! support |! in |! exoskeletons |! (outer |! coverings |! of |! insects, |! crabs, |! and |! spiders) Stiffens |! cell |! walls |! of |! many |! fungi What |! is |! the |! difference |! between |! chitin |! and |! cellulose? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Chitin |! has |! a |! nitrogenous |! base What |! are |! the |! functions |! of |! proteins? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Enzymes |! (promote |! chemical |! reactions) Structural |! support |! (keratin) Nutritional Transport Contractile Hormones
Antibodies Toxins What |! is |! the |! basic |! structure |! of |! a |! protein? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Amino |! acids |! (NH2) Carboxyl |! Group |! (COOH) R |! Group What |! are |! the |! levels |! in |! regard |! to |! structure |! in |! proteins? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Primary, |! secondary, |! tertiary, |! and |! quantenary What |! is |! the |! primary |! structure |! of |! proteins? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Sequence |! of |! amino |! acids |! in |! proteins Allow |! hydrogen |! bonds |! to |! form |! at |! particular |! sites |! within |! the |! polypeptide What |! is |! the |! secondary |! structure |! of |! proteins? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Either |! a |! helix |! or |! pleated |! sheet Do |! not |! involve |! in |! the |! R |! group Form |! between |! the |! slightly |! negative |! C=O |! group |! in |! one |! amino |! acid |! and |! the |! slightly |! positive |! N-H |! group |! from |! an |! amino |! acid |! farther |! along |! the |! peptide |! chain |! --> |! form |! between |! every |! forth |! amino |! acid |! creates |! the |! coils |! of |! a |! spring |! like |! helix Other |! proteins |! repeatedly |! fold |! back |! upon |! themselves |! anchored |! by |! hydrogen |! bonds |! in |! a |! pleated |! sheet |! arrangement
