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Biochemistry Module 4 Exam with Verified Answered Questions, Exams of Biochemistry

Brunel University LondonBiochemistry

A set of exam questions and answers related to biochemistry module 4. The questions cover topics such as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, their structures, functions, and linkages. The document also includes explanations of terms such as hemiacetal bond, mutarotation, and reducing sugar. Additionally, it explains why humans cannot use cellulose as a nutrient and why table sugar dissolves easily in water. useful for students studying biochemistry and related fields.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 01/13/2024

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Biochem Module 4 Exam WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERED QUESTIONS RATED A+
1. which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose?
a. erythrose
b. dihydroxyacetone
c. glucose
d. glyceraldehyde
e. ribose - answers b. dihydroxyacetone
2. when two monosaccharides are epimers:
a. they differ only in the configuration about the penultimate carbon
b. one is an aldose, the other a ketose
c. they differ only in the configuration about one carbon atom
d. they form o-glycosidic bonds
e. they are oligosaccharides - answers c. they differ only in the configuration
about one carbon atom
3. which pair is anomeric?
a. D-glucose and D-fructose
b. D-glucose and L-fructose
c. D-glucose and L-glucose
d. alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-fructose
e. alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose - answers e. alpha-D-glucose and
beta-D-glucose
4. lactose is made from linking galactose and glucose. when this happens:
a. a polysaccharide is formed
b. gas is eliminated
c. an epimer is formed
d. an anomeric carbon is formed on carbon-1
e. lactose forms by a condensation reaction - answers e. lactose forms by a
condensation reaction
5. lactose is made from linking galactose and glucose. when this happens:
a. gas is eliminated
b. an anomeric carbon is formed on carbon-1
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Biochem Module 4 Exam WITH VERIFIED

ANSWERED QUESTIONS RATED A+

  1. which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose? a. erythrose b. dihydroxyacetone c. glucose d. glyceraldehyde e. ribose - answers b. dihydroxyacetone
  2. when two monosaccharides are epimers: a. they differ only in the configuration about the penultimate carbon b. one is an aldose, the other a ketose c. they differ only in the configuration about one carbon atom d. they form o-glycosidic bonds e. they are oligosaccharides - answers c. they differ only in the configuration about one carbon atom
  3. which pair is anomeric? a. D-glucose and D-fructose b. D-glucose and L-fructose c. D-glucose and L-glucose d. alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-fructose e. alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose - answers e. alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose
  4. lactose is made from linking galactose and glucose. when this happens: a. a polysaccharide is formed b. gas is eliminated c. an epimer is formed d. an anomeric carbon is formed on carbon- e. lactose forms by a condensation reaction - answers e. lactose forms by a condensation reaction
  5. lactose is made from linking galactose and glucose. when this happens: a. gas is eliminated b. an anomeric carbon is formed on carbon-

c. water is released d. an epimer is formed e. an aldose is formed - answers c. water is released

  1. chitin and cellulose are both polymers of: a. alpha-D-glucose b. galactose c. beta-D-glucose d. idose e. maltose - answers c. beta-D-glucose
  2. *starch, glycogen, amylose, and amylopectin = alpha-D-glucose
  3. amylose and amylopectin are both polymers of: a. alpha-D-glucose b. beta-D-glucose c. galactose d. idose e. maltose - answers a. alpha-D-glucose
  4. *cellulose and chitin = beta-D-glucose
  5. *starch, glycogen, amylose, and amylopectin = alpha-D-glucose
  6. which statement about starch and glycogen is false? a. amylose is unbranched; amylopectin and glycogen contain many branches b. both are heteropolymers of glucose c. both have many -OH groups in their structures d. both starch and glycogen are energy storage polysaccharides e. glycogen is more extensively branched than starch - answers b. both are heteropolymers of glucose
  7. which statement about starch and glycogen is false? a. both have beta-D-glucose monomers b. both starch and glycogen are energy storage polysaccharides c. both are homopolymers of glucose d. glycogen is more extensively branched that starch e. both have O-glycosidic linkages - answers a. both have beta-D-glucose monomers
  8. *starch and glycogen have alpha-D-glucose monomers
  1. which statement about cellulose is true? a. cellulose is found in plants b. cellulose in the primary storage polysaccharide of animal cells c. cellulose is found in DNA d. the glucose residues of cellulose contain the same configuration as the glucose residues of amylose e. cellulose is an epimer of chitin - answers a. cellulose is found in plants
  2. which statement about cellulose is true? a. cellulose is the primary storage polysaccharide of animal cells b. cellulose is a highly branched polysaccharide c. cellulose is a homopolysaccharide d. the glucose residues of cellulose contain the same configuration as the glucose residues of amylose e. cellulose is an anomer of chitin - answers c. cellulose is a homopolysaccharide
  3. the polysaccharide cellulose is most chemically similar to: a. glycogen b. dextrose c. glucose d. chitin e. starch - answers d. chitin
  4. which of the following is the most common monosaccharide on earth? a. ribose b. cellulose c. chitin d. sucrose e. glucose - answers e. glucose
  5. the "D" in D-carbohydrates stands for: a. 3-dimensional b. dextrorotatory c. derivative d. design e. double - answers b. dextrorotatory
  6. which compound does not fit the formal definition of a carbohydrate? a. C6H12O

b. C7H10O c. C8H16O d. C3H6O e. C4H8O4 - answers b. C7H10O

  1. what is a hemiacetal bond? - answers a functional group that contains an anomeric carbon bonded to an -OR group, -OH group, alkyl chain, and H
  2. what is the difference between alpha/beta and D/L configurations? - answers alpha = -OH on top of the anomeric carbon
  3. beta = -OH under the anomeric carbon
  4. D = -OH on right of penultimate (second to last) carbon
  5. L= -OH on left of penultimate (second to last) carbon
  6. sucrose is also known as: a. lactose b. milk sugar c. chitin d. table sugar e. glycogen - answers d. table sugar
  7. table sugar is also known as: a. sucrose b. dextrose c. glucose d. galactose e. glycogen - answers a. sucrose
  8. amylopectin has alpha 1-->6 branching about every ___ residues. a. 1 to 10 b. 8 to 12 c. 10 to 30 d. 24 to 30 e. no branching - answers d. 24 to 30
  9. besides C, H, and O, what other element is found in the structure of chitin? a. F b. Cl c. P d. S e. N - answers e. N
  1. The following oligosaccharide interacts favorable with water. What is the source of the ability of the interaction between H2O and this carbohydrate. - answers The -OH groups of the following oligosaccharide form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. These noncovalent interactions permit solubility of the oligosaccharide in water by forming an aqueous solution.
  2. Explain in molecular terms why humans cannot use cellulose as a nutrient. - answers Humans cannot use cellulose as a nutrient because human enzymes cannot breakdown the bonds associated with it. Cellulose contains a beta 1--> linkage, and human enzymes can only split alpha 1-->4 linkages. Because cellulose linkages cannot be broken down by the human body, it cannot be used as a nutrient.
  3. A hike is lost in the wilderness and without food. He runs across several beetles with hard chitin exoskeletons. Would he get nutrition in the form of glucose from eating these beetles? Explain. - answers The exoskeleton of beetles are composed of chitin. Chitin is made of glucose residues with beta 1-->4 linkage, however, human enzymes cannot breakdown this type of linkage. Human enzymes are able to breakdown alpha 1-->4 linkages only. Therefore, the hiker will not intake glucose or get nutrition from the beetle and should not eat it.
  4. How are oligosaccharides and polysaccharides similar in their structure? How are they different? - answers Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are both composed of monosaccharides, which are the functional unit of carbohydrates. However, oligosaccharides consist of shorts chains of monosaccharides joined together, and polysaccharides consists of long chains of 20 or more monosaccharides joined together. Polysaccharides form linear structures as well as highly branched structures. A) Which carbon in the following molecule determines if the molecule is D or L? Explain. B) Is this molecule D or L? - answers A) Carbon D, the penultimate carbon, determines if the molecules is D or L. In the case of glucose, this would be carbon-5. C) The monosaccharide is L because the -OH group is on the left side.
  5. on a Fischer projection, what is the carbon that is the second furthest away from the carbonyl group is termed? - answers the penultimate carbon
  6. What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin? - answers Amylose is a linear chain of glucose joined together in alpha 1-->4 bonds in one continuous chain with no branching. These chains have a few thousand to a million glucose molecules bonded together and are referred to as the main chain.
  1. Like amylose, amylopectin has a long chain of glucose bonded together, but it also has branches every 24 to 30 glucose molecules apart from the main chain. These branches then have large numbers of residues connected by alpha 1--> connections. The branch points permit amylopectin to form larger compounds.
  2. what is the difference between epimer and anomer? - answers Epimers are monosaccharides that differ in the orientation at only one carbon position.
  3. Anomers are the alpha and beta forms that differ only in the -OH orientation about the anomeric carbon that forms the hemiacetal group.
  4. polysaccharide vs. oligosaccharide - answers Polysaccharides are LONG chains of 20 or more monosaccharides joined together.
  5. Oligosaccharides consists of SHORT chains of monosaccharides joined together.
  6. what are Fischer projections? - answers 2D structures that represent 3D carbohydrates or other organic molecules
  7. furanose vs. pyranose - answers A furanose ring is a 5-atom structure consisting of 4 carbons and 1 oxygen.
  8. A pyranose ring is a 6-atom structure consisting of 5 carbons and 1 oxygen.
  9. 3 homopolysaccharides of glucose - answers starch, glycogen, and cellulose
  10. when is an alpha 1-->4 linkage typically found in carbohydrates? - answers polysaccharides when branching occurs
  11. when is an alpha 1-->6 linkage typically found in carbohydrates? - answers where glycogen branches
  12. what is a reducing end? - answers a free anomeric carbon within a hemiacetal group due to its lack of an o-glycosidic linkage
  13. can undergo chemical changes easily because the carbon is not connected to another monosaccharide
  14. what is a non-reducing end? - answers the end without a free anomeric carbon that contains an o-glycosidic linkage