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Final Exam: BIO1201/ BIO 1201 (New 2024/
2025 Update) |Exam with Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A –
LSU
QUESTION
How are DNA, chromosomes, and genes related? Answer: Genes are made of DNA, and are located on chromosomes.
QUESTION
What products of light reactions are used in the Calvin Cycle? Answer: ATP, NADPH
QUESTION
Where are the electrons transferred to from photosystem II? Answer: Electron transport chain- thylakoid membrane
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What are the characteristics of a solution with a pH of 7? Answer: Neutral, same concentration of OH- and H+ (1 x 10^-7)
How does an enzyme speed up a reaction? Answer: Lowers activation energy
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What are the molecules called that capture light in photosynthesis? Answer: Photosynthetic pigments
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Which enzyme is involved in DNA replication? Answer: DNA polymerase
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Which process expels some material out of a cell? Answer: Exocytosis
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What processes require a transport protein? Answer: Active transport, or facilitated diffusion in passive transport
When does synapsis occur? Answer: Prophase I (meiosis I)
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Name pH in their varying ranges of acidity and basic Answer: pH 1= very acidic, pH 4= slightly acidic, pH7= neutral, pH 10= slightly basic, pH 14= very basic
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Stages of mitosis Answer: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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Alternate form of a gene Answer: Allele
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tRNA has Answer: amino acid on one end and anticodon on other end
Genes located on the same chromosome Answer: Linked genes
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Crossing two heterozygous individuals results in the ratio of Answer: 9:3:3:
QUESTION
Morgan's term for the dominant phenotype is ____, denoted by ____. Answer: Wild-type, w+
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Morgan's term for the recessive phenotype is ____, denoted by ____. Answer: mutant; w
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Morgan's test:Cross between a white-eyed male (w) and red-eyed (w+) female showed all F offspring had red eyes. F1 offspring are crossed, showed F2 offspring had 3:1 ratio of w+ to w, but white eyes only reappeared in ___. This lead to the discovery of ___________. Answer: males, sex-linked genes
Which molecules can cross the membrane the easiest? Answer: Nonpolar, small
QUESTION
Which isomer has a carbon-carbon double bond? Answer: Geometric/cis trans
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Why is carbon the most versatile organic element? Answer: Ability to make 4 bonds
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Which type of group would a hydroxyl group most likely bond to? Answer: Polar
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Which organelle synthesizes proteins? Answer: Rough ER
Which organelle prevents future damage from happening? Answer: Lysosome
QUESTION
What to cellulose, glycogen, and starch have in common? Answer: All derived from glucose
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Which property of water is the reason for many of water's other properties? Answer: Hydrogen bonding
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In DNA structure, what makes up the lateral movement of the structure but not the "stair steps"? Answer: Phosphate group + sugar
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What type of bond holds the double helix structure of DNA together? Answer: Hydrogen bonds
parental type
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Offspring phenotypically different to parents Answer: recombinants
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The 50% recombination between unlinked genes are due to ________ Answer: independent assortment
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Recombination frequency can be used to determine _______ Answer: map units
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Specifically, recombination between linked genes are due to _____ Answer: crossing over
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In an XY system, sex is determined by _____ Answer:
male gamete
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In an XO system, sex is determined by _____ Answer: number of sex chromosomes
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In an ZW system, sex is determined by _____ Answer: female gamete
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Since males are XY, they are referred to as Answer: hemizygous
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Most sex-linked traits are located on the __chromosome Answer: X
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An organism using XY or XO system must have __ chromosome to survive Answer:
Answer: Polyploidy
- triploidy - 3N
- tetraploidy - 4N
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Griffith found that genetic material could be transferred between bacteria, also known as Answer: transformation
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Virus that infects bacteria Answer: phage
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Found that DNA is the genetic materian Answer: Hershey and Chase
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Chargaff's Rule Answer: % A = % T % C = % G
Discovered that DNA strands are made of a double helix structure Answer: Watson and Crick
QUESTION
The two strands of DNA are Answer: complementary and antiparallel
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A and T have __ hydrogen bonds. C and G have __. Answer: 2,
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States that each new DNA double helix would be made of one strand of old DNA and one strand of new DNA Answer: Semi-conservative model
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Located at end of each replication bubble, where new DNA strands are being synthesized Answer: Replication fork
enzyme that synthesizes primers Answer: primase
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strand that is synthesized in a continuous manner Answer: leading strand
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strand that is synthesized in pieces Answer: lagging strand
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Since two strands are being synthesized at the same time but going towards different replication forks, DNA synthesis is said to be - ______ Answer: bidirectional
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Enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand Answer: DNA ligase
Transcription occurs in Answer: the nucleus
QUESTION
RNA is synthesized by the enzyme ____ Answer: RNA polymerase
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RNA and DNA strands are ___ to one another Answer: complementary
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Transcription binds DNA at the ____ Answer: promoter
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Transcription requires ___ to recognize promoter Answer: transcription factors
Creates proteins/polypeptides from mRNA Answer: Translation
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Translation begins when ___ bind to 5' end of mRNA Answer: ribosomal subunits
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amino acid on one end and anticodon on other end Answer: tRNA
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Initiation of translation: ___ of initiator tRNA binds to the start _____ Answer: anticodons; codon
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Translation: ______ help form initiation complex Answer: initiation factors
Translation: the initiator tRNA is in the __ site Answer: P
QUESTION
During elongation in translation, anticodon of tRNA pairs with a codon in the ___ site Answer: A
QUESTION
A ____ bonf forms between the amino acids in the P site and A site Answer: peptide
QUESTION
The tRNA that was in the P site moves to the ___ site, where it exits from the ribosome Answer: E (e for exit)
QUESTION
Termination of translation is triggered by ____. A ____ binds to the stop codon in the A site. Answer: stop codon release factor
